Chapter 18

Question 1

What is the flow of arteries and veins?

Answer 1

aorta > large arteries > small arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > small vein > large vein > ivc/svc

Question 2

Arteries take blood away from the?

Answer 2

Heart

Question 3

Veins return blood to the?

Answer 3

heart

Question 4

Name the layers of arteries and veins:

Answer 4

1. Tunica interna & tunica intima (inner) > contains endothelium
2. tunica media (middle) > contains smooth muscle
3. tunica externa (outter)

Question 5

Valves are associated with?

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

What do valves do for veins?

Answer 6

They stop the back flow of blood.

Question 7

Which blood vessel is the exception to the 3 layers blood vessels have and instead has epithelial tissue sitting on a basement membrane?

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

Arteries have a thicker _______ then veins due to _________.

Answer 8

tunica media, high pressure.

Question 9

Venules do what?

Answer 9

collect blood from capillaries.

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis is?

Answer 10

loss of elastic in aorta, large arteries, and coronary arteries

Question 11

Atherosclerosis is?

Answer 11

the deposit of materials in arterial walls to form plaques.

Question 12

What are the three types of veins?

Answer 12

Superficial
Deep (sits next to arteries)
Sinuses

Question 13

Define blood pressure:

Answer 13

A measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall.

Question 14

How is blood pressure measured:

Answer 14

By listening for korotkoft sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure is released from a blood pressure cuff.

Question 15

systolic pressure >

Answer 15

first pressure heard

Question 16

diastolic pressure >

Answer 16

pressure at which sound disappears.

Question 17

120>

80>

Answer 17

120> heart contracting (systolic)

80> heart relaxing (diastolic)

Question 18

Define pulse pressure:

Answer 18

Difference between systolic bp & diastolic bp

Question 19

PP=

Answer 19

SBP-DBP

Question 20

MAP=

Answer 20

DMP+ (SBP - DMP/3)

Question 21

Resistance is the sum of?

Answer 21

all factors that inhibit blood flow.

Question 22

Resistance in blood vessel=

Answer 22

heart has to work harder

Question 23

What is capillary exchange?

Answer 23

Diffusion (which includes osmosis) and filtration are primary means of exchange.

Question 24

Sympathetic nervous system controls what?

Answer 24

blood vessel diameter.

Question 25

2/3 of blood is found where?

Answer 25

In veins

Question 26

What causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle?

Answer 26

Epinephrine

Question 27

The SNS releases _______ & ________.

Answer 27

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 28

During flight or flight, arteries are going to _______ and veins are going to ______.

Answer 28

vasodialate, vasoconstrict

Question 29

Where are baroreceptors located?

Answer 29

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 30

What are short term regulators of BP?

Answer 30

``` epinephrine and norepinephrine. peripheral chemoreceptors ( down in o2) central chemoreceptors (up in Co2) ```

Question 31

What are long term regulators of BP?

Answer 31

-Renin - angiotensin - aldosterone mechanism

Question 32

Renin is released in kidneys due to _________ and promotes production of ___________ and causes _________ and a rise in ________ and maintain blood volume by __________.

Answer 32

low blood pressure, angiotensin II, vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, lowering the production of urine.

Question 33

What is the chemical formula for how the body measures pH?

Answer 33

CO2 + H2O > H3CO3 > H+ +HCO3

Question 34

What is the buffer for blood pH bicarbonate formula?

Answer 34

CO2

Question 35

What is pH?

Answer 35

pH=log1/h+

Question 36

Vasopressin is from the ________, causes a _______ in bp, and a _________ which helps maintain blood volume by decreasing ________________.

Answer 36

pituitary, extreme decrease, vasoconstriction, urine production

Question 37

angiotenisogen > renin> angiotensin I > ACE (lungs) > angiotensin II: what type of maintenance is this?

Answer 37

Long term maintenance the ^ Bp.

Question 38

Name what you can about angiotensin I.

Answer 38

- powerful vasoconstrictor | - release of aldosterone

Question 39

Where does aldosterone come from?

Answer 39

adrenal cortex

Question 40

What is aldosterone responsible for?

Answer 40

sodium retention in the kidneys which cause Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys (water reabsorption), which results in increase BV which leads to increase BP.

Question 41

Renin is from _________ causes the transformation from ________ to ____________. Which releases ______.

Answer 41

kidneys, anigiotenisogen, angiotensin I, ADH