Animal Adaptations

Question 1

_____ is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in a varying external environment

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

_____ is the limited range of maximum and minimum physiological tolerances in which an organism can operate

Answer 2

Homeostatic Plateau

Question 3

_____ is the property of a control system to use its output as part of input

Answer 3

Feedback

Question 4

_____ Feedback is when deviation in the controlled quantity that is counterbalanced by the control system

Answer 4

Negative Feedback

Question 5

_____ Feedback is when deviation in a controlled quantity is further amplified

Answer 5

Positive Feedback

Question 6

______ is internal heat production

Answer 6

Endothermy

Question 7

_____ is the process of obtaining heat from sources outside the body

Answer 7

Ectothermy

Question 8

_____ are organisms who use endothermy to regulate body temperature

Answer 8

Homeotherms

Question 9

_____ are organisms who use ectothermy to regulate body temperatures

Answer 9

poikilotherms

Question 10

_____ are organisms who use both endo and ectothermy to regulate body temperatures

Answer 10

Heterotrophs

Question 11

_____ Tradeoff is the maintenance of activity despite external conditions, requires substantial amount of energy

Answer 11

Endothermy Tradeoff

Question 12

_____ Tradeoff is the restricted activity to a smaller range of temperatures, energy that would be used for heat production can be used for growth and reproduction

Answer 12

Ectothermy Tradeoff

Question 13

a _____ is the internal mechanisms in organisms used to control the periodicity of various functions or activities

Answer 13

Biological Clock

Question 14

_____ is when organisms adjust to their environment

Answer 14

acclimation

Question 15

_____ is the ability of an organism with a given genotype to change its phenotype in response to changes in its environment

Answer 15

Phenotypic Plastic Response

Question 16

_____ physical arrangement of arteries and veins to allow transfer of heat
- can heat or cool

Answer 16

Countercurrent Heat Exchange

Question 17

_____: a broadly distributed species (for Claude) will have a larger body size at higher (colder) latitudes

Answer 17

Bergman’s Rule

Question 18

larger organisms have (more/less) surface area

Answer 18

more

Question 19

why do small organisms retain less heat?

Answer 19

They have less surface area

Question 20

_____: shorter limbs in colder environments

Answer 20

Allen’s Rule

Question 21

_____ is the study of the relationship between body size and the shape, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of an organism

Answer 21

Allometry

Question 22

_____: because metabolic rate and population density scale allometrically with mass, the energy used by any population will be the same across all animals despite differences in body size
- energy use is invariant with body size

Answer 22

Energetic Equivalence Rule

Question 23

_____ changes with body size

Answer 23

Energy Utilization

Question 24

a _____ is an organism that eats plants

Answer 24

Herbivore

Question 25

a _____ is an organism that only eats meat

Answer 25

Carnivore

Question 26

a _____ is an animal or person that eats plants and animals

Answer 26

Omnivore

Question 27

a _____ is an organism that eats dead/decaying matter

Answer 27

Detrivore

Question 28

_____ are organisms that can make their own sugars and energy

Answer 28

Autotrophs

Question 29

_____ are organisms that need to consume or obtain energy from other organisms

Answer 29

Heterotrophs

Question 30

What are the advantages of tradeoffs? (2)

Answer 30

1. energy conservation: can go directly to growth, reproduction instead of head production
2. activity in varying environmental conditions

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of tradeoffs? (2)

Answer 31

1. activity depends on environmental conditions

2. energy costly

Question 32

_____ is a state of physical inactivity with reduced temperature and metabolic rate

Answer 32

Torpor

Question 33

_____ is an extended period of reduced activity and metabolic rate

Answer 33

Hibernation

Question 34

Which increases much more rapidly? Volume or Surface Area?

Answer 34

Volume

Question 35

What is M^2?

Answer 35

Surface Area

Question 36

What is M^3?

Answer 36

Volume

Question 37

Energy utilized by. a population will = _____ x _____

Answer 37

metabolic rate x density