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Motor Speech Disorders > Exam 1 - CH 1-2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - CH 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

rostral

A

up (towards the nose)

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2
Q

caudal

A

down (towards tail)

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3
Q

dorsal

A

back (posterior)

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4
Q

ventral

A

front (anterior)

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5
Q

midsagittal

A

divides brain into left and right halves along the midline

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6
Q

sagittal

A

divides brain into left and right sections that are not necessarily equal

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7
Q

coronal

A

divides front from back

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8
Q

horizontal (transverse)

A

divides top from bottom

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9
Q

flexion

A

decrease the angle of limb segments around a joint

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10
Q

extension

A

increase angle of limb segments around a joint

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11
Q

adduction

A

movement towards the body’s central axis

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12
Q

abduction

A

movement away from central axis

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13
Q

pronate

A

body face down

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14
Q

supinate

A

body face up

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15
Q

acute

A

evolve over minutes to hours

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16
Q

subacute

A

evolve over days to weeks

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17
Q

chronic

A

develop or continue over long term

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18
Q

motor

A

part of motor system that controls motor movements

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19
Q

speech

A

communication through use of vocal symbols

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20
Q

disorders

A

abnormality of function

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21
Q

MSDs

A

a collection of speech production deficits caused by abnormal functioning of the motor system

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22
Q

how many types of dysarthria and apraxia

A

7 dysarthria
1 apraxia

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23
Q

dysarthria

A

impaired production of speech due to disturbances in muscular control of speech mechanism

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24
Q

dysarthria can affect:

A

articulation
respiration
prosody
resonance
phonation

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25
Q

apraxia

A

deficit in the ability to smoothly sequence the speech producing movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other parts of the speech mechanism

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26
Q

apraxia primarily affects:

A

articulation
prosody

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27
Q

apraxia occurs frequently when:

A

left hemisphere of the brain is damaged

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28
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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29
Q

PNS

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

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30
Q

sensory =

A

afferent
arrives

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31
Q

motor =

A

efferent
exits

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32
Q

brain divided into:

A

cerebrum
brainstem
cerebellum

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33
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part
split into 2 parts by longitudinal fissure

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34
Q

4 lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

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35
Q

prominent sulci in cerebrum

A

lateral
central

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36
Q

prominent gyri in cerebrum

A

precentral (frontal - motor)
postcentral (sensory)

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37
Q

cerebral cortex

A

gray matter
performs higher cognitive activities: language, motor planning, problem solving, sensory perception

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38
Q

most rostral lobe

A

frontal

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39
Q

largest lobe

A

frontal

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40
Q

motor cortex and most associated with high level abstract thinking

A

frontal

41
Q

premotor cortex

A

planning and coordinating skilled movement

42
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

cog functioning (reasoning, abstract thinking, self monitoring, advance planning)

43
Q

broca’s

A

anterior speech language area

44
Q

middle posterior surface above brain, above temporal lobe

A

parietal

45
Q

sensory cortex for touch temp and sensory functions

A

parietal

46
Q

post central gyrus

A

parietal
primary sensory cortex

47
Q

supra marginal gyrus

A

parietal
right at posterior end of lateral fissure

48
Q

angular gyrus

A

near intersection of parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe

49
Q

lesions in the angular gyrus produce:

A

alexia
agraphia
acalculia

50
Q

bounded superiorly by lateral fissure

A

temporal lobe

51
Q

Heschel’s gyrus

A

Temporal lobe
within lateral fissure
primary auditory cortex
each side receives projections from both

52
Q

wernicke’s area

A

posterior section of superior temporal gyrus of language dominant hemisphere

53
Q

language association cortex, responsible for interpretation of speech sounds

A

temporal

54
Q

visual cortex

A

occipital lobe

55
Q

brainstem: top to bottom

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

56
Q

between cerebrum and spinal cord

A

brainstem

57
Q

cranial nerve nuclei

A

points where cranial nerves attach to brainstem

58
Q

damage ABOVE medulla

A

opposite side affected

59
Q

damage BELOW medulla

A

same side affected

60
Q

brainstem controls:

A

breathing, swallowing, HR, BP

61
Q

brainstem acts as passageway for

A

descending and ascending neural tracts that travel between cerebrum and spinal cord

62
Q

conveys motor impulses from CNS to muscles of larynx, face, tongue, pharynx, velum

A

brainstem

63
Q

ataxia

A

damage to cerebellum

64
Q

cerebellum function

A

balance and coordination

65
Q

attached to back of brainstem

A

cerebellum

66
Q

makes neural connections with cerebral cortex and many other parts of CNS

A

cerebellum

67
Q

3 primary parts of neurons

A

cell body (soma)
dendrites
axon

68
Q

demylination

A

MS

69
Q

myelin sheath

A

helps protect nerve impulse

70
Q

tracts

A

bundles of axons found in the CNS

71
Q

nerves

A

bundles axons found in the PNS

72
Q

neurotransmitters

A

small substance released at end points once charge reaches axon’s terminal ramifications

73
Q

2 important neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine
dopamine

74
Q

means by which neural impulses are transmitted from one part of the nervous system to another

A

neurons

75
Q

primitive brain

A

brainstem

76
Q

little brain

A

cerebellum

77
Q

dendrites vs axons

A

dendrites (afferent)
axon (efferent)

78
Q

PNS subdivides into

A

somatic
autonomic

79
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

medulla

80
Q

third frontal convolution

A

broca’s area

81
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor

82
Q

post central gyrus

A

sensory

83
Q

damage to basal ganglia

A

parkinsons
huntingtons

84
Q

damage to cerebellum

A

ataxia
intention tremor
dysmetria

85
Q

function of thalamus

A

major subcortical sensory structure
sensory relay station

86
Q

major symptoms of LMN damage?

A

weakness/paralysis
flaccid dysarthria

87
Q

major symptoms of UMN damage?

A

spastic dysarthria

88
Q

UMN =

A

CNS

89
Q

LMN =

A

PNS

90
Q

role of the cerebral cortex

A

motor planning
language
problem solving
sensory perception

91
Q

what CN are important for speech?

A

5, 7, 9, 11, 12

92
Q

what CN processes vision?

A

CN 2

93
Q

ptosis demonstrates difficulty with which CN?

A

CN 3

94
Q

A negative babinski reflex indicate which of the following?

A

desired response

95
Q

function of basal ganglia

A

motor

96
Q

function of thalamus

A

sensory

96
Q

standardized apraxia test

A

apraxia battery for adults

96
Q

simplified speech test

A

vowel prolongation

96
Q

What is the correct order subsystem-specific interventions

A

respiration, phonation, resonation/velopharyngeal function, and articulation.

Motor Speech Disorders (14 decks)

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