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BIOL 1407 > CH 23 > Flashcards

CH 23 Flashcards

1
Q

The 7 major groups of fungi are

_______, ____ ____,

___________, _____________,

_____________, __________,

and (informally) __________.

A

The 7 major groups of fungi are

chytrids, rumen fungi,

blastoclades, glomeromycetes,

basidiomycetes, ascomycetes,

and (informally) zygomycetes.

(CRBBAGZ)

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2
Q

The reproductive structures of

chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are

_______ or _______ flagellated ______.

A

The reproductive structures of

chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are

haploid or diploid flagellated spores.

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3
Q

Glomeromycetes form

_______ asexual spores,

often in ________.

A

Glomeromycetes form

haploid asexual spores,

often in clusters.

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4
Q

In basidiomycetes, _______ reproduction

involves formation of haploid _____________

on club-shaped _______.

A

In basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction

involves formation of haploid basidiospores

on club-shaped basidia.

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5
Q

In ______ reproduction, ascomycetes

form haploid __________ in sac-like _____.

A

In sexual reproduction, ascomycetes

form haploid ascospores in sac-like ascus.

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6
Q

Zygomycetes form ______ ____________

in sexual reproduction.

A

Zygomycetes form diploid zygospores

in sexual reproduction.

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7
Q

Which two groups of fungi have septa present?

A

basidiomycetes and ascomycetes

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8
Q

Chytrids contribute to the

decline of ____ ________.

A

Chytrids contribute to the

decline of frog populations.

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9
Q

Which fungi help cattle, horses,

and sheep digest plants?

A

rumen fungi

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10
Q

B___________ fungi cause

brown spot disease of corn

and crown wart disease of alfalfa.

A

Blastoclades fungi cause

brown spot disease of corn

and crown wart disease of alfalfa.

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11
Q

G_____________ fungi form mycorrhizae.

A

Glomeromycete fungi form mycorrhizae.

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12
Q

B____________ fungi cause

smuts and rusts on crops.

A

Basiodiomycetes fungi cause

smuts and rusts on crops.

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13
Q

Which fungi include edible mushrooms?

A

basiodiomycetes

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14
Q

Ascomycetes cause molds on ________,

damage ________, and cause

________ _____ disease and ________ blight.

A

Ascomycetes cause molds on fruit,

damage textiles, and cause

Dutch elm disease and Chestnut blight.

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15
Q

Yeasts and morels are fungi

in the group __________.

A

Yeasts and morels are fungi

in the group ascomycetes.

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16
Q

Zygomycetes cause ____ _____ ___

and _____ _____ ____ in foods.

A

Zygomycetes cause soft fruit rot

and black bread mold in foods.

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17
Q

Barachochytrium is a chytrid

that is a ____ pathogen.

A

Barachochytrium is a chytrid

that is a frog pathogen.

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18
Q

Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in

_________ _________ _______.

A

Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in

herbivore digestive systems.

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19
Q

Allomyces are blastoclades

that are _______ decomposers.

A

Allomyces are blastoclades

that are aquatic decomposers.

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20
Q

Glomus are glomerocytes that form __________.

A

Glomus are glomerocytes that form mycorrhizae.

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21
Q

Amanita is a basidiomycetes

that is a poisonous ________.

A

Amanita is a basidiomycetes

that is a poisonous mushroom.

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22
Q

Polyporus is basidiomycete whose

common name is _____ ______.

A

Polyporus is basidiomycete whose

common name is shelf fungus.

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23
Q

Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,

is a type of _____.

A

Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,

is a type of yeast.

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24
Q

Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,

causes _____ ___ disease.

A

Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,

causes Dutch elm disease.

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25
Q

Rhizopus, a zygomycete,

causes _____ _____ ____.

A

Rhizopus, a zygomycete,

causes black bread mold.

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26
Q

Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is ____ ______.

A

Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is dung fungus.

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27
Q

Three main characteristics of fungi:

1) body is a ________ made up of _____,
2) cell walls made of ______ & _____________,
3) all are ____________.

A

Three main characteristics of fungi:

1) body is a mycelium made up of hyphae,
2) cell walls made of chitin & polysaccharides,
3) all are heterotrophs.

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28
Q

What are the threadlike filaments

that interweave to make a mycelium?

A

hyphae

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29
Q

How do cell walls differ between plants and fungi?

A

plants - made of cellulose

fungi - made of chitin & polysaccharides

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30
Q

Fungi are all _________ that obtain nutrition

as __________, __________,

__________, or __________.

A

Fungi are all heterotrophs that obtain nutrition

as decomposers, parasites,

symbiotes, or predators.

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31
Q

Reproductive _________ and

the presence or lack of _______

are two characteristics used to classify fungi.

A

Reproductive structures and

the presence or lack of septa

are two characteristics used to classify fungi.

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32
Q

Which group of fungi is the most ancient?

A

chytrids

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33
Q

Which group of fungi does not have

known sexual reproduction?

A

glomeromycetes: deuteromycota

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34
Q

Which generation,

according to number of chromosomes,

dominates the fungal life cycle usually?

A

haploid

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35
Q

What promotes sexual reproduction in fungi?

A

change & stress

36
Q

Which 3 groups of fungi have flagellated spores?

A

chytrids, rumen fungi, & blastoclades

37
Q

Which group of fungi produces mushrooms

in a circle-like fashion called a fairy ring?

A

basidiomycetes

38
Q

What can be inferrred from

the diameter of a fairy ring?

A

age of the mycelium

39
Q

_______ are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

A

Lichens are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.

40
Q

What do fungi contribute

to the symbiosis of lichens?

A

fungi provide shelter and protection for algae

41
Q

What do algae contribute

to the symbiosis of lichens?

A

algae provide the fungi with food

via photosynthesis

42
Q

Candida albicans is a _________ fungi that

harms its host by causing _____ infections.

A

Candida albicans is a parasitic fungi that

harms its host by causing yeast infections.

43
Q

Saccharomyces __________

is a _____ used to produce beer.

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

is a yeast used to produce beer.

44
Q

How are fungi and animals similar?

A

both are heterotrophs

45
Q

How is reproduction in fungi different from

reproduction in plants and animals?

A

fungi produce spores

46
Q

What is a reproductive adaptation of chytrids?

A

flagellated swimming spores

47
Q

What would happen to a lichen

if the cyanobacteria or algae were to die?

A

The fungi would die.

48
Q

Increased amounts of acid rain

directly affect the saprophytes.

How would the death of this group

affect an entire ecosystem?

A

Nutrients would not be recycled and

made available to other organisms.

49
Q

______ are the most important and pervasive

fungal contributions to the human food supply.

A

Yeasts are the most important and pervasive

fungal contributions to the human food supply.

50
Q

_____ are partitions that divide

hyphae into many cells.

A

Septa are partitions that divide

hyphae into many cells.

51
Q

T/F:

Fungi cells possess one nuclei each.

A

False:

Fungi cells can possess one or more nuclei.

52
Q

What is the function of pores in the septa?

A

allow cytoplasm to stream between cells

53
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi composed of?

A

chitin and polysaccharide

54
Q

T/F:

The polysaccharide in fungi cell wells

contain nitrogen.

A

True

55
Q

Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals

in that the _______ _______ does not

break down, and the _______

forms from _______ _______.

A

Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals

in that the nuclear envelope does not

break down, and the spindle

forms from spindle plaques.

56
Q

T/F:

Hyphae lacking septa can be elongated

cells containing thousands of nuclei.

A

True

57
Q

Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting _______

outside their bodies and absorbing the

__________ nutrients.

A

Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting enzymes

outside their bodies and absorbing the

digested nutrients.

58
Q

Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called _______.

A

Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called saprobes.

59
Q

T/F:

Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

A

True

60
Q

Fungi produce reproductive spores within

________ ________.

A

Fungi produce reproductive spores within

fruiting bodies.

61
Q

Which group of fungi is aquatic?

A

chytrids

62
Q

Which group of fungi is anaerobic?

A

rumen fungi

63
Q

Blastoclades have a ________ ____

formed by the spores’ ribosomes.

A

Blastoclades have a nuclear cap

formed by the spores’ ribosomes.

64
Q

Which group of fungi are

parasitic of plants and aquatic invertebrates

and have spores with a single flagellum?

A

blastoclades

65
Q

___________ is a beneficial relationship

between glomeromycetes and plant roots.

A

Mycorrhiza is a beneficial relationship

between glomeromycetes and plant roots.

66
Q

_______________ is the

most common group of fungi.

A

Basidiomycetes is the

most common group of fungi.

67
Q

______________ produce club-shaped

reproductive structures that contain spores,

and usually reproduce sexually.

A

Basidiomycetes produce club-shaped

reproductive structures that contain spores,

and usually reproduce sexually.

68
Q

Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of _______________.

A

Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of basidiomycetes.

69
Q

Shelf fungi decompose ________.

A

Shelf fungi decompose wood.

70
Q

Ascomycetes are also known as ____ ______.

A

Ascomycetes are also known as sac fungi.

71
Q

Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most

food-spoiling fungi are examples of __________.

A

Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most

food-spoiling fungi are examples of ascomycetes.

72
Q

Zygospores are the thick-walled

spores of ______ ______.

A

Zygospores are the thick-walled

spores of bread molds.

73
Q

________ reproduce asexually

by fragmentation or production of soredia,

or sexually, involving the spores of _____

and reproductive cells of _____.

A

Lichen reproduce asexually

by fragmentation or production of soredia,

or sexually, involving the spores of fungi

and reproductive cells of algae.

74
Q

_______ are among the oldest living organisms.

A

Lichens are among the oldest living organisms.

75
Q

T/F:

80% of plants with roots have mycorrhizae.

A

True

76
Q

Endophytes are fungi that live inside

_____ ______ and can be

________ or _________.

A

Endophytes are fungi that live inside

plant shoots and can be

parasitic or beneficial.

77
Q

Saprophytes liberate ______, ________,

____________ compounds, and

_________ for reuse by plants.

A

Saprophytes liberate carbon, nitrogen,

phosphorous compounds, and

minerals for reuse by plants.

78
Q

What are some human diseases caused by fungi?

A

athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm,

vaginal yeast infections, and valley fever

79
Q

Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce ________ - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.

A

Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce aflatoxins - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.

80
Q

Claviceps purpurea is an _________

that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.

A

Claviceps purpurea is an ascomycete

that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.

81
Q

In agriculture, fungi are used to _______ _____.

A

In agriculture, fungi are used to control pests.

82
Q

________ and ________ are two types

of fungi used to produce medication.

A

Penicillin and cyclosporin are two types

of fungi used to produce medication.

83
Q

In beer production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.

A

In beer production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is retained and CO2 is retained.

84
Q

In wine production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.

A

In wine production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is retained and CO2 is released.

85
Q

In bread production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.

A

In bread production using yeast,

ethyl alcohol is released and CO2 is released.

BIOL 1407 (10 decks)

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