Exam 2 Practice Questions

Question 1

1. The enzyme sucrase breaks down sucrose into________________.
   
   1. glucose + glucose
   2. glucose + maltose
   3. glucose + fructose
   4. glucose + galactose

Answer 1

glucose + fructose

Question 2

1. Humans can digest a carbohydrate easier if the glucose bond is ________________.
   
   1. a peptide
   2. a beta bond
   3. an alpha bond
   4. a gamma bond

Answer 2

an alpha bond

Question 3

1. The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum is ____________.
   
   1. high fructose corn syrup
   2. dextrin
   3. sorbitol
   4. invert sugar

Answer 3

sorbitol

Question 4

1. The principal disaccharide sugar found in milk is ____________________.
   
   1. sucrose
   2. lactose
   3. galactose
   4. maltose

Answer 4

lactose

Question 5

1. Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ______________.
   
   1. the liver
   2. muscle tissue
   3. brain cells
   4. the pancreas

Answer 5

the liver

Question 6

1. The main function of dietary carbohydrate is to provide ____________>

A.bulk in the diet.

B. Energy

C.sweetness in foods

D.satiety

Answer 6

B. Energy

Question 7

1. Dietary sugars and starches are called “protein sparing,” which means _________ .
   
   1. sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to protein synthesis
   2. dietary proteins can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
   3. sugars and starches are converted to fate, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar
   4. sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies

Answer 7

dietary proteins can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy

Question 8

1. The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ____________.
   
   1. raffinose
   2. amylose
   3. soluble fiber
   4. insoluble fiber

Answer 8

insoluble fiber

Question 9

1. When increasing fiber intake, always ___________.
   
   1. take a multivitamin
   2. increase fluid intake also
   3. increase protein intake also
   4. eat simple carbohydrates

Answer 9

increase fluid intake also

Question 10

1. While ____________ suppresses gluconeogensis, ________________ increases glycogen breakdown.
   
   1. glucagon; insulin
   2. insulin; glucagon
   3. insulin; glucose
   4. glucagon; cortisol

Answer 10

insulin; glucagon

Question 11

1. All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as _________.
   A. anabolism

B. catabolism

C. metabolism.

D. homeostasis.

Answer 11

C. metabolism.

Question 12

1. When a compound is reduced it ________ one or more electrons.
   A. loses
   B. gains
   C. transforms
2. D. creates

Answer 12

B. gains

Question 13

1. In the absence of oxygen, ________ respiration will occur.
   
   1. active
   2. anaerobic
   3. aerobic
   4. inactive

Answer 13

anaerobic

Question 14

1. Glycolysis begins with ______________ and ends with _____________.
   
   1. pyruvate; water
   2. pyruvate; glucose
   3. glucose; pyruvate
   4. pyruvate; acetyl-CoA

Answer 14

glucose; pyruvate

Question 15

1. When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______________ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD⁺.
   
   1. glucose-6-phosphate
   2. pyruvate
   3. glycogen
   4. lactate

Answer 15

lactate

Question 16

1. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ___________ .
   
   1. requires the addition of CO₂
   2. occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible
   3. occurs in the cytosol of the cell
   4. is needed for red blood cell production

Answer 16

occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible

Question 17

1. The major end products of the electron transport chain are __________________.
   
   1. water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
   2. glucose and amino acids
   3. urea and ammonia
   4. carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen

Answer 17

water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Question 18

1. In fatty acid synthesis, the “starting” molecule is _________________.
   
   1. glycerol
   2. ATP
   3. acetyl-CoA
   4. pyruvate

Answer 18

acetyl-CoA

Question 19

1. After a person has fasted for about a week, the brain adapts to using _____________ for about 50% of its fuel needs.
   
   1. glycerol
   2. fatty acids
   3. amino acids
   4. ketones

Answer 19

ketones

Question 20

1. Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons) that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called____________.
   
   1. Ketogenic amino acids
   2. glucogenic amino acids
   3. essential amino acids
   4. Non-essential amino acids

Answer 20

glucogenic amino acids

Question 21

Sucrose=

Answer 21

Glucose + Fructose

Question 22

Lactose=

Answer 22

Glucose + Galactose

Question 23

Maltose=

Answer 23

Glucose + Glucose

Question 24

Parts of a grain

Answer 24

Question 25

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Delta System: For delta nomenclature you need to know 3 things:

Answer 27

1. Number of carbons in the fatty acid
2. Number of double bonds
3. Number of carbons from the carboxylic (alpha) end to the first carbon in the double bonds

Question 28

Omega System: For omega nomenclature, you need to know 3 things:

Answer 28

1. Number of carbons in the fatty acid
2. Number of double bonds
3. Number of carbons from the methyl end (aka Omega end) to the first carbon in the double bond closest to the methyl end

Question 29