exam 3- ch 63 Flashcards
a paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity. A seizure may involve loss of consciousness with or without convulsive movements or spasms.
seizure
a group of functional disorders of the brain that are characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are a symptom of this
epilepsy
seizures are usually…
unprovoked, unpredictable, and involuntary
what are the three types of seizures?
Generalized. Affects the entire brain at the same time.
Focal. Involves only one part of the brain (called a partial seizure)
Unknown. These include epileptic spasms.
another name for generalized seizures?
tonic clonic
what is one method used to control seizures?
antiepileptic drugs
what are common side effects of antiepileptic drugs?
allergic reaction
fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, ataxia, headache, slurred speech
nausea, vomiting
memory loss
damage to liver, interactions and medications processed in liver
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia or platlet aggregation, increased bleeding, petechiae
osteoporosis
increased or unknown risk of birth defects
hirsutism, hypertrichosis
gingival enlargement
what are oral findings associated with seizures or epilepsy?
epilepsy produces no oral changes..
specific findings can be;
side effects of epileptic drugs or therapy
oral accidents during a seizure
side effects of epilepsy such as depression leading to poor oral hygiene and neglect
what are effects of accidents during seizures?
oral tissues, particularly tongue, cheek or lip
scars
fractured teeth
abnormal hairiness
hirsutism
excessive growth of hair
hypertrichosis
involves a delivery of a focused dose of radiation to the epileptogenic area in the brain..reduces risk of infection, bleeding and hospitalization
gamma knife radiosurgery
what percentage of patients does gingival overgrowth occur and why?
25-50 percent…due to use of phenytoin
other names for gingival enlargement?
dilantin yperplasia, diphenylhydantoin-induced hyperplasia, diphenhylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia, Dilantin induced gingival fibrosis, and phenytoin induced hyperplasia
who does gingival overgrowth appear more likely in?
greater in younger patients than older
which area is more affected in gingival enlargement?
anterior gingiva more affected than posterior and maxillary rather than mandibular
what are complicating factors of gingival overgrowth?
biofilm and mouth breathing
what are treatment considerations for gingival enlargement?
change in prescription, nonsurgical treatment, surgical removal and diff. diagnosis of medications causing gingival enlargement
when starting a pt. on phenytoin, how often should they be recalled?
1-2-3 month recall depending on severetiy of gingival enlargement and pt. motivation to maintain their oral health
defined as one or more seizures that lasts longer than 30 minutes
status epilepticus
if a patients medical history states pt. is succeptible to seizures, what should you do to be prepared?
place emergency materials in a convenient location, pt. remove dentures during appt., provide calm reassuring atmosphere, have dental personnel available in case of an emergency.
what is the differential diagnosis of seizure?
syncope
migraine headache
transient ischemic attack
cerebrovascular accident, stroke
sleep disorder
movement disorders
overdose of local anesthetic
hypoglycemia
hypervenilation
