Exam 3 Practice Questions

Question 1

1. Which of the following does NOT describe a vitamin?
   
   1. They are essential organic substances.
   2. They are fat- or water-soluble.
   3. They are needed in relatively small amounts.
   4. They provide a rich source of energy.

Answer 1

They provide a rich source of energy.

Question 2

1. Rhodopsin, the visual pigment in the retina of the eye, is regenerated when opsin combines with
   1. Retinoic acid
   2. 11-cis-retinal
   3. 13-cis-retinol
   4. Beta-carotene

Answer 2

11-cis-retinal

Question 3

1. A leading cause of blindness in the world today (excluding accidents) is a dietary deficiency of
   
   1. vitamin A
   2. vitamin K
   3. vitamin D
   4. vitamin E

Answer 3

vitamin A

Question 4

1. Of the following, the best source of preformed vitamin A is
   
   1. Fried liver.
   2. Sautéed spinach.
   3. Fresh mango.
   4. Cheddar cheese.

Answer 4

Fried liver.

Question 5

1. As calcium levels in the blood drop below normal, ___________ is released to increase the synthesis of calcitriol.
   
   1. Calcitonin
   2. Thyroid hormone
   3. Parathyroid hormone
   4. Secretin

Answer 5

Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

1. Healthy, light-skinned individuals can make sufficient vitamin D to meet the body’s needs with about ___________of sun exposure on their face, arms, and hands 2 or 3 times per week.
   
   1. 15 minutes
   2. 30 mintues
   3. 60 minutes
   4. 90 minutes

Answer 6

15 minutes

Question 7

1. Vitamin K deficiency is most likely to result from
   
   1. Insufficient sunlight.
   2. kidney disease.
   3. antibiotic therapy.
   4. insufficient intake of dairy products.

Answer 7

antibiotic therapy.

Question 8

1. A primary function of vitamin E is to serve as
   
   1. A coenzyme.
   2. a hormone.
   3. an antioxidant.
   4. a peroxide.

Answer 8

an antioxidant.

Question 9

1. A high intake of vitamin E can
   
   1. Interfere with vitamin K’s blood-clotting activity.
   2. result in lead poisoning.
   3. inhibit copper absorption.
   4. cause atherosclerosis.

Answer 9

Interfere with vitamin K’s blood-clotting activity.

Question 10

1. The most nutrient-dense food sources of vitamin K are
   
   1. whole grain breads and cereals.
   2. green vegetables.
   3. nuts and seeds.
   4. oysters and shellfish.

Answer 10

green vegetables.

Question 11

1. In which of the following metabolic pathways are coenzymes required?
   
   1. glycolysis
   2. Citric acid cycle
   3. beta-oxidation
   4. All of these answers are correct

Answer 11

All of these answers are correct

Question 12

1. Nutritionally, the difference between brown rice and white rice is
   
   1. the presence of bran and germ layers in the brown rice
   2. negligible. There is a little more thiamin in white rice than brown rice.
   3. fiber content. White rice has more fiber.
   4. there is more thiamin and fiber in white rice.

Answer 12

the presence of bran and germ layers in the brown rice

Question 13

1. of the nutrients added to enriched grains typically include
   
   1. all the B vitamins
   2. pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and zinc.
   3. thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid and iron.
   4. thiamin, folic acid, vitamin B-6, and iron.

Answer 13

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid and iron.

Question 14

1. Which of the following foods represents the most nutrient-dense source of riboflavin?
   
   1. Low-fat milk
   2. applesauce
   3. Whole wheat bread
   4. Green leafy vegetables

Answer 14

Low-fat milk

Question 15

1. Niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called
   
   1. Pernicious anemia.
   2. beriberi
   3. pellagra
   4. scurvy

Answer 15

pellagra

Question 16

1. Which of the following B-vitamins is found in the widest variety of foods (i.e., different food groups such as vegetables, grains, meat)?
   
   1. Vitamin C
   2. Vitamin B-12
   3. pantothenic acid
   4. All of these choices are accurate.

Answer 16

pantothenic acid

Question 17

1. Irreversible nerve damage may be caused by excessive intake of _____________ supplements.
   
   1. Vitamin B-12
   2. Vitamin B-6
   3. tryptophan
   4. Vitamin C

Answer 17

Vitamin B-6

Question 18

1. A biochemical function of THFA (tetrahydrofolate) is
   
   1. Transfer of NH2 groups from amino acids to CO2 to form urea.
   2. Transfer of hydrogens and electrons through the various energy-yielding pathways.
   3. Removal of CO2 from various intermediates in the citric acid cycle.
   4. Accepting or donating single-carbon molecules in various metabolic pathways.

Answer 18

Accepting or donating single-carbon molecules in various metabolic pathways.

Question 19

1. Persons who smoke have an increased need for
   
   1. Vitamin C
   2. Vitamin B-12
   3. folate
   4. biotin

Answer 19

Vitamin C

Question 20

1. Vitamin B-12 is found in which of the following foods?
   
   1. Orange juice
   2. chicken
   3. Dark green leafy vegetables
   4. Seed oils

Answer 20

chicken

Question 21

1. The human body has more of this substance (by weight) than any other substance.
   
   1. protein
   2. fat
   3. water
   4. glycogen

Answer 21

water

Question 22

1. When a semipermeable membrane separates two bodies of fluid,
   
   1. dissolved particles can pass through the membrane.
   2. water can pass through the membrane.
   3. water cannot pass through the membrane.
   4. none of these choices are accurate.

Answer 22

water can pass through the membrane.

Question 23

1. Which of the following fluids is NOT classified as extracellular fluid?
   
   1. tears
   2. lymph
   3. blood
   4. All of the fluids listed are extracellular.

Answer 23

All of the fluids listed are extracellular.

Question 24

1. Who should be concerned about dehydration?
   
   1. The child who is ill with fever or diarrhea
   2. The traveler on a less than hour airplane flight
   3. The athlete participating in a vigorous sport
   4. The elderly man in a nursing home.

Answer 24

The traveler on a less than hour airplane flight

Question 25

1. Compared to dry environments, evaporation of sweat is ___________in humid evnironments, resulting in _________body cooling.
   
   1. reduced; more
   2. reduced; less
   3. increased; more
   4. Increased; less

Answer 25

reduced; less

Question 26

1. Extra water losses from heavy sweating or diarrhea will typically result in
   
   1. Decreased water loss from the lungs.
   2. Decreased urine output.
   3. Increased urine output.
   4. No change in urine output.

Answer 26

Decreased urine output.

Question 27

1. Which of the following foods has the highest percent of total weight as water?
   
   1. lettuce
   2. bread
   3. cheese
   4. steak

Answer 27

lettuce

Question 28

1. Renin, released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure, acts on ____________ produced in the liver. This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of __________ in the adrenal glands.
   
   1. angiotensin II; renin
   2. Aldosterone; angiotensin
   3. Angiotensin; aldosterone
   4. Antidiuretic hormone; osmosis

Answer 28

Angiotensin; aldosterone

Question 29

1. Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________________.
   
   1. hypernatremia
   2. hyperkalemia
   3. hyponatremia
   4. ADH syndrome

Answer 29

hyponatremia

Question 30

1. Aldosterone increases?
   
   1. potassium retention by the kidneys.
   2. water excretion by the kidneys.
   3. sodium absorption by the intestinal villi.
   4. sodium retention by the kidneys.

Answer 30

sodium retention by the kidneys.

Question 31

1. Most of the iron in the body is found as a part of
   
   1. ferritin.
   2. hemoglobin.
   3. albumin.
   4. hemosiderin.

Answer 31

hemoglobin.

Question 32

1. Which type of dietary iron is most efficiently absorbed?
   
   1. non-heme iron
   2. elemental iron
   3. heme-iron.
   4. All these forms of iron are absorbed equally.

Answer 32

heme-iron.

Question 33

1. Which of the following factors increases iron absorption?
   
   1. High intakes of zinc.
   2. increased need for iron.
   3. high stores of iron.
   4. low gastric acidity.

Answer 33

increased need for iron.

Question 34

1. In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as?
   
   1. microcytic and hypochromic.
   2. macrocytic and normochromic.
   3. normocytic and hyperchromic.
   4. microcytic and hyperchromic.

Answer 34

microcytic and hypochromic.

Question 35

1. Dietary zinc absorption is increased by
   
   1. phytic acid.
   2. zinc deficiency.
   3. ferritin status.
   4. the amount of vitamin C in the diet.

Answer 35

zinc deficiency.

Question 36

1. Fluoride is typically provided by sources such as
   
   1. toothpaste.
   2. fluoride treatments by the dentist.
   3. drinking water.
   4. All of these choices are accurate.

Answer 36

All of these choices are accurate.

Question 37

1. A deficiency of dietary iodine is characterized by
   
   1. osteoporosis.
   2. goiter.
   3. dental carries.
   4. decreased glucose tolerance.

Answer 37

goiter.

Question 38

1. The amount of selenium in foods
   
   1. is consistently high in plant-based foods.
   2. will depend on the total amount of other minerals in the food.
   3. depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown.
   4. depends on the type of water used to irrigate crops.

Answer 38

depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown.

Question 39

1. Individuals with Wilson’s disease overaccumulate ________ in the liver and brain.
   
   1. iodine.
   2. selenium.
   3. copper.
   4. manganese.

Answer 39

copper.

Question 40

1. The enzyme superoxide dismutase contains both copper and zinc. The function of this enzyme is
   
   1. to decrease serum cholesterol levels.
   2. To protect an individual from developing night blindness.
   3. To prevent GI reflux and symptoms of heartburn.
   4. To act as a scavenger of free radicles, thus protecting the lipid component of the cell.

Answer 40

To act as a scavenger of free radicles, thus protecting the lipid component of the cell.