Exam 2 Practice Questions Flashcards
1
Q
- The enzyme sucrase breaks down sucrose into________________.
- glucose + glucose
- glucose + maltose
- glucose + fructose
- glucose + galactose
A
glucose + fructose
2
Q
- Humans can digest a carbohydrate easier if the glucose bond is ________________.
- a peptide
- a beta bond
- an alpha bond
- a gamma bond
A
an alpha bond
3
Q
- The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum is ____________.
- high fructose corn syrup
- dextrin
- sorbitol
- invert sugar
A
sorbitol
4
Q
- The principal disaccharide sugar found in milk is ____________________.
- sucrose
- lactose
- galactose
- maltose
A
lactose
5
Q
- Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ______________.
- the liver
- muscle tissue
- brain cells
- the pancreas
A
the liver
6
Q
- The main function of dietary carbohydrate is to provide ____________>
A.bulk in the diet.
B. Energy
C.sweetness in foods
D.satiety
A
B. Energy
7
Q
- Dietary sugars and starches are called “protein sparing,” which means _________ .
- sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to protein synthesis
- dietary proteins can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
- sugars and starches are converted to fate, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar
- sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies
A
dietary proteins can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
8
Q
- The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ____________.
- raffinose
- amylose
- soluble fiber
- insoluble fiber
A
insoluble fiber
9
Q
- When increasing fiber intake, always ___________.
- take a multivitamin
- increase fluid intake also
- increase protein intake also
- eat simple carbohydrates
A
increase fluid intake also
10
Q
- While ____________ suppresses gluconeogensis, ________________ increases glycogen breakdown.
- glucagon; insulin
- insulin; glucagon
- insulin; glucose
- glucagon; cortisol
A
insulin; glucagon
11
Q
- All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as _________.
A. anabolism
B. catabolism
C. metabolism.
D. homeostasis.
A
C. metabolism.
12
Q
- When a compound is reduced it ________ one or more electrons.
A. loses
B. gains
C. transforms - D. creates
A
B. gains
13
Q
- In the absence of oxygen, ________ respiration will occur.
- active
- anaerobic
- aerobic
- inactive
A
anaerobic
14
Q
- Glycolysis begins with ______________ and ends with _____________.
- pyruvate; water
- pyruvate; glucose
- glucose; pyruvate
- pyruvate; acetyl-CoA
A
glucose; pyruvate
15
Q
- When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______________ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD+.
- glucose-6-phosphate
- pyruvate
- glycogen
- lactate
A
lactate
16
Q
- The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ___________ .
- requires the addition of CO2
- occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible
- occurs in the cytosol of the cell
- is needed for red blood cell production
A
occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible
17
Q
- The major end products of the electron transport chain are __________________.
- water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
- glucose and amino acids
- urea and ammonia
- carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen
A
water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
18
Q
- In fatty acid synthesis, the “starting” molecule is _________________.
- glycerol
- ATP
- acetyl-CoA
- pyruvate
A
acetyl-CoA
19
Q
- After a person has fasted for about a week, the brain adapts to using _____________ for about 50% of its fuel needs.
- glycerol
- fatty acids
- amino acids
- ketones
A
ketones
20
Q
- Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons) that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called____________.
- Ketogenic amino acids
- glucogenic amino acids
- essential amino acids
- Non-essential amino acids
A
glucogenic amino acids
21
Q
Sucrose=
A
Glucose + Fructose
22
Q
Lactose=
A
Glucose + Galactose
23
Q
Maltose=
A
Glucose + Glucose
24
Q
Parts of a grain

A

25

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27
Delta System: For delta nomenclature you need to know 3 things:
1. Number of carbons in the fatty acid
2. Number of double bonds
3. Number of carbons from the carboxylic (alpha) end to the first carbon in the double bonds
28
Omega System: For omega nomenclature, you need to know 3 things:
1. Number of carbons in the fatty acid
2. Number of double bonds
3. Number of carbons from the methyl end (aka Omega end) to the first carbon in the double bond closest to the methyl end
29
