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Motor Speech Disorders > Exam 3 - Hypokinetic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Hypokinetic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

neurological basis of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

basal ganglia

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2
Q

common speech characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

harsh or breathy vocal quality
reduced vocal loudness
abnormal speaking rates

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3
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria most evident in these subsystems:

A

phonation
articulation
prosody

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4
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria is unique bc only dysarthria with:

A

INCREASED rate of speech
mainly one cause: parkinsonism

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5
Q

mainly one cause of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

parkinsonism

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6
Q

hypokinetic means

A

less motion

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7
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria has reduced movement, but NOT

A

reduced tone

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8
Q

reduced movement includes

A

shuffling gate
masked facies
reduced eye blinking

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9
Q

role of basal ganglia

A

smooth/refine + postural support

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10
Q

primary characteristics of parkinsonism

A

resting tremor
brady kinesia
rigidity
spasticity
akinesia
disturbances of postural reflexes

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11
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow + reduced movement (shuffling gate, micrographia)

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12
Q

akinesia

A

delay/pause before response

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13
Q

causes of parkinsonism

A

dysfunction in basal ganglia
***imbalance in dopamine and acetylcholine

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14
Q

reduction in dopamine causes

A

too much acetylcholine

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15
Q

decreased dopamine levels result in

A

spasticity and rigidity of muscles

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16
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

dopamine

17
Q

excitatory neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

18
Q

major causes of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

idiopathic parkinson’s disease
neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (psych-med induced)
postencephalitic parkinsonism (viral)

19
Q

less common causes of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

traumatic head injury
toxic metal poisoning
stroke

20
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria non-speech symptoms

A

tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
akinesia
disturbed postural reflexes

21
Q

prosody of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

monopitch
reduced stress
monoloudness
short phrases
rushed-sounding speech

22
Q

articulation of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

imprecise consonants
repeated phonemes
palilalia

23
Q

phonation of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

harsh/breathy
aphonia
low pitch

24
Q

respiration of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

sometimes noted

25
Q

resonance of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

if present, mild hypernasality

26
Q

eval for hypokinetic dysarthria

A

oral mech exam
vowel prolongations
DDKs
conversation speech and reading

27
Q

Pharmacologic Tx of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

L-Dopa (levodopa) - precursor of dopamine
anticholinergic drugs - decrease acetylcholine activity

28
Q

surgical Tx of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

deep brain stimulation
stem cell implantation - more research needed

29
Q

behavioral Tx of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

Speech therapy

30
Q

behavioral Tx for parkinsonism

A

behavior/instrumentation based tasks important part of clinical treatment plan
articulation
phonation
respiration
prosody

31
Q

most common articulation deficit of parkinsonism

A

imprecise consonants d/t reduced range of motion in articulators
*can be compounded by increased rate

32
Q

articulation Tx of parkinsonism

A

rate reduction
stretching
traditional articulation tasks

33
Q

phonation Tx of parkinsonism

A

pushing/pulling procedure (increase force)
hard glottal attack
voice amplifiers
instrumental biofeedback
LSVT
Speak out

34
Q

why harsh/breathy vocal quality w hypokinetic dysarthria

A

vocal folds adduct only partially
+ possible poor respiratory support

35
Q

respiration Tx of parkinsonism

A

speaking immediately on exhalation
cueing for complete inhalation
slow and controlled exhalation
stop phonation early
optimal breath group
respiratory muscle strength training (RMST)

36
Q

prosody Tx of parkinsonism

A

slowing rate
intonation profiles
contrastive stress drills
chunking utterances into syntactic units

37
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria is closely associated with

A

parkinsonism

38
Q

most common cause of hypokinetic dysarthria

A

idiopathic parkinson’s disease

39
Q

SUMMARY: hypokinetic dysarthria Tx involves targeting:

A

articulatory precision
increasing phonatory effort
promoting more natural prosody
rate control tasks

Motor Speech Disorders (14 decks)

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