Exam 3: Predation Flashcards
What is the HSS model?
The HSS model, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa
the _____, also known as the “world is green” model, explains that one organism has direct influences on another and affects another organism through a shared taxa (indirect)
HSS Model
What are secondary compounds?
Secondary Compounds are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism
_____ are chemicals that are not involved in basic metabolism
Secondary Compounds
What is Batesian Mimicry?
Batesian Mimicry is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model
_____ is the resemblance of a palatable or harmless species (the mimic) to an unpalatable or dangerous model
Batesian Mimicry
What is Mullerian Mimicry?
Mullerian Mimicry is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern
_____ is many unpalatable or dangerous species sharing a similar color pattern
Mullerian Mimicry
What is Aggresive Mimicry?
Aggressive Mimicry is when the predator mimics the prey
_____ is when the predator mimics the prey
Agressive Mimicry
What are the 3 types of mimicry?
- Batesian
- Mullerian
- Aggressive
What is the Neutral Population Cycle?
neutral oscillation where amplitude of wavelengths won’t be changing
What is a Type III Functional Response?
A Type III Functional Response is when a predator switches its consumption from one prey species to a more abundant prey species
A Type _____ Functional Response believes that the density of prey is linearly dependent on the amount of prey eaten by the predator
- results in a linear relationship
Type I
A Type ___ Functional Response takes satiation and prey running away into account when discussing the relationship between prey density and prey mortality
- predators cause maximum mortality at low prey density.
Type II
A Type ____ Functional Response displays percentage of prey instead of number, claiming that when theres low amounts of prey the predator will switch to a more abundant prey
Type III
What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?
The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended
the _____ is the tendency fir animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended
Optimal Foraging Strategy
What is the Marginal Value Theorem?
The Marginal Value Theorem determines when a predator should leave a prey patch and move to a new patch
What is a Numerical Response?
A Numerical Response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations
a _____ response is the change in size of a predator population due to changes in size of prey populations
Numerical Response
What is Optimal Foraging Strategy?
The Optimal Foraging Theory is the tendency for animals to harvest food efficiently by selecting prey sizes or food patches that supply maximum prey intake for energy expended
What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?
The Red Queen Hypothesis, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with
the _____, for an evolutionary system, is the continuing development needed to maintain its fitness relative to species that it is coevolving with
Red Queen Hypothesis
What is intraguild predation?
Intraguild Predation is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey
_____ is the consumption of a species that uses the same prey
Intraguild Predation
Describe several different types of prey defenses against predators and give an example of each. (8)
- Chemical Defense
- Camouflage: hiding
- Aggression
- Warning Coloration
- Deceptive Coloration
- Structures: spikes, shells
- Run away
- Flocking
_____ eat meat
Carnivores
_____ eat plants
Herbivores
_____ eat both plants and meat
Omnivores
_____ is eating the same species
Cannibalism
Does cannibalism happen in plants?
NO
What rules might an animal use to make a decision on how long to forage in a give resource path and for how long?
- Prey grow exponentially in the absence of predators
- predators will starve in the absence of prey
- predators can consume infinite numbers of prey
Graphically illustrate an example of the three way interaction between a carnivore, a herbivore and a plant (the world is green hypothesis).
Plants (-)> Herbivores (-)> Predators (+)> plants
Explain how a plant is affected by both direct and indirect interactions in a three way interaction between a carnivore, herbivore and plant.
The herbivores will eat the plants which is a negative. The predators will eat the herbivores which is a negative. However, the predators consumption of the herbivores creates a positive effect for the plants because they are decreasing their level of predation.
Does cannibalism happen in plants?
NO
How can cannibalism lead to equilibrium?
The larger adults eat the babies and smaller ones, getting rid of and preventing population explosions
