exam 3- ch 63

Question 1

a paroxysmal (sudden) event that results from abnormal brain activity. A seizure may involve loss of consciousness with or without convulsive movements or spasms.

Answer 1

seizure

Question 2

a group of functional disorders of the brain that are characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures are a symptom of this

Answer 2

epilepsy

Question 3

seizures are usually…

Answer 3

unprovoked, unpredictable, and involuntary

Question 4

what are the three types of seizures?

Answer 4

Generalized. Affects the entire brain at the same time.

Focal. Involves only one part of the brain (called a partial seizure)

Unknown. These include epileptic spasms.

Question 5

another name for generalized seizures?

Answer 5

tonic clonic

Question 6

what is one method used to control seizures?

Answer 6

antiepileptic drugs

Question 7

what are common side effects of antiepileptic drugs?

Answer 7

allergic reaction

fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, ataxia, headache, slurred speech

nausea, vomiting

memory loss

damage to liver, interactions and medications processed in liver

leukopenia

thrombocytopenia or platlet aggregation, increased bleeding, petechiae

osteoporosis

increased or unknown risk of birth defects

hirsutism, hypertrichosis

gingival enlargement

Question 8

what are oral findings associated with seizures or epilepsy?

Answer 8

epilepsy produces no oral changes..

specific findings can be;

side effects of epileptic drugs or therapy

oral accidents during a seizure

side effects of epilepsy such as depression leading to poor oral hygiene and neglect

Question 9

what are effects of accidents during seizures?

Answer 9

oral tissues, particularly tongue, cheek or lip

scars

fractured teeth

Question 10

abnormal hairiness

Answer 10

hirsutism

Question 11

excessive growth of hair

Answer 11

hypertrichosis

Question 12

involves a delivery of a focused dose of radiation to the epileptogenic area in the brain..reduces risk of infection, bleeding and hospitalization

Answer 12

gamma knife radiosurgery

Question 13

what percentage of patients does gingival overgrowth occur and why?

Answer 13

25-50 percent…due to use of phenytoin

Question 14

other names for gingival enlargement?

Answer 14

dilantin yperplasia, diphenylhydantoin-induced hyperplasia, diphenhylhydantoin gingival hyperplasia, Dilantin induced gingival fibrosis, and phenytoin induced hyperplasia

Question 15

who does gingival overgrowth appear more likely in?

Answer 15

greater in younger patients than older

Question 16

which area is more affected in gingival enlargement?

Answer 16

anterior gingiva more affected than posterior and maxillary rather than mandibular

Question 17

what are complicating factors of gingival overgrowth?

Answer 17

biofilm and mouth breathing

Question 18

what are treatment considerations for gingival enlargement?

Answer 18

change in prescription, nonsurgical treatment, surgical removal and diff. diagnosis of medications causing gingival enlargement

Question 19

when starting a pt. on phenytoin, how often should they be recalled?

Answer 19

1-2-3 month recall depending on severetiy of gingival enlargement and pt. motivation to maintain their oral health

Question 20

defined as one or more seizures that lasts longer than 30 minutes

Answer 20

status epilepticus

Question 21

if a patients medical history states pt. is succeptible to seizures, what should you do to be prepared?

Answer 21

place emergency materials in a convenient location, pt. remove dentures during appt., provide calm reassuring atmosphere, have dental personnel available in case of an emergency.

Question 22

what is the differential diagnosis of seizure?

Answer 22

syncope

migraine headache

transient ischemic attack

cerebrovascular accident, stroke

sleep disorder

movement disorders

overdose of local anesthetic

hypoglycemia

hypervenilation