CH 21 Flashcards
Alveolates that are nonmotile, heterotrophic, all parasitic, and form infectious spores
Apicomplexans,
ex: Plasmodium
(causes malaria)
Which Excavates cause GI illness (diarrhea / nausea / vomiting / cramps / hydration) from drinking infected water?
Giardia (Diplomonads)
3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):
w____ _____,
d______,
b____ a____
3 subgroups of Stramenopiles (Chromists):
Water molds,
Diatoms,
Brown algae
What can happen when dinoflagellates reproduce rapidly?
red tides
Which protist groups include seaweeds?
_____, ____, and _____ _____
Which protist groups include seaweeds?
Brown, Red, and Green Algae
2 subgroups of Excavates:
D_________,
P_________
2 subgroups of Excavates:
Diplomonads,
Parabasalids
A shared characteristic of all algae is ____________.
A shared characteristic of all algae is photosynthesis.
________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans
that form a __________ (slug-like mass).
ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)
Acellular slime molds are amoebozoans
that form a plasmodium (slug-like mass).
ex: Physarum (lg, bright orange mass)
_____________ perform 50% of all photosynthesis.
Phytoplankton perform 50% of all photosynthesis.
_________ are long chains of cells in green algae.
Spyrogyra are long chains of cells in green algae.
Modes of nutrition of protists:
_______ _______
_____ _____
___________
Modes of nutrition of protists:
absorb nutrients
ingest food
photosynthesis
D___________ are excavates that
lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.
ex: Giardia
Diplomonads are excavates that
lack mitochondria & have 2 nuclei.
ex: Giardia
Which protists are more closely related to plants?
Green Algae
________ ______ ______ are amoebozoans that form _______________.
ex: Dictyostelium
Cellular slime molds are amoebozoans that form pseudoplasmodium.
ex: Dictyostelium
_________ are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.
ex: Euglena
Euglenids are euglenozoans that have an eyespot.
ex: Euglena
_______ are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,
are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.
ex: Navicula
Diatoms are stramenopiles that glide along surfaces,
are photosynthetic, and have silica shells.
ex: Navicula
Which protists have 2 perpendicularly arranged flagella?
Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)
2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:
____ ______ (in soil, decompose ____ _____ _____),
________
2 ways that protists absorb nutrition:
free living (in soil, decompose dead organic matter),
parasites
Which protists have shells of silica?
R____________ (Rhizarians),
D______ (Stremenopiles)
Which protists have shells of silica?
Radiolarians (Rhizarian),
Diatoms (Stremenopile)
Which protists can be both photosynthetic and heterotrophic?
Euglenids (Euglenazoan)
_______ are colonies of green algae.
Volvox are colonies of green algae.
____________ are euglenozoans
that are heterotrophic,
and free-living or parasitic.
ex: ____________ (African sleeping sickness)
Kinetoplastids are euglenozoans
that are heterotrophic,
and free-living or parasitic.
ex: Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)
____________ are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).
(______ ____ - African sleeping sickness)
Trypanosoma are kinetoplastids (euglenozoan).
(tsetse flies - African sleeping sickness)
_________ _________ occurs when
a non-photosynthetic protist
engulfs a _________, _______ containing protist
that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.
Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when
a non-photosynthetic protist
engulfs a photosynthetic, chloroplast containing protist
that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.
______ are amoebozoans
with thick _________ & no shells.
ex: Amoeba
Amoebas are amoebozoans
with thick pseudopods & no shells.
ex: Amoeba
The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are:
E________ & K__________
The 2 subgroups of Euglenozoans are:
Euglenids & Kinetoplastids
In marine ecosystems, _________ are imporant as
a food source for larger organisms,
and as ____________ (phytoplankton).
In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates are imporant as
a food source for larger organisms,
and as photosynthesizers (phytoplankton).
Protists are difficult to classify because they
can be unicellular, _________, or ______;
some are _____-like, some _____-like, some _____-like;
can be ___-_____ or live with/in/on another organism.
Protists are difficult to classify because they
can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial;
some are plant-like, some animal-like, some fungi-like;
can be free-living or live with/in/on another organism.
F_______________ are protists that have
shells of calcium carbonate.
Foraminiferans are protists that have
shells of calcium carbonate.
P___________ are excavates
that lack mitochondria
and are heterotrophic symbionts.
ex: Trichomonas
Parabasolids are excavates
that lack mitochondria
and are heterotrophic symbionts.
ex: Trichomonas
Which protists cause red tides?
Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)
____ _____ are a group of protists
that are nonmotile, photosynthetic,
may deposit calcium carbonate,
and are found in tropical waters.
ex: ________ (nori)
Red Algae are a group of protists
that are nonmotile, photosynthetic,
may deposit calcium carbonate,
and are found in tropical waters.
ex: Porphyra (nori)
The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are:
_______,
_________ slime molds,
_________ slime molds
The 3 subgroups of Amoebozoans are:
Amoebas,
Acellular slime molds,
Cellular slime molds
Which protist group consists entirely of parasitic forms?
apicomplexans
_______________ are rhizarians
with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells.
ex: Giobigerina
Foraminiferans are rhizarians
with thin pseudopods & calcium carbonate shells.
ex: Giobigerina
Life cycle of Plasmodium (Alveolate Apicomplexan):
Resides in ________,
________ bites human,
develops in _____,
makes spores in ____,
causes ______ upon release,
______ bites ______ person,
carries it to ____ ______
Life cycle of Plasmodium (Alveolate Apicomplexan):
Resides in mosquito,
mosquito bites human,
develops in liver,
makes spores in RBC,
causes fever upon release,
mosquito bites infected person,
carries it to next person
The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are:
D__________,
A__________,
C_____
The 3 subgroups of Alveolates are:
Dinoflagellates,
Apicomplexans,
Ciliates
Which protist groups include species
that use pseudopods?
R_________ & A____________
Which protist groups include species
that use pseudopods?
Rhizarians & Amoebazoans
____________ are alveolates that are
photosynthetic, ____________,
have perpendicular ______,
contribute to phytoplankton,
and can cause red tides
ex: Gonyaulax
Dinoflagellates are alveolates that are
photosynthetic, bioluminescent,
have perpendicular flagella,
contribute to phytoplankton,
and can cause red tides
ex: Gonyaulax
_______ is a photosynthetic Euglenid
with whipping flagellum.
Euglena is a photosynthetic Euglenid
with whipping flagellum.
______ ______ are protists that are photosynthetic,
closely related to _____, and found mostly in ________.
Green Algae are protists that are photosynthetic,
closely related to plants, and found mostly in freshwater.
Red tides cause ____ ____ and
accumulation of _____ ______ in shellfish
that is lethal to ______ if consumed.
Red tides cause fish kills and
accumulation of nerve poison in shellfish
that is lethal to humans if consumed.
2 types of parabasalids:
___________ (ex: in guts of termites),
________ (ex: Trichomonas vaginalis)
2 types of parabasalids:
mutualistic (ex: in guts of termites),
parasitic (ex: Trichomonas vaginalis)
Products from red algae include
___________, ____, and ____.
Products from red algae include
carrageenan, agar, and nori.
K___________ are multiple copies
of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.
Kinetoplasts are multiple copies
of mitochondrial DNA arranged as disks.
What causes malaria?
Plasmodium (Apicomplexan)
______ ______ are stramenopiles
that are hetertrophic & filamentous.
ex: Plasmopara (downy mildew)
Water molds are stramenopiles
that are hetertrophic & filamentous.
ex: Plasmopara (downy mildew)
Which Excavates have 2 nuclei & multiple flagella?
Diplomonads
________ are alveolates
that have cilia, are heterotrophic,
and include the most complex single cells.
ex: P__________
Ciliates are alveolates
that have cilia, are heterotrophic,
and include the most complex single cells.
ex: Paramecium
Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation):
use _________ to surround/engulf,
may use _____,
have food ________
Protists methods for ingesting nutrition (predation):
use pseudopods to surround/engulf,
may use cilia,
have food vacuoles
Protists can reproduce via
______ ____ ________, or
__________ (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).
Protists can reproduce via
mitotic cell division, or
conjugation (via cytoplasmic bridge, ex: Euplotes).
Main groups of Protista:
A______,
A_________,
E______,
E_________,
G____ ____,
R___ ____,
R_________,
S__________
Main groups of Protista:
Alveolates,
Amoebazoans,
Excavates,
Euglenazoans,
Green Algae,
Red Algae,
Rhizarians,
Stramenopiles
What is the major ecological role
played by single-celled algae?
photosynthesis
Which protists are slime molds?
Acellular & Cellular Slime Molds
(Amoebazoans)
2 subgroups of Rhizarians:
F______________,
R___________
2 subgroups of Rhizarians:
Foraminiferans,
Radiolarians
Which protists contribute to phytoplankton?
________ (Stramenopiles)
______________ (Alveolates)
Which protists contribute to phytoplankton?
Diatoms (Stramenopile),
Dinoflagellates (Alveolate)
____________ are rhizarians
with thin pseudopods & silica shells.
ex: Actinomma
Radiolarians are rhizarians
with thin pseudopods & silica shells.
ex: Actinomma
Which protists can be photosynthetic?
______, ______, & ______ ______
E________
D______
D__________
Which protists can be photosynthetic?
Brown, Red, & Green Algae,
Euglenids,
Diatoms,
Dinoflagellates
