Chapter 23

Question 1

Where is the blood actually filtered in the kidney?

Answer 1

glomerulus

Question 2

What is the function unit of the kidney?

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

Where are nephrons mostly located?

Answer 3

renal cortex

Question 4

What makes up the renal capsule?

Answer 4

Bowmans capsule & Glomerulus

Question 5

The renal corpuscle function is?

Answer 5

filterate

Question 6

What is the function of the Proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 6

Reabsorption of water, ion, and all organic nutrients.

Question 7

What is the function of the nephron loop?

Answer 7

further absorption of water, sodium and chloride ions.

Question 8

What is the function of the digital convoluted tubule?

Answer 8

secretion.

Question 9

What causes reabsorption of water at the digital convoluted tubule? What is it produced by? ***

Answer 9

ADH, posterior pituitary gland

Question 10

What causes reabsorption of sodium? What is it produced by? ***

Answer 10

Aldosterone, adrenal cortex

Question 11

What causes the reabsorption of calcium? What is it produced by? ***

Answer 11

parathyroid hormone, parathyroid gland

Question 12

The descending loop of nephron is only permable to what?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

The ascending loop of nephron pumps out what?

Answer 13

sodium and calcium

Question 14

Where is the loop of nephron found?

Answer 14

the medulla

Question 15

What are the functions of the kidney?

Answer 15

excretion
regulates blood volume & pressure
regulates concentration of solutes in blood
regulates extracellular fluid pH
regulars red blood cell synthesis
actives vit D

Question 16

What are the two parts of the juxaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 16

juxtaglomerular cells in afferent arteriole

macula densa cells in DCT

Question 17

What does the juxtaglomerular secrete?

Answer 17

erythroprotein & renin

Question 18

Erythroprotein stimulates what?

Answer 18

production of red blood cells

Question 19

Angistensinogen __________> Angiotensin I

Answer 19

renin

Question 20

Angiotensin I __________> angiotensin II

Answer 20

ACE

Question 21

Angiotensin II raises?

Answer 21

Blood pressure

Question 22

The glomerular filtration rate is?

Answer 22

the amount of filtrate produced per minute

Question 23

What is the main function of tubular secretion?

Answer 23

substances are secreted

Question 24

Atrial Natriuretic hormone does what?

Answer 24

decreases blood pressure

inhibits sodium reabsorption

Question 25

What is the urinary bladder lined with?

Answer 25

transitional epithelium

Question 26

Fluid balance=

Answer 26

more goes in more comes out

Question 27

Water out=

Answer 27

lost through evaporation from respiratory system, & skin 35% kidneys 65% gastrointestinal tract 4%

Question 28

Hypothalamus: increased osmolality or large decrease in blood pressure =

Answer 28

increased thrist

Question 29

Hypothalamus: An increase in extracellular fluid osmolality stimulates?

Answer 29

thirst and ADH secretion | water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 30

Hypothalamus: A decrease in extracellular fluid osmolality inhibits?

Answer 30

thirst and decrease ADH secretion decreases water absorption in the kidneys increased: aldosterone

Question 31

What is the most abundant cation?

Answer 31

sodium

Question 32

Kidneys are a major route by which what is excreted?

Answer 32

sodium

Question 33

Hyponatremia=

Answer 33

decrease of sodium

Question 34

Hypernatremia=

Answer 34

increase of sodium

Question 35

Hypokalemia=

Answer 35

decrease of potassium

Question 36

Hyperkalemia=

Answer 36

increase in potassium

Question 37

Hypocalcemia=

Answer 37

decrease in calcium

Question 38

Hypercalcemia=

Answer 38

increase in calcium

Question 39

A buffer?

Answer 39

resists change in pH of a solution. | either removes or release H+

Question 40

Buffer: if acidic?

Answer 40

releases H+

Question 41

Buffer: if basic?

Answer 41

removes H+

Question 42

Buffers are?

Answer 42

carbonic acid/bicarbonate proteins, phosphate compounds, ammonia

Question 43

Think ph: CO2 goes up,

Answer 43

pH goes down

Question 44

Think pH: CO2 goes down,

Answer 44

pH goes up.

Question 45

H+ added to the blood,

Answer 45

a HCO3- is removed

Question 46

H+ removed from the blood,

Answer 46

a HCO3- is added.