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A & P II > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the blood actually filtered in the kidney?

A

glomerulus

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2
Q

What is the function unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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3
Q

Where are nephrons mostly located?

A

renal cortex

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4
Q

What makes up the renal capsule?

A

Bowmans capsule & Glomerulus

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5
Q

The renal corpuscle function is?

A

filterate

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6
Q

What is the function of the Proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption of water, ion, and all organic nutrients.

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7
Q

What is the function of the nephron loop?

A

further absorption of water, sodium and chloride ions.

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8
Q

What is the function of the digital convoluted tubule?

A

secretion.

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9
Q

What causes reabsorption of water at the digital convoluted tubule? What is it produced by? ***

A

ADH, posterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

What causes reabsorption of sodium? What is it produced by? ***

A

Aldosterone, adrenal cortex

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11
Q

What causes the reabsorption of calcium? What is it produced by? ***

A

parathyroid hormone, parathyroid gland

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12
Q

The descending loop of nephron is only permable to what?

A

Water

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13
Q

The ascending loop of nephron pumps out what?

A

sodium and calcium

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14
Q

Where is the loop of nephron found?

A

the medulla

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15
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A 
excretion
regulates blood volume & pressure
regulates concentration of solutes in blood
regulates extracellular fluid pH
regulars red blood cell synthesis
actives vit D
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16
Q

What are the two parts of the juxaglomerular apparatus?

A

juxtaglomerular cells in afferent arteriole

macula densa cells in DCT

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17
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular secrete?

A

erythroprotein & renin

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18
Q

Erythroprotein stimulates what?

A

production of red blood cells

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19
Q

Angistensinogen __________> Angiotensin I

A

renin

20
Q

Angiotensin I __________> angiotensin II

A

ACE

21
Q

Angiotensin II raises?

A

Blood pressure

22
Q

The glomerular filtration rate is?

A

the amount of filtrate produced per minute

23
Q

What is the main function of tubular secretion?

A

substances are secreted

24
Q

Atrial Natriuretic hormone does what?

A

decreases blood pressure

inhibits sodium reabsorption

25
Q

What is the urinary bladder lined with?

A

transitional epithelium

26
Q

Fluid balance=

A

more goes in more comes out

27
Q

Water out=

A

lost through evaporation from respiratory system, & skin 35%
kidneys 65%
gastrointestinal tract 4%

28
Q

Hypothalamus: increased osmolality or large decrease in blood pressure =

A

increased thrist

29
Q

Hypothalamus: An increase in extracellular fluid osmolality stimulates?

A

thirst and ADH secretion

water reabsorption in the kidneys

30
Q

Hypothalamus: A decrease in extracellular fluid osmolality inhibits?

A

thirst and decrease ADH secretion
decreases water absorption in the kidneys
increased: aldosterone

31
Q

What is the most abundant cation?

A

sodium

32
Q

Kidneys are a major route by which what is excreted?

A

sodium

33
Q

Hyponatremia=

A

decrease of sodium

34
Q

Hypernatremia=

A

increase of sodium

35
Q

Hypokalemia=

A

decrease of potassium

36
Q

Hyperkalemia=

A

increase in potassium

37
Q

Hypocalcemia=

A

decrease in calcium

38
Q

Hypercalcemia=

A

increase in calcium

39
Q

A buffer?

A

resists change in pH of a solution.

either removes or release H+

40
Q

Buffer: if acidic?

A

releases H+

41
Q

Buffer: if basic?

A

removes H+

42
Q

Buffers are?

A

carbonic acid/bicarbonate proteins, phosphate compounds, ammonia

43
Q

Think ph: CO2 goes up,

A

pH goes down

44
Q

Think pH: CO2 goes down,

A

pH goes up.

45
Q

H+ added to the blood,

A

a HCO3- is removed

46
Q

H+ removed from the blood,

A

a HCO3- is added.

A & P II (10 decks)

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