chapter 61 (exam 2) Flashcards
what are the two major categories of mental disabilities that dental professionals encounter?
down syndrome and autism
this is a disability characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning, limitations in behavior skills, before age of 18.
intellectual disorders
what are the five dimensions of ID?
intellectual abilities, adaptive behavior, participation, health and context
what are some examples than interfere with normal brain development?
genetic conditions such as down syndrome or fragile X
alcohol/drug use or malnutrition while pregnant
pregnancy complications (pre clampsia, premature birth, deprived oxygen during birth)
childhood illness (meningitis, whooping cough, measles)
being exposed to toxic substances (lead)
nutritional or social deprivation
dx. can be difficult
what are types of skull anomalies associated with mental retardation?
microcephalus, hydrocephalus, spherical, conical, or other..
what type of oral infection is common with mental retardation?
perio infection
what is the caries rate incidence with patients who are mentally retarded?
it is the same as gen. population.. depends on intake of sugary foods, fluoride exposure and daily control of biofilm
what are some types of physical characteristics are associated with down syndrome?
poor muscle tone and awkward, waddling gait
they are short with a short neck
flattened facial profile with a short nose
oblique slant laterally in the eyes
fold of the skin from upper eyelid over inner angle of the eye
near sighted, eyes crossing inward, cataracts
white spots on colored portion of eye (brushfield spots)
fingers are stubby and short, and sometimes palm has single transvers palmar crease
what are some personal characteristics of patients with down syndrome?
short attention span
impulsive behavior
delay in language development
socially advanced and have higher intellectual function
like music and have good rhythm
like attention/affection/feeling of security
cheerful
sociable
stubborn
what oral findings are associated with down syndrome?
open mouth and protruding tongue
thickened, cracked, dry lips
mouth breather
fissured, large tongue
narrow and vaulted palate
delayed tooth eruption
microdontia and cong. missing teeth
class 3 occlusion and post. cross bite
spacing of teeth
perio infection
fewer teeth
this disorder is when patients have limited ability to understand communication and is present at birth and appears during first years of life..
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
what is the frequency of occurrence in gender with ASD?
occurs in males 5x greater than in females
what are some characteristics of autism?
impairment of social interaction
impairment in communication
restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior
delays or abnormal functioning before 3 yrs.
what is the purpose of pharmacologic treatments on patients with ASD?
for relief of negative behavioral symptoms
what types of drugs are used to help with ASD?
stimulants (Ritalin), antidepressants, opiate blockers and tranquilizers
risperidone
