Chapter 23 Flashcards
Where is the blood actually filtered in the kidney?
glomerulus
What is the function unit of the kidney?
nephron
Where are nephrons mostly located?
renal cortex
What makes up the renal capsule?
Bowmans capsule & Glomerulus
The renal corpuscle function is?
filterate
What is the function of the Proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of water, ion, and all organic nutrients.
What is the function of the nephron loop?
further absorption of water, sodium and chloride ions.
What is the function of the digital convoluted tubule?
secretion.
What causes reabsorption of water at the digital convoluted tubule? What is it produced by? ***
ADH, posterior pituitary gland
What causes reabsorption of sodium? What is it produced by? ***
Aldosterone, adrenal cortex
What causes the reabsorption of calcium? What is it produced by? ***
parathyroid hormone, parathyroid gland
The descending loop of nephron is only permable to what?
Water
The ascending loop of nephron pumps out what?
sodium and calcium
Where is the loop of nephron found?
the medulla
What are the functions of the kidney?
excretion regulates blood volume & pressure regulates concentration of solutes in blood regulates extracellular fluid pH regulars red blood cell synthesis actives vit D
What are the two parts of the juxaglomerular apparatus?
juxtaglomerular cells in afferent arteriole
macula densa cells in DCT
What does the juxtaglomerular secrete?
erythroprotein & renin
Erythroprotein stimulates what?
production of red blood cells
Angistensinogen __________> Angiotensin I
renin
Angiotensin I __________> angiotensin II
ACE
Angiotensin II raises?
Blood pressure
The glomerular filtration rate is?
the amount of filtrate produced per minute
What is the main function of tubular secretion?
substances are secreted
Atrial Natriuretic hormone does what?
decreases blood pressure
inhibits sodium reabsorption
What is the urinary bladder lined with?
transitional epithelium
Fluid balance=
more goes in more comes out
Water out=
lost through evaporation from respiratory system, & skin 35%
kidneys 65%
gastrointestinal tract 4%
Hypothalamus: increased osmolality or large decrease in blood pressure =
increased thrist
Hypothalamus: An increase in extracellular fluid osmolality stimulates?
thirst and ADH secretion
water reabsorption in the kidneys
Hypothalamus: A decrease in extracellular fluid osmolality inhibits?
thirst and decrease ADH secretion
decreases water absorption in the kidneys
increased: aldosterone
What is the most abundant cation?
sodium
Kidneys are a major route by which what is excreted?
sodium
Hyponatremia=
decrease of sodium
Hypernatremia=
increase of sodium
Hypokalemia=
decrease of potassium
Hyperkalemia=
increase in potassium
Hypocalcemia=
decrease in calcium
Hypercalcemia=
increase in calcium
A buffer?
resists change in pH of a solution.
either removes or release H+
Buffer: if acidic?
releases H+
Buffer: if basic?
removes H+
Buffers are?
carbonic acid/bicarbonate proteins, phosphate compounds, ammonia
Think ph: CO2 goes up,
pH goes down
Think pH: CO2 goes down,
pH goes up.
H+ added to the blood,
a HCO3- is removed
H+ removed from the blood,
a HCO3- is added.
