Exam 3: Interspecific Competition Flashcards
the _____ is when 2 species that compete for the same resource cannot coexist
- someone is going to win
Competitive Exclusion Principle
What are the 2 types of niches?
- Fundamental Niche
2. Realized Niche
What is a Fundamental Niche?
the total range of environmental conditions
a ____ is the total range of environmental conditions
Fundamental Niche
What is a Realized Niche?
the proportion of fundamental niche space occupied by a population facing competition from populations of other species
a _____ is the proportion of fundamental niche space occupied by a population facing competition from populations of there species
Realized Niche
what is Character Displacement?
the principle that 2 species are more different where they occur together than where they are separated geographically
_____ is the principle that 2 species are more different where they occur together than where they are separated geographically
Character Displacement
what is a Zero growth Isocline?
an isocline along with the net population growth rate is zero
a _____ is an isocline along with the net population growth rate is zero
Zero Growth Isocline
What is competition?
Competition is when one species negatively affects another
- negative, negative
What is predation?
Predation is when one species benefits and the other doesn’t
_____ is when one species negatively affects another
- negative, negative
Competition
_____ is when one species benefits and the other doesnt
- negative, positive
- parasitism
Predation
What is Mutualism?
Mutualism is when both organisms benefit
- positive, positive
_____ is when both organisms benefit
- positive, positive
Mutualism
What is Commensalism?
Commensalism is when one species benefits and the other isn’t affected at all
What is Commensalism?
Commensalism is when one species benefits and the other isn’t affected at all
What are the potential outcomes of competition between 2 species? (4)
- Coexist
- Species 1 outcompetes species 2 (2 goes extinct)
- Species 2 outcompetes species 1 (1 goes extinct)
- Depends on who gets there 1st. one species can reach an abundance that drives the other extinct
What is the Paradox of Plankton?
A small number of resources supports a diverse group of competitors
the ____ says that a small number of resources supports a diverse group of competitors
Paradox of Plankton
What is the R* Rule?
the species that can persist at the lowest level of the most limiting resource will exclude the other species
the _____ says that the species that can persist at the lowest level of the most limiting resource will exclude the other species
R* Rule
What does the Competitive Exclusion Principle assume competition is not influenced by? (4)
- Non-resource factors: temperature
- Temporal environmental variability: change of something in time
- Spatial environmental variability: gradual change in an abiotic factor in time
- multiple resources
What is Temporal Environmental Variability?
a change of something in time
- coexistence relies on non-equilibrium, dynamics
_____ is a change of something in time
Temporal Environmental Variability
What is Spatial Environmental Variability?
a gradual change in an abiotic factor in time
_____ is a gradual change in an abiotic factor in time
Spatial Environmental Variability
What is Resource Partitioning?
when species utilize different resources or the same resources at different times, which allows coexistence
_____ is when species utilize different resources or the same resources at different times, which allows coexistence
Resource Partitioning
What is the Ghost of Competition Past?
because of character displacement, interspecific competition is no longer occurring
_____ means that because of character displacement, interspecific competition is no longer occurring
Ghost of Competition Past
