CH 22 Flashcards
What are the two major plant groups?
Nonvascular (Bryophytes)
and
Vascular (Tracheophytes)
The three subgroups of nonvascular/bryophytes are ______, ______. and ______.
The three subgroups of nonvascular/bryophytes are liverworts, hornworts. and mosses.
The two types of vascular/tracheophytes
are ____ plants & ________ plants.
The two types of vascular/tracheophytes
are seed plants & seedless plants.
The seedless (vascular) tracheophytes are
____ ________, ________, and ____.
The seedless (vascular) tracheophytes are
club mosses, horsetails, and ferns.
The seeded (vascular) tracheophytes are _________ and _________.
The seeded (vascular) tracheophytes are gymnosperms and angiosperms.
____________ (vascular/tracheophytes)
have seeds & cones but not flowers & fruits.
Gymnosperms (vascular/tracheophytes)
have seeds & cones but not flowers & fruits.
_____________ (vascular/tracheophytes)
have seeds, flowers, & fruits.
Angiosperms (vascular/tracheophytes)
have seeds, flowers, & fruits.
The dominant phase/structure in
nonvascular/bryophytes is the __________.
The dominant phase/structure in
nonvascular/bryophytes is the gametophyte.
The dominant phase/structure in
seedless tracheophytes is the ___________.
The dominant phase/structure in
seedless tracheophytes is the sporophyte.
The dominant phase/structure in
vascular seed plants is the ___________.
The dominant phase/structure in
vascular seed plants is the sporophyte.
How are reproductive cells
transferred in bryophytes?
sperm swim to egg on gametophyte
How are reproductive cells transferred
in seedless tracheophytes?
sperm swim to egg on gametophyte
How are reproductive cells
transferred in gymnosperms?
wind-dispersed pollen carries
sperm to egg in cone
How are reproductive cells
transferred in angiosperms?
pollen, dispersed by wind or animals,
carries sperm to egg within flower
Where does the embryo develop in liverworts, hornworts, and mosses (nonvascular/bryophytes)?
within archegonium of gametophyte
Where does the embryo develop in club mosses, horsetails, and ferns (seedless tracheophytes)?
within archegonium of gametophyte
Where does the embryo develop in gymnosperms?
within a seed
Where does the embryo develop in angiosperms?
within a seed - encased in a fruit
How are spores dispersed by nonvascular plants?
haploid spores are carried by wind
How are spores dispersed by
seedles vascular plants?
haploid spores are carried by wind
How are spores dispersed by gymnosperms?
wind or animals disperse seeds
How are spores dispersed by angiosperms?
animals, wind, and/or water
disperse seed-carrying-fruit
What kind of embryo does a
gymnosperm seed contain?
diploid sporophyte
The evidence of an evolutionary relationship
between green algae & plants includes
___ ________,
use of the same ________
& accessory ________,
both store food as ________,
and both have cell walls made of ________.
The evidence of an evolutionary relationship
between green algae & plants includes
DNA similarity,
use of the same chlorophylls
& accessory pigments,
both store food as starch,
and both have cell walls made of cellulose.
T/F:
Green algae and plants both use the same chlorophylls and accessory pigments.
True:
Green algae and plants both use the same chlorophylls and accessory pigments.
T/F:
Green algae & plants both store food as starch.
True:
Green algae & plants both store food as starch.
T/F:
Plants have cell walls made of cellulose,
but green algae does not.
False:
Green algae & plants both have
cell walls made of cellulose.
The evolutionary adaptations that enabled
aquatic plants to become terrestrial include
_____/_____, waxy ________, ________,
conducting ________, and _____.
The evolutionary adaptations that enabled
aquatic plants to become terrestrial include
roots/rhizoids, waxy cuticles, stomatos,
conducting vessels, and lignin.
The three central characteristics
of the plant kingdom are __________,
multicellular ______,
and ________ of _________.
The three central characteristics
of the plant kingdom are photosynthesis,
multicellular embryos,
and alternation of generations.
In the alternation of generations,
the __________ is the reproductive body
that is the matured diploid embryo
which eventually releases spores.
In the alternation of generations,
the sporophyte is the reproductive body
that is the matured diploid embryo
which eventually releases spores.
In vascular plants, which is dominant:
sporophyte or gametophyte?
sporophyte
In the alternation of generations,
which body is haploid,
formed from spores that
underwent meiotic division?
gametophyte
What is the male,
sperm-producing organ
of the gametophyte?
antheridium
What is the female, egg-producing
organ of the gametophyte?
archegonium
What does the mature sporophyte produce?
spores
Bryophytes are __________ plants
that live near _____,
lack __________ _______,
and lack true ____, _____, and ______.
Bryophytes are nonvascular plants
that live near water,
lack conducting vessels,
and lack true roots, stems, and leaves.
What are three types of bryophytes?
liverworts, hornworts, mosses
T/F:
Bryophytes are limited in size because
they are nonvascular and lack lignin.
True:
bc they rely on the diffusion of water
and can’t stand tall
Which stage is dominant in bryophytes, gametophyte or sporophyte?
Gametophyte is dominant.
Sporophytes are nutrionally dependent
upon them, and remain attached.
Bryophytes differ from vascular plants in that
bryophytes lack a ________ ______,
lack _____, and the dominant reproductive
phase/structure is the ___________.
Bryophytes differ from vascular plants in that
bryophytes lack a vascular system,
lack lignin, and the dominant reproductive
phase/structure is the gametophyte.
Adaptations that provide
advantages to vascular plants,
which are lacking in nonvascular plants,
include _____, _____, ______,
______, _____. and _____ (in some).
Adaptations that provide
advantages to vascular plants,
which are lacking in nonvascular plants,
include roots, stems, leaves,
lignin, veins. and seeds (in some).
T/F:
Non-vascular plants have lignin.
False:
Non-vascular plants lack lignin.
