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A & P II > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of arteries and veins?

A

aorta > large arteries > small arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > small vein > large vein > ivc/svc

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2
Q

Arteries take blood away from the?

A

Heart

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3
Q

Veins return blood to the?

A

heart

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4
Q

Name the layers of arteries and veins:

A
  1. Tunica interna & tunica intima (inner) > contains endothelium
  2. tunica media (middle) > contains smooth muscle
  3. tunica externa (outter)
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5
Q

Valves are associated with?

A

Veins

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6
Q

What do valves do for veins?

A

They stop the back flow of blood.

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7
Q

Which blood vessel is the exception to the 3 layers blood vessels have and instead has epithelial tissue sitting on a basement membrane?

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

Arteries have a thicker _______ then veins due to _________.

A

tunica media, high pressure.

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9
Q

Venules do what?

A

collect blood from capillaries.

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10
Q

Arteriosclerosis is?

A

loss of elastic in aorta, large arteries, and coronary arteries

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11
Q

Atherosclerosis is?

A

the deposit of materials in arterial walls to form plaques.

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12
Q

What are the three types of veins?

A

Superficial
Deep (sits next to arteries)
Sinuses

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13
Q

Define blood pressure:

A

A measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall.

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14
Q

How is blood pressure measured:

A

By listening for korotkoft sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure is released from a blood pressure cuff.

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15
Q

systolic pressure >

A

first pressure heard

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16
Q

diastolic pressure >

A

pressure at which sound disappears.

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17
Q

120>

80>

A

120> heart contracting (systolic)

80> heart relaxing (diastolic)

18
Q

Define pulse pressure:

A

Difference between systolic bp & diastolic bp

19
Q

PP=

A

SBP-DBP

20
Q

MAP=

A

DMP+ (SBP - DMP/3)

21
Q

Resistance is the sum of?

A

all factors that inhibit blood flow.

22
Q

Resistance in blood vessel=

A

heart has to work harder

23
Q

What is capillary exchange?

A

Diffusion (which includes osmosis) and filtration are primary means of exchange.

24
Q

Sympathetic nervous system controls what?

A

blood vessel diameter.

25
Q

2/3 of blood is found where?

A

In veins

26
Q

What causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle?

A

Epinephrine

27
Q

The SNS releases _______ & ________.

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

28
Q

During flight or flight, arteries are going to _______ and veins are going to ______.

A

vasodialate, vasoconstrict

29
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

carotid sinus and aortic arch

30
Q

What are short term regulators of BP?

A 
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
peripheral chemoreceptors ( down in o2)
central chemoreceptors (up in Co2)
31
Q

What are long term regulators of BP?

A

-Renin - angiotensin - aldosterone mechanism

32
Q

Renin is released in kidneys due to _________ and promotes production of ___________ and causes _________ and a rise in ________ and maintain blood volume by __________.

A

low blood pressure, angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, lowering the production of urine.

33
Q

What is the chemical formula for how the body measures pH?

A

CO2 + H2O > H3CO3 > H+ +HCO3

34
Q

What is the buffer for blood pH bicarbonate formula?

A

CO2

35
Q

What is pH?

A

pH=log1/h+

36
Q

Vasopressin is from the ________, causes a _______ in bp, and a _________ which helps maintain blood volume by decreasing ________________.

A

pituitary, extreme decrease, vasoconstriction, urine production

37
Q

angiotenisogen > renin> angiotensin I > ACE (lungs) > angiotensin II: what type of maintenance is this?

A

Long term maintenance the ^ Bp.

38
Q

Name what you can about angiotensin I.

A
  • powerful vasoconstrictor

- release of aldosterone

39
Q

Where does aldosterone come from?

A

adrenal cortex

40
Q

What is aldosterone responsible for?

A

sodium retention in the kidneys which cause Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys (water reabsorption), which results in increase BV which leads to increase BP.

41
Q

Renin is from _________ causes the transformation from ________ to ____________. Which releases ______.

A

kidneys, anigiotenisogen, angiotensin I, ADH

A & P II (10 decks)

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