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Ecology > Exam 3: Predation > Flashcards

Exam 3: Predation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the HSS model?

A

The HSS model, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa

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2
Q

the _____, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa (indirect)

A

HSS Model

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3
Q

What are secondary compounds?

A

Secondary Compounds are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism

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4
Q

_____ are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism

A

Secondary Compounds

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5
Q

What is Batesian Mimicry?

A

Batesian Mimicry is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model

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6
Q

_____ is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model

A

Batesian Mimicry

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7
Q

What is Mullerian Mimicry?

A

Mullerian Mimicry is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern

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8
Q

_____ is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern

A

Mullerian Mimicry

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9
Q

What is Aggresive Mimicry?

A

Aggressive Mimicry is when the predator mimics the prey

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10
Q

_____ is when the predator mimics the prey

A

Agressive Mimicry

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of mimicry?

A
  1. Batesian
  2. Mullerian
  3. Aggressive
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12
Q

What is the Neutral Population Cycle?

A

neutral oscillation where amplitude of wavelengths won’t be changing

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13
Q

What is a Type III Functional Response?

A

A Type III Functional Response is when a predator switches its consumption from one prey species to a more abundant prey species

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14
Q

A Type _____ Functional Response believes that the density of prey is linearly dependent on the amount of prey eaten by the predator
- results in a linear relationship

A

Type I

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15
Q

A Type ___ Functional Response takes satiation and prey running away into account when discussing the relationship between prey density and prey mortality
- predators cause maximum mortality at low prey density.

A

Type II

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16
Q

A Type ____ Functional Response displays percentage of prey instead of number, claiming that when theres low amounts of prey the predator will switch to a more abundant prey

A

Type III

17
Q

What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?

A

The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

18
Q

the _____ is the tendency fir animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

A

Optimal Foraging Strategy

19
Q

What is the Marginal Value Theorem?

A

The Marginal Value Theorem determines when a predator should leave a prey patch and move to a new patch

20
Q

What is a Numerical Response?

A

A Numerical Response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations

21
Q

a _____ response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations

A

Numerical Response

22
Q

What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?

A

The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended

23
Q

What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?

A

The Red Queen Hypothesis, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with

24
Q

the _____, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with

A

Red Queen Hypothesis

25
Q

What is intraguild predation?

A

Intraguild Predation is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey

26
Q

_____ is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey

A

Intraguild Predation

27
Q

Describe several different types of prey defenses against predators and give an example of each. (8)

A
  1. Chemical Defense
  2. Camouflage: hiding
  3. Aggression
  4. Warning Coloration
  5. Deceptive Coloration
  6. Structures: spikes, shells
  7. Run away
  8. Flocking
28
Q

_____ eat meat

A

Carnivores

29
Q

_____ eat plants

A

Herbivores

30
Q

_____ eat both plants and meat

A

Omnivores

31
Q

_____ is eating the same species

A

Cannibalism

32
Q

Does cannibalism happen in plants?

A

NO

33
Q

What rules might an animal use to make a decision on how long to forage in a give resource path and for how long?

A
  1. Prey grow exponentially in the absence of predators
  2. predators will starve in the absence of prey
  3. predators can consume infinite numbers of prey
34
Q

Graphically illustrate an example of the three way interaction between a carnivore, a herbivore and a plant (the world is green hypothesis).

A

Plants (-)> Herbivores (-)> Predators (+)> plants

35
Q

Explain how a plant is affected by both direct and indirect interactions in a three way interaction between a carnivore, herbivore and plant.

A

The herbivores will eat the plants which is a negative. The predators will eat the herbivores which is a negative. However, the predators consumption of the herbivores creates a positive effect for the plants because they are decreasing their level of predation.

36
Q

Does cannibalism happen in plants?

A

NO

37
Q

How can cannibalism lead to equilibrium?

A

The larger adults eat the babies and smaller ones, getting rid of and preventing population explosions

Ecology (9 decks)

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