EXAM 3 - CH 24 & 25 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of animals have a fluid-filled body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm?
A
pseudocoelomates
2
Q
Hard corals secrete exoskeletons made of _______ _________.
A
Hard corals secrete exoskeletons made of
calcium carbonate.
3
Q
The phylum Porifera includes _______.
A
The phylum Porifera includes sponges.
4
Q
Examples of protostomes include
r________, a_________, f________,
a_______, and m_______.
(N________, A________, P___________,
A________, and M________)
A
Examples of protostomes include
roundworms, arthropods, flatworms,
annelids, and mollusks.
(Nematoda, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes,
Annelida, Mollusca)
5
Q
__________ (clams, scallops, oysters, mussels)
live in _____ & _____ ______, are _____ feeders,
have gills for _______ & _______,
and have a _______ ____
for burrowing or attachment to rocks.
A
Bivalves (clams, scallops, oysters, mussels)
live in fresh & marine waters, are filter feeders,
have gills for feeding & respiration,
and have a muscular foot
for burrowing or attachment to rocks.
6
Q
Early groups of ________ had
modified ______ ____ that could be used to drag
themselves from a drying puddle to a deeper pool,
giving rise to rise to the first vertebrates
to invade land – ________ (tetrapods).
A
Early groups of lungfishes had
modified fleshy fins that could be used to drag
themselves from a drying puddle to a deeper pool,
giving rise to rise to the first vertebrates
to invade land – amphibians (tetrapods).
7
Q
Cnidarians with the _____ body plan have a
bell-shaped body and are ____-________.
A
Cnidarians with the medusa body plan have a
bell-shaped body and are free-floating.
8
Q
How many chambers do the bird
and mammal heart have?
A
4
9
Q
Arthropoda are ___________ - their bodies are
covered by an outer layer that is periodically shed.
A
Arthropoda are ecdysozoans - their bodies are
covered by an outer layer that is periodically shed.
10
Q
Cephalopods include o_________,
n_________, c_________, & s______.
A
Cephalopods include octopuses,
nautiluses, cuttlefish, & squids.
11
Q
Arthropods have an _____ circulatory system,
breathe via ______ (crustaceans),
______ (terrestrials), or ____ ____ (arachnids),
have a ______ nervous system,
and well-developed sensory structures such as
______ & ______ receptors and ______ eyes.
A
Arthropods have an open circulatory system,
breathe via gills (crustaceans),
tracheae (terrestrials), or book lungs (arachnids),
have a complex nervous system,
and well-developed sensory structures such as
chemical & tactile receptors and compound eyes.
12
Q
Platyhelminthes (_________) have a
nervous system composed of a simple brain,
or _______, and ladder-like _____ _____
that run the length of their bodies.
A
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) have a
nervous system composed of a simple brain,
or ganglia, and ladder-like nerve cords
that run the length of their bodies.
13
Q
How many chambers does
the amphibian heart have?
A
3
14
Q
Organisms with _______ symmetry can be
divided into roughly equal halves by any plane
that passes through the _______ axis.
A
Organisms with radial symmetry can be
divided into roughly equal halves by any plane
that passes through the center axis.
15
Q
Ctenophora, or ____ _______,
live in _______ waters,
have a ___________ diet,
do not have sting cells,
and are mostly ______________.
A
Ctenophora, or comb jellies,
live in coastal waters,
have a carnivorous diet,
do not have sting cells,
and are mostly hermaphroditic.
16
Q
What type of symmetry does a sea star have?
A
Bilateral symmetry as larvae;
radial symmetry as adults
17
Q
Lungfishes and coelacanths are fishes
in the class _____________.
A
Lungfishes and coelacanths are fishes
in the class Osteichthyes.
18
Q
Echinoderms exhibit _________ symmetry in the
larvae stage but _________ symmetry as adults.
A
Echinoderms exhibit bilateral symmetry in the
larvae stage but radial symmetry as adults.
19
Q
Lancelets and sea squirts are invertebrate _____.
A
Lancelets & sea squirts are invertebrate chordates.
20
Q
Insects, arachnids, myriapods (centi/millipedes), &
crustaceans are all in the class ________.
A
Insects, arachnids, myriapods (centi/millipedes),
& crustaceans are all in the class Arthropoda.
21
Q
The phylum Platyhelminthes includes _________.
A
The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms
22
Q
How many chambers does the reptilian heart have?
A
3 (modified)
23
Q
During development in ___________,
body cavity forms as an outgrowth of
the digestive cavity.
A
During development in deuterostomes,
body cavity forms as an outgrowth of
the digestive cavity.
24
Q
Which jawless fishes produce massive amounts of slime as a defense mechanism?
A
Hagfishes
25
The phylum Ctenophora includes ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**comb jellies**
26
Which of the following would be useless for
determining whether a horse is more related
to a pig or a human?
comparison of: vestigial structures, DNA,
analagous structures, or homologous structures
comparison of analogous structures
27
Examples of deuterostomes include
e\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & c\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**echinoderms**, **chordates**
28
When a polyp dies within a coral reef,
the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** remains, and new **\_\_\_\_\_\_**
continue building the colony.
When a polyp dies within a coral reef,
the **skeleton** remains, and new **polyps**
continue building the colony.
29
The phylum Echinodermata includes
s\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, s\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and s\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
30
Organisms with radial symmetry tend to be _______ or _______ on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Organisms with radial symmetry tend to be
**sessile** or **drift** on **currents**.
31
Major milestones in animal evolution:
►appearance of \_\_\_\_\_\_
(\_\_\_\_\_\_– no tissue, all other animals – tissue);
►appearance of ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_
(Cnidaria & Ctenophora – \_\_\_\_\_\_,
all remaining animals – bilateral);
►\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_development –
(e\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & l\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – protosomes;
e\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & c\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – deuterostomes)
Major milestones in animal evolution:
►appearance of **tissues**
(**sponges**– no tissue, all other animals – tissue);
►appearance of **body** **symmetry**
(Cnidaria & Ctenophora – **radial**,
all remaining animals – bilateral);
►**protosome** & **deuterosome** development –
(**ecdysozoans** & **lophotrosozoans** – protosomes;
**echinodermates** & **chordates** – deuterostomes)
32
Which embryonic germ layer covers the body,
lines inner cavities, and forms the nervous system?
ectoderm
33
Among myriapods, what differentiates
a millipede from a centipede?
Millipedes have 2 legs per segment,
Centipedes have 1 leg per segment.
34
Cnidarians have 2 body types:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (tubular) & _______ (bell-shaped).
Cnidarians have 2 body types:
**Polyp** (tubular) & **medusa** (bell-shaped).
35
Organisms with radial symmetry have
\_\_\_ embryonic _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Organisms with radial symmetry have
**2** embryonic **germ** **layers**.
36
The phylum Nematoda includes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
roundworms
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (Annelida / Oligochaeta),
live in moist __________ habitats.
**Earthworms** (Annelida / Oligochaeta),
live in moist **terrestrial** habitats.
38
Body cavities act as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
providing support, as a buffer between
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ______ & the ________ \_\_\_\_\_,
and allow _____ to move independently
of the body wall.
Body cavities act as a **skeleton**,
providing support, as a buffer between
**internal** **organs** & the **external** **world**,
and allow **organs** to move independently
of the body wall.
39
How many chambers does the fish heart have?
2
40
What are the two classes (common names)
that are included in the group of Jawless Fishes?
lampreys, hagfishes
41
Animals with _______ symmetry exhibit
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the concentration of sensory organs
& a brain in a well-defined head,
with definite _______ and _______ regions.
Animals with **bilateral** symmetry exhibit
**cephalization**, the concentration of sensory organs
& a brain in a well-defined head,
with definite **anterior** and **posterior** regions.
42
Two main phyla in Ecdysozoa are
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Two main phyla in Ecdysozoa are
**Nematoda** & **Arthropoda**.
43
In Annelida, segmentation allows for
\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; each segment contains
identical copies of \_\_\_\_\_\_, _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
(\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_), and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
In Annelida, segmentation allows for
**complex** **movement**; each segment contains
identical copies of **nerves**, **excretory** **structures**
**(nephridia & pores)**, and **muscles**.
44
In general, which of the following
does NOT describe an animal?
autotroph, multicellular, ingest nutrients, eukaryotic
Autotroph
45
Cephalopods have tentacles with
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ and
suction disks for _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Cephalopods have tentacles with
**chemosensory** **abilities** and
suction disks for **locomotion** and **predation**.
46
The phylum Porifera includes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
and is the only phylum of animals that
do not have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_systems.
The phylum Porifera includes **sponges**
and is the only phylum of animals that
do not have **tissue** systems.
47
How many chambers does the fish heart have?
2
48
What is the closest living relative of tetrapods?
lungfishes
49
Which invertebrate chordates exhibit all
chordate characteristics as larvae and adults?
Lancelets
50
Monotremes include the _______ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_; the females lay _______ eggs
and _______ their hatchlings.
Monotremes include the **platypus** and
**spiny** **anteater**; the females lay **leathery** eggs
and **nurse** their hatchlings.
51
Annelida have ______ circulatory systems
and a nervous system composed of
paired _______ and paired ______ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.
Annelida have **closed** circulatory systems
and a nervous system composed of
paired **ganglia** and paired **ventral** **nerve** **cords**.
52
Mollusca are \_\_\_\_\_\_mates with a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
that forms a gill chamber, secrete \_\_\_\_\_\_,
have _____ circulatory systems (most),
and nervous systems composed of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Mollusca are **coelomates** with a **mantle**
that forms a gill chamber, secrete **shells**,
have **open** circulatory systems (most),
and nervous systems composed of
**ganglia** & **ventral** **nerves**.
53
\_\_\_\_\_ & _____ are examples of myriapods.
Centipedes, millipedes
54
How many chambers does the reptilian heart have?
3 (modified)
55
The phylum Mollusca includes
c\_\_\_\_\_, s\_\_\_\_\_\_, o\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and s\_\_\_\_\_.
clams, snails, octopuses, squid
56
What groups are included with
invertebrate chordates?
Lancelets, sea squirts.
57
The main anatomical features that mark
branch points on the animal evolutionary tree are
the appearance of \_\_\_\_\_\_,
the appearance of ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
and __________ & __________ development.
The main anatomical features that mark
branch points on the animal evolutionary tree are
the appearance of **tissues**,
the appearance of **body** **symmetry**,
and **protostome** & **deuterostome** development.
58
All chordates have a hollow _____ \_\_\_\_\_,
a \_\_\_\_\_, pharyngeal _____ \_\_\_\_\_,
and a post-anal \_\_\_\_\_.
All chordates have a hollow **nerve** **cord**,
a **notochord**, pharyngeal **gill** **slits**,
and a post-anal **tail**.
59
\_\_\_\_\_ (that provide flight control + insulation),
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ (that reduce skeletal weight),
a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ (females),
and _____ \_\_\_\_\_ (which free females
from carrying developing offspring)
are all adaptions for flight in birds.
**Feathers** (that provide flight control + insulation),
**hollow** **bones** (that reduce skeletal weight),
a **single** **ovary** (females),
and **shelled** **eggs** (which free females
from carrying developing offspring)
are all adaptions for flight in birds.
60
What are three types of mollusks?
gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods
61
Lobe-finned fishes evolved
(before / after) ray-finned fishes.
after
62
The main subgroups of mammals are
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals
63
Bivalves include
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mussels, oysters, clams, scallops
64
Bilateral animals can be divided into two main groups based on embryological development: __________ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
protostomes & deuterostomes
65
What is one main characteristic that
differentiates animals from plants?
plants are autotrophic
66
What are the two classes (common names)
that are included in the group of Jawless Fishes?
Lampreys & hagfishes
67
What are the 3 clades of Chordata?
lancelets,
tunicates (sea squirts),
and craniates (hagfishes + vertebrates)
68
Animals in which 2 phyla have
open circulatory systems?
Arthropoda, Mollusca
69
The three subgroups of annelids are
O\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, P\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and L\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Oligochaetes, Polychaetes, Leeches
70
What type of animals have a fluid-filled body
cavity completely lined with mesoderm?
coelomates
71
Which phylum of animals exhibit bilateral symmetry
as larvae, but radial symmetry as adults?
Echinodermata
72
Which animal has bilateral symmetry?
flatworm, jellyfish, coral, sea anemone
Flatworm
73
Why would it be beneficial for a parasitic
flatworm to be hermaphroditic?
To be able to reproduce if no other flatworms
are around with which to mate
74
Which jawless fishes have sucker like mouths
with rasping teeth on tongue used to
suck blood and body fluids?
Lampreys
75
Flatworms lack circulatory and respiratory systems and exchange gas via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Diffusion
76
Which invertebrate chordates exhibit all chordate characteristics as larvae and adults?
Lancelets
77
The phylum Annelida includes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.
segmented worms.
78
Vertebrates were able to invade most habitats
due to adaptations such as
an __________ that can grow & repair itself,
paired \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and an increased size and
complexity of _______ and ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Vertebrates were able to invade most habitats
due to adaptations such as
an **endoskeleton** that can grow & repair itself,
paired **appendages**, and an increased size and
complexity of **brain** and **sensory** **structures**.
79
In animals with a __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
pressurized fluid fills the coelom and provides
support for organs and a framework
for muscle contractions.
hydrostatic skeleton
80
TRUE/FALSE:
Crustaceans are ecdysozoan arthropods.
TRUE
81
The main subgroups of mammals are
\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and _____ \_\_\_\_\_.
Monotremes, Marsupials, and Placental Mammals
82
Roundworms are free-living or parasitic,
ec\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ps\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ar\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
that have a _____ brain
& exchange gas via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Roundworms are free-living or parasitic,
**ecdysozoan**, **pseudocoelomate**, **arthropods**
that have a **simple** brain
& exchange gas via **diffusion**.
83
Animals with _____ symmetry typically develop
from two embryonic tissue layers.
radial
84
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are freshwater inhabitants possessing
both _____ and _____ and can survive without
water by burrowing in mud and sealing
themselves in a _____ -\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.
**Lungfishes** are freshwater inhabitants possessing
both **gills** and **lungs** and can survive without
water by burrowing in mud and sealing
themselves in a **mucus-lined chamber.**
85
Arthropod bodies have three regions
with different functions:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – feeding & sensing,
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – locomotion,
and _______ – digestion.
Arthropod bodies have three regions
with different functions:
**Anterior** – feeding & sensing,
**Thorax** – locomotion,
and **Abdomen** – digestion.
86
From the groups of Annelida, Arthropoda,
Echinodermata, Chordata, and Mollusca,
which ones are “segmented”?
Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata
87
In an ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ system, blood reaches
organs by percolating through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
In an **open** **circulatory** system, blood reaches
organs by percolating through the **hemocoel**.
88
Cnidarians have _________ - coiled filaments
that are triggered when touched that may
stick to or entangle prey, and/or may inject
painful or lethal poison.
cnidocytes
89
The phylum Cnidaria includes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, sea \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, sea \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
and _________ (tubularians).
The phylum Cnidaria includes
**corals**, sea **jellies**, sea **anemones**.
and **hydrozoans** (tubularians).
90
The three prominent classes of mollusks are:
gastropods (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_),
bivalves (\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_), &
cephalopods (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_).
The three prominent classes of mollusks are:
gastropods (**Snails** & **slugs**),
bivalves (**mussels**, **oysters**, **clams**, **scallops**), &
cephalopods (**octopuses**, **nautiluses**,
**cuttlefish**, **squids**).
91
Which embryonic germ layer is located between
the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscle, and
forms circulatory & skeletal systems when present?
mesoderm
92
Organisms with radial symmetry have ___ embryonic germ layers: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2: endoderm & ectoderm
93
All organisms in the superphylum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
periodically molt, or shed, their outer layer.
Ecdysozoa
94
In sponges, water flows in through \_\_\_\_\_
and exits through \_\_\_\_\_\_.
In sponges, water flows in through **pores**
and exits through **oscula**.
95
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have an exoskeleton
composed of _____ that provides protection,
water conservation, and muscle attachment
for precise movement.
**Ecdysozoans** have an exoskeleton
composed of **chitin** that provides protection,
water conservation, and muscle attachment
for precise movement.
96
\_\_\_\_\_ secrete massive quantities
of ______________________ defensively.
**Hagfishes** secrete massive quantities
of **massive quantities of slime** defensively.
97
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (octopuses, nautiluses, cuttlefish,
& squids) are _________ carnivores that move
rapidly by expelling water from _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**Cephalopods** (octopuses, nautiluses, cuttlefish,
& squids) are **predatory** carnivores that move
rapidly by expelling water from **mantle** **cavities**.
98
How do arthropods grow while being contained in
an exoskeleton, which is a rigid, heavy structure?
Arthropods molt, or shed, their exoskeleton
and replace it with a bigger one.
99
Flatworms (C. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) are
acoelomates, which lack a ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Flatworms (C. **Platyhelminthes**) are
acoelomates, which lack a **body cavity.**
100
\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ fishes are the most diverse
and abundant group of vertebrates.
Ray-finned
101
Many soft-bodied _________ have
hydrostatic skeletons, such as e\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, and all animals in the phylum \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Many soft-bodied **coelomates** have
hydrostatic skeletons, such as **earthworms**,
**sea** **stars**, and all animals in the phylum **Cnidaria**.
102
Organisms with _______ symmetry have
mirror image halves only along one plane
down the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Organisms with **bilateral** symmetry have
mirror image halves only along one plane
down the **midline**.
103
Which jawless fishes have sucker like mouths
with rasping teeth on tongue used to
suck blood and body fluids?
Lampreys
104
Annelids can reproduce sexually,
or asexually by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
and some species are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Annelids can reproduce sexually,
or asexually by **fragmentation**,
and some species are **hermaphroditic**.
105
Gastropods include _____ & \_\_\_\_\_\_.
slugs & snails
106
The excretory structure in annelid worms
is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
nephridium
107
Echinodermata are _____________ that are
exclusively \_\_\_\_\_\_, have no distinct _____ and
no ___________ system, and have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
that send projections through their skins.
Echinodermata are **deuterostomes** that are
exclusively **marine**, have no distinct **brain** and
no **circulatory system**, and have **endoskeletons**
that send projections through their skins.
108
A flatworm has no internal body cavity
separating the gut and the body wall.
The flatworm is a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Acoelomate
109
\_\_\_\_\_ are jawless fish with a _____ \_\_\_\_\_
protected by cartilagionous segments
that live in fresh and marine waters.
**Lampreys** are jawless fish with a **spinal cord**
protected by cartilagionous segments
that live in fresh and marine waters.
110
The following characteristics made
cephalopods successful predators:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with chemosensory abilities & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
disks, ability to move rapidly by _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, complex _______ capable of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
and highly developed _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and eyes.
The following characteristics made
cephalopods successful predators:
**tentacles** with chemosensory abilities & **suction**
disks, ability to move rapidly by **expelling** **water**
**forcefully**, complex **brains** capable of **learning**,
and highly developed **sensory** **systems** and eyes.
111
Some insects have _______ metamorphosis and
go through 4 stages: egg, \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, adult;
and some have __________ metamorphosis with
only 2 stage: _______ /\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Some insects have **complete** metamorphosis and
go through 4 stages: egg, **larva**, **pupa**, adult;
and some have **incomplete** metamorphosis with
only 2 stage: **egg** /**nymph** and **adult**.
112
Polychaetes (annelids) live mostly in
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ habitats inside \_\_\_\_\_, project feathery
\_\_\_\_\_\_, and some have segmental, paired
fleshy ________ for locomotion.
Polychaetes (annelids) live mostly in
**marine** habitats inside **tubes**, project feathery
**gills**, and some have segmental, paired
fleshy **paddles** for locomotion.
113
Monotremes include the _________ and
\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; the females lay
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_and nurse their hatchlings.
Monotremes include the **platypus** and
**spiny** **anteater**; the females lay
**leathery** **eggs and** nurse their hatchlings.
114
Annelida (segmented worms) have a fluid-filled
\_\_\_\_\_\_ which functions as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in which pressurized fluid functions
as the framework for muscle contraction.
Annelida (segmented worms) have a fluid-filled
**coelom** which functions as a **hydrostatic**
**skeleton** in which pressurized fluid functions
as the framework for muscle contraction.
115
Which embryonic germ layer is the inner layer
and lines most hollow organs?
endoderm
116
List examples of Echinodermata:
Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers,
sand dollars, sea lilies
117
Myriapods have one pair of \_\_\_\_\_,
\_\_\_\_\_ eyes, and breathe via \_\_\_\_\_.
Myriapods have one pair of **Antennae**,
**simple** eyes, and breathe via **tracheae**.
118
Hagfishes are in the class \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Myxini
119
\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and _____ are
of the class Chondrichthyes.
Sharks, rays, and skates
120
The phylum Chordata includes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ___ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
lancelets, sea squirts, vertebrates
121
Which chordate group is most closely
related to vertebrates?
Myxini (hagfishes)
122
What do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have
in common with sea jellies, corals,
sea anemones, and hydrozoans (Cnidarians)?
they have a digestive system with a single opening
123
TRUE/FALSE:
Myriapods are ecdysozoan arthropods.
TRUE
124
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the most abundant and
diverse organisms on Earth.
Arthropods
125
Parasitic _____ attach to host with
a sucker-like mouth.
lampreys
126
Cephalopods have _______ circulatory systems,
complex _______ that are capable of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
highly developed _______ systems,
and _______ similar to vertebrates.
Cephalopods have **closed** circulatory systems,
complex **brains** that are capable of **learning**,
highly developed **sensory** systems,
and **eyes** similar to vertebrates.
127
Sponges are ______ as larvae,
but _______ as adults.
Sponges are **motile** as larvae,
but **larvae** as adults.
128
Lungs, less permeable skin, internal fertilization,
and a shelled amniotic egg are adaptations of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for _____ \_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.
reptiles, life on land
129
Lobe-finned fishes have fleshy fins containing
\_\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_ _____ surrounded by _____ .
rod-shaped bones, muscle
130
\_\_\_\_\_ and _____ are fishes
in the class Osteichthyes.
Lungfishes, coelacanths
131
Are Platyhelminthes parasitic or non-parasitic?
Both
132
List 5 examples of crustaceans:
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles
133
During development in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
the body cavity forms within a space between
the body wall & the digestive cavity.
protostomes
134
Crustaceans (superphylum: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
phylum: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) are aquatic animals with
gills, 2 pairs of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and ________ eyes.
ex: c\_\_\_\_, c\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, l\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
s\_\_\_\_\_, & b\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Crustaceans (superphylum: **Ecdysozoa**,
phylum: **Arthropoda**) are aquatic animals with
gills, 2 pairs of **antennae**, and **compound** eyes.
ex: **crabs**, **crayfish**, **lobsters**,
**shrimp**, & **barnacles**.
135
Cnidarians with the _____ body plan have
a tubular body and are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Cnidarians with the **polyp** body plan have
a tubular body and are **sessile**.
136
Hard corals have the _____ body shape.
Polyp
137
The internal skeleton of sponges is made of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which are composed of
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carbonate, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The internal skeleton of sponges is made of
**spicules**, which are composed of
**calcium** carbonate, **silica**, or **protein**.
138
Insects that undergo _______ metamorphosis
have an egg, \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and adult stage.
Insects that undergo **complete** metamorphosis
have an egg, **larva**, **pupa**, and adult stage.
139
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have a tubular gut with two openings;
the pharynx ______ \_\_ \_\_\_\_, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
conducts food, the ____ stores food,
the _________ grinds food,
and the ________ absorb nutrients.
**Annelids** have a tubular gut with two openings;
the pharynx **draws in food**, the **esophagus**
conducts food, the **crop** stores food,
the **gizzards** grinds food,
and the **intestines** absorb nutrients.
140
TRUE/FALSE:
Insects are ecdysozoan arthropods.
TRUE
141
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ animals lack a body cavity.
Acoelomates
142
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are bilateral protostomes
which have a special feeding structure called
a lophophore, or pass thru a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
larva developmental stage.
**Lophotrochozoans** are bilateral protostomes
which have a special feeding structure called
a lophophore, or pass thru a **trochophore**
larva developmental stage.
143
Sharks, rays, and skates are
of the class \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Chondrichthyes
144
Most insects have 1 pair of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
\_\_\_ pairs of legs, and 2 pairs of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Most insects have 1 pair of **antennae**,
**3** pairs of legs, and 2 pairs of **wings**.
145
The phylum Arthropoda includes
i\_\_\_\_\_\_, a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and c\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
insects, arachnids, crustaceans
146
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (snails & slugs),
have a _______ \_\_\_\_ for locomotion,
may possess a shell,
feed via ____ (ribbon of tissue w/ many teeth),
have ____ in a cavity beneath the shell,
can diffuse gas _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_,
and have a _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_if terrestrial.
**Gastropods** (snails & slugs),
have a **muscular** **foot** for locomotion,
may possess a shell,
feed via **radula** (ribbon of tissue w/ many teeth),
have **gills** in a cavity beneath the shell,
can diffuse gas **via** **skin**,
and have a **simple** **lung** terrestrial.
147
Echinodermata live exclusively in _____ habitats,
are \_\_\_oelomates,
have a unique \_\_\_\_\_-vascular system,
have a _____ nervous system,
\_\_\_\_\_ a circulatory system,
and can re\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Echinodermata live exclusively in **marine** habitats,
are **coelomates**,
have a unique **water**-vascular system,
have a **simple** nervous system,
**lack** a circulatory system,
and can **regenerate**.
148
Which jawless fishes produce massive amounts
of slime as a defense mechanism?
Hagfishes
149
Mammals are warm-blooded \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
with high _______ rates, 4-chambered hearts,
\_\_\_\_ for insulation, highly developed \_\_\_\_\_\_,
and ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_ in females,
who provide ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ____ after birth.
Mammals are warm-blooded **craniates**
with high **metabolic** rates, 4-chambered hearts,
**hair** for insulation, highly developed **brains**,
and **mammary** **glands** in females,
who provide **extended** **parental** **care** after birth.
150
Organisms with bilateral symmetry have ___ embryonic germ layers: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
3: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
151
How are sponges different from other animals?
Sponges do not have tissue-level organization
152
Hagfishes are \_\_\_\_\_, eel-shaped fish, with
\_\_\_\_\_ skin, and a partial _____ but no \_\_\_\_\_.
Hagfishes are **jawless**, eel-shaped fish, with **unscaled** skin, and a partial **skull** but no **vertebra**.
153
Marsupials include \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_;
their embryos begin __ \_\_\_\_\_, are born at
an _____ \_\_\_\_\_, then crawl to and grasp
a nipple to complete development
(inside a pouch, in most species).
Marsupials incl. **opossums**, **koalas**, & **kangaroos**;
their embryos begin **en utero**, are born at
an **immature** **stage**, then crawl to and grasp
a nipple to complete development
(inside a pouch, in most species).
154
All animals are \_\_\_karyotic, \_\_\_\_\_cellular,
\_\_\_\_ cell walls, are \_\_\_\_\_\_trophic,
reproduce ________ (most), are \_\_\_\_\_\_,
and are able to _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ __ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
All animals are **eukaryotic**, **multicellular**,
**lack** cell walls, are **hetero**,
reproduce **sexually** (most), are **motile**,
and are able to **respond** **rapidly** **to** **stimuli**.
155
What is one main characteristic that
differentiates animals from both plants and fungi?
fungi & plants have cell walls, animals do not
