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Motor Speech Disorders > Exam 1 - Review > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Review Flashcards

1
Q

dysarthria

A

impaired production of speech due to disturbances in muscular control

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2
Q

apraxia

A

deficit in the ability to smoothly sequence the speech producing movements

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3
Q

aphasia

A

affects someone’s ability to understand or express language

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4
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves
autonomic
somatic

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6
Q

lateral fissure

A

supra marginal gyrus
Heschel’s gyrus is within

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7
Q

central sulcus

A

extends from top of hemisphere down to lateral sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobes

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8
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor
primary motor strip

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9
Q

post central gyrus

A

sensory

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10
Q

third frontal convolution

A

Broca’s

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11
Q

afferent nerves

A

Arrive
SENSORY

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12
Q

efferent nerves

A

Exit
MOTOR

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

dorsal to brainstem
coordinates movement

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14
Q

subdivisions of brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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15
Q

contains cranial nerve nuclei

A

brainstem

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16
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

medulla

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17
Q

cortical lobes

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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18
Q

frontal lobe

A

MOTOR cortex

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19
Q

parietal

A

SENSORY cortex

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20
Q

occipital

A

VISUAL cortex

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21
Q

temporal

A

primary AUDITORY cortex

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22
Q

structure associated with parkinson’s and huntington’s

A

basal ganglia

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23
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons found in the CNS

24
Q

nerves

A

bundles of axons found in the PNS

25
Q

motor unit

A

single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

26
Q

myelin

A

covers axons
lipid protein membrane

27
Q

2 major neurotransmitters important for movement

A

acetylcholine
dopamine

28
Q

neurotransmitter important for basal ganglia

29
Q

neurotransmitter important for neuromuscular junction

A

acetylcholine

30
Q

disease associated with neurotransmitter malfunction at the neuromuscular junction

A

myasthenia gravis

31
Q

disease associated with damaged myelin

A

multiple sclerosis

32
Q

UMN =

33
Q

LMN =

34
Q

major symptoms of UMN damage

A

flaccid dysarthria

35
Q

major symptoms of LMN damage

A

spastic dysarthria

36
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

point where axons of LMN make synaptic connections with muscle cells

37
Q

pyramidal system

A

direct activation
conscious
voluntary movements

38
Q

exta-pyramidal system

A

INdirect activation
unconscious
postural support

39
Q

12 CNs

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

40
Q

sensory nerve for vision

41
Q

motor nerves for eyes

A

CN 3, 4, 6

42
Q

bilateral UMN & LMN damage (jaw)

A

jaw hangs open

43
Q

unilateral jaw damage

A

jaw moves to side of damage

44
Q

cranial nerve VII (facial) damage (lips)

A

lips protrude to side of weakness

45
Q

unilateral LMN damage (tongue)

A

tongue moves to side of damage

46
Q

unilateral CN X damage (palate)

A

only healthy side raises

47
Q

damage to CN X laryngeal branches produces

A

breathiness
reduced intensity
poor glottal closure
reduced frequency variation
possible stridor
palatal dysfunction

48
Q

TWO goals of evaluation

A

understand the patient’s problem
determine beginning level of treatment

49
Q

speech subsystems tested

A

respiration
phonation
resonance
articulation
prosody

50
Q

non speech tasks

A

can observe isolated muscle groups
strength, ROM, coordination

51
Q

test V & VIII

A

face
lips
jaw

52
Q

test XII

A

tongue
lips

53
Q

test X

A

velum elevation /a/
pharyngeal gag reflex
Plosive and/or fricative precision (e.g., do /t/ and /p/ become /n/ and /m/)

54
Q

standardized tests for dysarthria

A

frenchay dysarthria Ax-2
Ax of intelligibility of dysarthric speech
speech intelligibility test for windows

55
Q

standardized test for apraxia

A

apraxia battery for adults 2nd edition

56
Q

intelligibility

A

Extent to which an acoustic signal can be recovered by a listener

57
Q

comprehensability

A

Extent to which a listener understands a speaker in a communicative context

Motor Speech Disorders (14 decks)

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