Exam 2 - Spastic Dysarthria

Question 1

neurologic basis of spastic dysarthria

Answer 1

bilateral damage to UMN tracts

Question 2

UMN tracts

Answer 2

pyramidal & extra pyramidal

Question 3

spastic dysarthria occurs from:

Answer 3

bilateral UMN damage

Question 3

pyramidal system

Answer 3

damage can result in weak/slow movements

Question 4

extra pyramidal system

Answer 4

damage can result in weakness, increased muscle tone and abnormal reflexes

Question 5

increased muscle tone

Answer 5

spasticity

Question 6

+ babinski sign

Answer 6

abnormal reflexes

Question 7

causes of spastic dysarthria

Answer 7

strokes
degenerative diseases
traumatic head injury
infections of brain tissues

Question 8

any injury that causes BIlateral damage to UMNS of pyramidal and extra pyramidal systems

Answer 8

spastic dysarthria

Question 9

most common cause of spastic dysarthria

Answer 9

stroke

Question 10

will result in spastic dysarthria only when:

Answer 10

2 or more strokes occur in certain combinations in the cerebrum OR
a single stroke occurs in the brainstem

Question 11

degenerative diseases

Answer 11

primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)
amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 12

degenerative diseases eventually affect:

Answer 12

both UMN and LMN

Question 13

multiple sclerosis

Answer 13

suspected immunological disorder resulting in inflammation or complete destruction of myelin sheath covering axons

Question 14

consistencies between spastic paralysis and spastic dysarthria

Answer 14

spasticity - increased muscle tone
weakness of muscles
reduced ROM
slowness of movement

Question 15

speech errors in spastic dysarthria result of:

Answer 15

spasticity
slowness
weakness in vocal tract muscles

Question 16

speech characteristics of spastic dysarthria

Answer 16

articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody usually affected more than respiration

Question 17

articulation

Answer 17

imprecise consonant production
vowel distortions/errors

Question 18

imprecise consonant result of:

Answer 18

abnormally short voice onset time for voiceless consonants
incomplete articulatory contact
imprecise consonant clusters

Question 19

most common articulation error

Answer 19

imprecise consonant production

Question 20

phonation

Answer 20

harsh vocal quality
strained-strangled vocal quality
low pitch

Question 21

harsh vocal quality

Answer 21

occurs when air leaks through partially open glottis during phonation

Question 22

strained-strangled vocal quality

Answer 22

tight hyperadduction of vocal folds

Question 23

low pitch

Answer 23

could be result of increased muscle tone in larynx

Question 24

most common phonatory error

Answer 24

harsh vocal quality

Question 25

resonance

Answer 25

hypernasality

Question 26

hypernasality is caused by:

Answer 26

spasticity in velar muscles, which slows and reduces range of soft palate movement > incomplete velopharyngeal closure during non-nasal speech sounds

Question 27

prosody

Answer 27

monopitch monoloudness short phrases slow rate of speech

Question 28

monopitch

Answer 28

caused by tenseness of laryngeal muscles, resulting reduced ability to contract/relax at normal rates to vary pitch

Question 29

monoloudness

Answer 29

causes by increased muscle tone in laryngeal muscles resulting in difficulty modulating subglottic pressure for loudness

Question 30

short phrases

Answer 30

natural consequence of speaking through abnormally tight larynx

Question 31

slow rate of speech

Answer 31

causes by reduced speed and artiuclator ROM

Question 32

respiration

Answer 32

problems of respiration not major in spastic dysarthria

Question 33

important non speech symptoms of spastic dysarthria

Answer 33

pseudobulbar affect drooling hyperreflexes increased muscle tone

Question 34

key evaluation tasks for spastic dysarthria

Answer 34

oral mech exam vowel prolongation DDKs conversational speech and reading

Question 35

primary treatment goals for spastic dysarthria target:

Answer 35

phonation articulation prosody resonance

Question 36

usually not significantly affected in spastic dysarthria:

Answer 36

RESPIRATION

Question 37

treatment of phonation deficits

Answer 37

head and neck relaxation easy onset of phonation yawn-sigh exercises

Question 38

treatment of articulation deficits

Answer 38

stretching exercises to reduce spasticity of articulators traditional articulation exercises

Question 39

help patient regain vocal tract flexibility needed to appropriately vary pitch and loudness

Answer 39

treatment of prosody deficits

Question 40

treatment of prosody deficits

Answer 40

pitch range exercises intonation profiles contrastive stress drills chunking utterances into syntactic units

Question 41

treatment of resonance deficits

Answer 41

surgical and prosthetic treatment decreasing velar hypertonicity behavioral based treatments

Question 42

surgical and prosthetic treatments of resonance

Answer 42

pharyngeal flap procedure teflon injections palatal lift

Question 43

most common surgical treatment of resonance

Answer 43

palatal lift

Question 44

behavioral based treatments of resonance

Answer 44

visual feedback reduce rate of speech increase loudness

Question 45

spastic dysarthria caused by:

Answer 45

bilateral UMN damage (pyramidal and extra pyramidal systems)

Question 46

spastic dysarthria results in:

Answer 46

muscle weakness and slowness of articulators during speech increased muscle tone or spasticity

Question 47

spastic dysarthria is characterized by:

Answer 47

imprecise consonants mono pitch mono loudness hypernasality harsh/strained vocal quality

Question 48

treatment of spastic dysarthria:

Answer 48

concentrates on reducing increased muscle tone by relaxation and stretching and traditional articulation exervcises