chapter 68 (exam 2)

Question 1

what are oral findings suggestive of blood disorders?

Answer 1

gingival bleeding (in the oral soft tissue)
history of bruising easily
history of diff. in controlling bleeding
numerous petechiae
pallor of mucous membrane
atrophy of papillae of tongue
persistent sore or painful tongue (glossodynia)
acute or chronic infections (candidiasis)
severe ulcerations (lack of response)
exaggerated gingival response to local irritants

Question 2

what is the composition of blood?

Answer 2

55% plasma fluid, 45% formed elements (erythrocyties (RBC), 1% leukocytes (wbc)

Question 3

where do blood cells originate from?

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

what are the types of plasma proteins?

Answer 4

albumin- maintains tissue fluid pressure

gamma globulins- circulating antibodies

beta globulins- trasports hormones, metallic ions, and lipids

fibrinogen and prothrombin- blood clotting

Question 5

these are biconcave discs containing hemoglobin that carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells

Answer 5

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Question 6

what are the types of WBC?

Answer 6

agrunulocytes and granulocytes

Question 7

what are the types of agranulocytes?

Answer 7

lymphocytes, monocytes (turn into macrophage)

Question 8

what are granulocytes?

Answer 8

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 9

these are small round cell, can move back and forth bt vessels and tissues, and capable of reverting back and multiplying as immunologic need arises

Answer 9

lymphocytes

Question 10

these are called polymorphonucluear leukocytes, most numerous of all WBC and first line of defense in the body

Answer 10

neutrophils

Question 11

these increase during allergic conditions

Answer 11

eosinophils

Question 12

these increase vascular permeability during inflammation so phagocytic cells can pass into the area

Answer 12

basophils

Question 13

these are 1/4 size of RBC and are active in blood clotting mechanism

Answer 13

platelets

Question 14

this means there is a reduction of the hemoglobin concentration, the hematocrit, or number of RBC is below the normal

Answer 14

anemia

Question 15

what are the types of causes of anemia?

Answer 15

blood loss

increased hemolysis

diminished production of RBC

Chronic disease

genetic blood disorders

Question 16

what are the clinical characteristics of anemia?

Answer 16

pale skin, nails and buccal mucosa.. weakness, malaise, fatigue, and dyspnea

Question 17

this is when dietary intake is low, defective absorption from GI tract (pernicious anemia or B12), increased demand for nutrients

Answer 17

nutritional deficiency

Question 18

this is aplastic anemia and occurs when bone marrow injured by medications, radiation, chemo, or infection

Answer 18

bone marrow failure

Question 19

what are the characteristics of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 19

hemoglobin deficient

rbc smaller

younger generation

diagnosis by lab test

Question 20

what are the causes of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 20

malnutrition or malabsorption
chronic infection
bariatic surgery
increased demand of body of iron
chronic blood loss
internal bleeding

Question 21

what are the oral signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 21

pallor of mucosa and weakness
atrophic glossitis with loss of filliform papillae
glossodynia (burning tongue)
angular chelitis

Question 22

this type of anemia involves abnormally large RBC and can result in vitamin b12 deficiency or folate deficiency or both

Answer 22

megaloblastic anemia

Question 23

this type of anemia occurs in pt over age of 60 and treat with b12 injections

Answer 23

pernicious anemia