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CH 23 Flashcards

1
Q

The 7 major groups of fungi are

_______, ____ ____,

___________, _____________,

_____________, __________,

and (informally) __________.

A

The 7 major groups of fungi are

chytrids, rumen fungi,

blastoclades, glomeromycetes,

basidiomycetes, ascomycetes,

and (informally) zygomycetes.

(CRBBAGZ)

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2
Q

The reproductive structures of

chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are

_______ or _______ flagellated ______.

A

The reproductive structures of

chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are

haploid or diploid flagellated spores.

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3
Q

Glomeromycetes form

_______ asexual spores,

often in ________.

A

Glomeromycetes form

haploid asexual spores,

often in clusters.

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4
Q

In basidiomycetes, _______ reproduction

involves formation of haploid _____________

on club-shaped _______.

A

In basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction

involves formation of haploid basidiospores

on club-shaped basidia.

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5
Q

In ______ reproduction, ascomycetes

form haploid __________ in sac-like _____.

A

In sexual reproduction, ascomycetes

form haploid ascospores in sac-like ascus.

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6
Q

Zygomycetes form ______ ____________

in sexual reproduction.

A

Zygomycetes form diploid zygospores

in sexual reproduction.

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7
Q

Which two groups of fungi have septa present?

A

basidiomycetes and ascomycetes

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8
Q

Chytrids contribute to the

decline of ____ ________.

A

Chytrids contribute to the

decline of frog populations.

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9
Q

Which fungi help cattle, horses,

and sheep digest plants?

A

rumen fungi

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10
Q

B___________ fungi cause

brown spot disease of corn

and crown wart disease of alfalfa.

A

Blastoclades fungi cause

brown spot disease of corn

and crown wart disease of alfalfa.

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11
Q

G_____________ fungi form mycorrhizae.

A

Glomeromycete fungi form mycorrhizae.

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12
Q

B____________ fungi cause

smuts and rusts on crops.

A

Basiodiomycetes fungi cause

smuts and rusts on crops.

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13
Q

Which fungi include edible mushrooms?

A

basiodiomycetes

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14
Q

Ascomycetes cause molds on ________,

damage ________, and cause

________ _____ disease and ________ blight.

A

Ascomycetes cause molds on fruit,

damage textiles, and cause

Dutch elm disease and Chestnut blight.

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15
Q

Yeasts and morels are fungi

in the group __________.

A

Yeasts and morels are fungi

in the group ascomycetes.

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16
Q

Zygomycetes cause ____ _____ ___

and _____ _____ ____ in foods.

A

Zygomycetes cause soft fruit rot

and black bread mold in foods.

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17
Q

Barachochytrium is a chytrid

that is a ____ pathogen.

A

Barachochytrium is a chytrid

that is a frog pathogen.

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18
Q

Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in

_________ _________ _______.

A

Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in

herbivore digestive systems.

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19
Q

Allomyces are blastoclades

that are _______ decomposers.

A

Allomyces are blastoclades

that are aquatic decomposers.

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20
Q

Glomus are glomerocytes that form __________.

A

Glomus are glomerocytes that form mycorrhizae.

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21
Q

Amanita is a basidiomycetes

that is a poisonous ________.

A

Amanita is a basidiomycetes

that is a poisonous mushroom.

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22
Q

Polyporus is basidiomycete whose

common name is _____ ______.

A

Polyporus is basidiomycete whose

common name is shelf fungus.

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23
Q

Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,

is a type of _____.

A

Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,

is a type of yeast.

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24
Q

Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,

causes _____ ___ disease.

A

Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,

causes Dutch elm disease.

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25
Rhizopus, a zygomycete, causes **\_\_\_\_\_ _____ \_\_\_\_.**
Rhizopus, a zygomycete, causes **black bread mold.**
26
Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is **\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.**
Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is **dung fungus.**
27
Three main characteristics of fungi: 1) body is a ________ made up of \_\_\_\_\_, 2) cell walls made of ______ & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, 3) all are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Three main characteristics of fungi: 1) body is a **mycelium** made up of **hyphae**, 2) cell walls made of **chitin** & **polysaccharides**, 3) all are **heterotrophs**.
28
What are the threadlike filaments that interweave to make a mycelium?
hyphae
29
How do cell walls differ between plants and fungi?
**plants** - made of cellulose **fungi** - made of chitin & polysaccharides
30
Fungi are all **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** that obtain nutrition as **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, or **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Fungi are all **heterotrophs** that obtain nutrition as **decomposers**, **parasites**, **symbiotes**, or **predators**.
31
Reproductive **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and the presence or lack of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are two characteristics used to classify fungi.
Reproductive **structures** and the presence or lack of **septa** are two characteristics used to classify fungi.
32
Which group of fungi is the most ancient?
chytrids
33
Which group of fungi does not have known sexual reproduction?
glomeromycetes: deuteromycota
34
Which generation, according to number of chromosomes, dominates the fungal life cycle usually?
haploid
35
What promotes sexual reproduction in fungi?
change & stress
36
Which 3 groups of fungi have flagellated spores?
chytrids, rumen fungi, & blastoclades
37
Which group of fungi produces mushrooms in a circle-like fashion called a fairy ring?
basidiomycetes
38
What can be inferrred from the diameter of a fairy ring?
age of the mycelium
39
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
**Lichens** are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
40
What do fungi contribute to the symbiosis of lichens?
fungi provide shelter and protection for algae
41
What do algae contribute to the symbiosis of lichens?
algae provide the fungi with food via photosynthesis
42
Candida albicans is a **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** fungi that harms its host by causing **\_\_\_\_\_** infections.
Candida albicans is a **parasitic** fungi that harms its host by causing **yeast** infections.
43
*Saccharomyces* **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is a **\_\_\_\_\_** used to produce beer.
*Saccharomyces* ***cerevisiae*** is a **yeast** used to produce beer.
44
How are fungi and animals similar?
both are heterotrophs
45
How is reproduction in fungi different from reproduction in plants and animals?
fungi produce spores
46
What is a reproductive adaptation of chytrids?
flagellated swimming spores
47
What would happen to a lichen if the cyanobacteria or algae were to die?
The fungi would die.
48
Increased amounts of acid rain directly affect the saprophytes. How would the death of this group affect an entire ecosystem?
Nutrients would not be recycled and made available to other organisms.
49
**\_\_\_\_\_\_** are the most important and pervasive fungal contributions to the human food supply.
**Yeasts** are the most important and pervasive fungal contributions to the human food supply.
50
**\_\_\_\_\_** are partitions that divide hyphae into many cells.
**Septa** are partitions that divide hyphae into many cells.
51
T/F: Fungi cells possess one nuclei each.
False: Fungi cells can possess one or more nuclei.
52
What is the function of pores in the septa?
allow cytoplasm to stream between cells
53
What are the cell walls of fungi composed of?
chitin and polysaccharide
54
T/F: The polysaccharide in fungi cell wells contain nitrogen.
True
55
Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals in that the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** does not break down, and the **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** forms from **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals in that the **nuclear** **envelope** does not break down, and the **spindle** forms from **spindle** **plaques**.
56
T/F: Hyphae lacking septa can be elongated cells containing thousands of nuclei.
True
57
Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ outside their bodies and absorbing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nutrients.
Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting **enzymes** outside their bodies and absorbing the **digested** nutrients.
58
Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called **saprobes.**
59
T/F: Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
True
60
Fungi produce reproductive spores within \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fungi produce reproductive spores within ## Footnote **fruiting bodies.**
61
Which group of fungi is aquatic?
chytrids
62
Which group of fungi is anaerobic?
rumen fungi
63
Blastoclades have a **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_** formed by the spores' ribosomes.
Blastoclades have a **nuclear** **cap** formed by the spores' ribosomes.
64
Which group of fungi are parasitic of plants and aquatic invertebrates and have spores with a single flagellum?
blastoclades
65
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is a beneficial relationship between glomeromycetes and plant roots.
**Mycorrhiza** is a beneficial relationship between glomeromycetes and plant roots.
66
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** is the most common group of fungi.
**Basidiomycetes** is the most common group of fungi.
67
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** produce club-shaped reproductive structures that contain spores, and usually reproduce sexually.
**Basidiomycetes** produce club-shaped reproductive structures that contain spores, and usually reproduce sexually.
68
Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of **basidiomycetes**.
69
Shelf fungi decompose **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Shelf fungi decompose **wood.**
70
Ascomycetes are also known as **\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Ascomycetes are also known as **sac fungi.**
71
Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most food-spoiling fungi are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most food-spoiling fungi are examples of **ascomycetes**.
72
Zygospores are the thick-walled spores of **\_\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Zygospores are the thick-walled spores of **bread molds.**
73
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** reproduce asexually by fragmentation or production of soredia, or sexually, involving the spores of **\_\_\_\_\_** and reproductive cells of **\_\_\_\_\_**.
**Lichen** reproduce asexually by fragmentation or production of soredia, or sexually, involving the spores of **fungi** and reproductive cells of **algae**.
74
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are among the oldest living organisms.
**Lichens** are among the oldest living organisms.
75
T/F: 80% of plants with roots have mycorrhizae.
True
76
Endophytes are fungi that live inside **\_\_\_\_\_** **\_\_\_\_\_\_** and can be **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** or **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
Endophytes are fungi that live inside **plant** **shoots** and can be **parasitic** or **beneficial**.
77
Saprophytes liberate **\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**, **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** compounds, and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** for reuse by plants.
Saprophytes liberate **carbon**, **nitrogen**, **phosphorous** compounds, and **minerals** for reuse by plants.
78
What are some human diseases caused by fungi?
athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, vaginal yeast infections, and valley fever
79
Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.
Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce **aflatoxins** - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.
80
*Claviceps* *purpurea* is an **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.
*Claviceps* *purpurea* is an **ascomycete** that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.
81
In agriculture, fungi are used to **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_**.
In agriculture, fungi are used to **control pests.**
82
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** are two types of fungi used to produce medication.
**Penicillin** and **cyclosporin** are two types of fungi used to produce medication.
83
In beer production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and CO2 is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
In beer production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **retained** and CO2 is **retained**.
84
In wine production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and CO2 is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
In wine production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **retained** and CO2 is **released**.
85
In bread production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and CO2 is **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.
In bread production using yeast, ethyl alcohol is **released** and CO2 is **released**.

BIOL 1407 (10 decks)

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