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Motor Speech Disorders > Exam 2 - Spastic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Spastic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

neurologic basis of spastic dysarthria

A

bilateral damage to UMN tracts

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2
Q

UMN tracts

A

pyramidal & extra pyramidal

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3
Q

spastic dysarthria occurs from:

A

bilateral UMN damage

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3
Q

pyramidal system

A

damage can result in weak/slow movements

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4
Q

extra pyramidal system

A

damage can result in weakness, increased muscle tone and abnormal reflexes

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5
Q

increased muscle tone

A

spasticity

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6
Q

+ babinski sign

A

abnormal reflexes

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7
Q

causes of spastic dysarthria

A

strokes
degenerative diseases
traumatic head injury
infections of brain tissues

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8
Q

any injury that causes BIlateral damage to UMNS of pyramidal and extra pyramidal systems

A

spastic dysarthria

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9
Q

most common cause of spastic dysarthria

A

stroke

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10
Q

will result in spastic dysarthria only when:

A

2 or more strokes occur in certain combinations in the cerebrum OR
a single stroke occurs in the brainstem

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11
Q

degenerative diseases

A

primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

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12
Q

degenerative diseases eventually affect:

A

both UMN and LMN

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13
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

suspected immunological disorder resulting in inflammation or complete destruction of myelin sheath covering axons

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14
Q

consistencies between spastic paralysis and spastic dysarthria

A

spasticity - increased muscle tone
weakness of muscles
reduced ROM
slowness of movement

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15
Q

speech errors in spastic dysarthria result of:

A

spasticity
slowness
weakness in vocal tract muscles

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16
Q

speech characteristics of spastic dysarthria

A

articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody usually affected more than respiration

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17
Q

articulation

A

imprecise consonant production
vowel distortions/errors

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18
Q

imprecise consonant result of:

A

abnormally short voice onset time for voiceless consonants
incomplete articulatory contact
imprecise consonant clusters

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19
Q

most common articulation error

A

imprecise consonant production

20
Q

phonation

A

harsh vocal quality
strained-strangled vocal quality
low pitch

21
Q

harsh vocal quality

A

occurs when air leaks through partially open glottis during phonation

22
Q

strained-strangled vocal quality

A

tight hyperadduction of vocal folds

23
Q

low pitch

A

could be result of increased muscle tone in larynx

24
Q

most common phonatory error

A

harsh vocal quality

25
Q

resonance

A

hypernasality

26
Q

hypernasality is caused by:

A

spasticity in velar muscles, which slows and reduces range of soft palate movement > incomplete velopharyngeal closure during non-nasal speech sounds

27
Q

prosody

A

monopitch
monoloudness
short phrases
slow rate of speech

28
Q

monopitch

A

caused by tenseness of laryngeal muscles, resulting reduced ability to contract/relax at normal rates to vary pitch

29
Q

monoloudness

A

causes by increased muscle tone in laryngeal muscles resulting in difficulty modulating subglottic pressure for loudness

30
Q

short phrases

A

natural consequence of speaking through abnormally tight larynx

31
Q

slow rate of speech

A

causes by reduced speed and artiuclator ROM

32
Q

respiration

A

problems of respiration not major in spastic dysarthria

33
Q

important non speech symptoms of spastic dysarthria

A

pseudobulbar affect
drooling
hyperreflexes
increased muscle tone

34
Q

key evaluation tasks for spastic dysarthria

A

oral mech exam
vowel prolongation
DDKs
conversational speech and reading

35
Q

primary treatment goals for spastic dysarthria target:

A

phonation
articulation
prosody
resonance

36
Q

usually not significantly affected in spastic dysarthria:

A

RESPIRATION

37
Q

treatment of phonation deficits

A

head and neck relaxation
easy onset of phonation
yawn-sigh exercises

38
Q

treatment of articulation deficits

A

stretching exercises to reduce spasticity of articulators
traditional articulation exercises

39
Q

help patient regain vocal tract flexibility needed to appropriately vary pitch and loudness

A

treatment of prosody deficits

40
Q

treatment of prosody deficits

A

pitch range exercises
intonation profiles
contrastive stress drills
chunking utterances into syntactic units

41
Q

treatment of resonance deficits

A

surgical and prosthetic treatment
decreasing velar hypertonicity
behavioral based treatments

42
Q

surgical and prosthetic treatments of resonance

A

pharyngeal flap procedure
teflon injections
palatal lift

43
Q

most common surgical treatment of resonance

A

palatal lift

44
Q

behavioral based treatments of resonance

A

visual feedback
reduce rate of speech
increase loudness

45
Q

spastic dysarthria caused by:

A

bilateral UMN damage (pyramidal and extra pyramidal systems)

46
Q

spastic dysarthria results in:

A

muscle weakness and slowness of articulators during speech
increased muscle tone or spasticity

47
Q

spastic dysarthria is characterized by:

A

imprecise consonants
mono pitch
mono loudness
hypernasality
harsh/strained vocal quality

48
Q

treatment of spastic dysarthria:

A

concentrates on reducing increased muscle tone by relaxation and stretching and traditional articulation exervcises

Motor Speech Disorders (14 decks)

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