Chapter 18 Flashcards
What is the flow of arteries and veins?
aorta > large arteries > small arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > small vein > large vein > ivc/svc
Arteries take blood away from the?
Heart
Veins return blood to the?
heart
Name the layers of arteries and veins:
- Tunica interna & tunica intima (inner) > contains endothelium
- tunica media (middle) > contains smooth muscle
- tunica externa (outter)
Valves are associated with?
Veins
What do valves do for veins?
They stop the back flow of blood.
Which blood vessel is the exception to the 3 layers blood vessels have and instead has epithelial tissue sitting on a basement membrane?
Capillaries
Arteries have a thicker _______ then veins due to _________.
tunica media, high pressure.
Venules do what?
collect blood from capillaries.
Arteriosclerosis is?
loss of elastic in aorta, large arteries, and coronary arteries
Atherosclerosis is?
the deposit of materials in arterial walls to form plaques.
What are the three types of veins?
Superficial
Deep (sits next to arteries)
Sinuses
Define blood pressure:
A measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall.
How is blood pressure measured:
By listening for korotkoft sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure is released from a blood pressure cuff.
systolic pressure >
first pressure heard
diastolic pressure >
pressure at which sound disappears.
120>
80>
120> heart contracting (systolic)
80> heart relaxing (diastolic)
Define pulse pressure:
Difference between systolic bp & diastolic bp
PP=
SBP-DBP
MAP=
DMP+ (SBP - DMP/3)
Resistance is the sum of?
all factors that inhibit blood flow.
Resistance in blood vessel=
heart has to work harder
What is capillary exchange?
Diffusion (which includes osmosis) and filtration are primary means of exchange.
Sympathetic nervous system controls what?
blood vessel diameter.
2/3 of blood is found where?
In veins
What causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle?
Epinephrine
The SNS releases _______ & ________.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
During flight or flight, arteries are going to _______ and veins are going to ______.
vasodialate, vasoconstrict
Where are baroreceptors located?
carotid sinus and aortic arch
What are short term regulators of BP?
epinephrine and norepinephrine. peripheral chemoreceptors ( down in o2) central chemoreceptors (up in Co2)
What are long term regulators of BP?
-Renin - angiotensin - aldosterone mechanism
Renin is released in kidneys due to _________ and promotes production of ___________ and causes _________ and a rise in ________ and maintain blood volume by __________.
low blood pressure, angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, lowering the production of urine.
What is the chemical formula for how the body measures pH?
CO2 + H2O > H3CO3 > H+ +HCO3
What is the buffer for blood pH bicarbonate formula?
CO2
What is pH?
pH=log1/h+
Vasopressin is from the ________, causes a _______ in bp, and a _________ which helps maintain blood volume by decreasing ________________.
pituitary, extreme decrease, vasoconstriction, urine production
angiotenisogen > renin> angiotensin I > ACE (lungs) > angiotensin II: what type of maintenance is this?
Long term maintenance the ^ Bp.
Name what you can about angiotensin I.
- powerful vasoconstrictor
- release of aldosterone
Where does aldosterone come from?
adrenal cortex
What is aldosterone responsible for?
sodium retention in the kidneys which cause Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys (water reabsorption), which results in increase BV which leads to increase BP.
Renin is from _________ causes the transformation from ________ to ____________. Which releases ______.
kidneys, anigiotenisogen, angiotensin I, ADH
