CH 23 Flashcards
The 7 major groups of fungi are
_______, ____ ____,
___________, _____________,
_____________, __________,
and (informally) __________.
The 7 major groups of fungi are
chytrids, rumen fungi,
blastoclades, glomeromycetes,
basidiomycetes, ascomycetes,
and (informally) zygomycetes.
(CRBBAGZ)
The reproductive structures of
chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are
_______ or _______ flagellated ______.
The reproductive structures of
chytrids, rumen fungi, and blastoclades are
haploid or diploid flagellated spores.
Glomeromycetes form
_______ asexual spores,
often in ________.
Glomeromycetes form
haploid asexual spores,
often in clusters.
In basidiomycetes, _______ reproduction
involves formation of haploid _____________
on club-shaped _______.
In basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction
involves formation of haploid basidiospores
on club-shaped basidia.
In ______ reproduction, ascomycetes
form haploid __________ in sac-like _____.
In sexual reproduction, ascomycetes
form haploid ascospores in sac-like ascus.
Zygomycetes form ______ ____________
in sexual reproduction.
Zygomycetes form diploid zygospores
in sexual reproduction.
Which two groups of fungi have septa present?
basidiomycetes and ascomycetes
Chytrids contribute to the
decline of ____ ________.
Chytrids contribute to the
decline of frog populations.
Which fungi help cattle, horses,
and sheep digest plants?
rumen fungi
B___________ fungi cause
brown spot disease of corn
and crown wart disease of alfalfa.
Blastoclades fungi cause
brown spot disease of corn
and crown wart disease of alfalfa.
G_____________ fungi form mycorrhizae.
Glomeromycete fungi form mycorrhizae.
B____________ fungi cause
smuts and rusts on crops.
Basiodiomycetes fungi cause
smuts and rusts on crops.
Which fungi include edible mushrooms?
basiodiomycetes
Ascomycetes cause molds on ________,
damage ________, and cause
________ _____ disease and ________ blight.
Ascomycetes cause molds on fruit,
damage textiles, and cause
Dutch elm disease and Chestnut blight.
Yeasts and morels are fungi
in the group __________.
Yeasts and morels are fungi
in the group ascomycetes.
Zygomycetes cause ____ _____ ___
and _____ _____ ____ in foods.
Zygomycetes cause soft fruit rot
and black bread mold in foods.
Barachochytrium is a chytrid
that is a ____ pathogen.
Barachochytrium is a chytrid
that is a frog pathogen.
Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in
_________ _________ _______.
Neocallimastix are rumen fungi that live in
herbivore digestive systems.
Allomyces are blastoclades
that are _______ decomposers.
Allomyces are blastoclades
that are aquatic decomposers.
Glomus are glomerocytes that form __________.
Glomus are glomerocytes that form mycorrhizae.
Amanita is a basidiomycetes
that is a poisonous ________.
Amanita is a basidiomycetes
that is a poisonous mushroom.
Polyporus is basidiomycete whose
common name is _____ ______.
Polyporus is basidiomycete whose
common name is shelf fungus.
Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,
is a type of _____.
Saccharomyces, an ascomycete,
is a type of yeast.
Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,
causes _____ ___ disease.
Ophiostoma, an ascomycete,
causes Dutch elm disease.
Rhizopus, a zygomycete,
causes _____ _____ ____.
Rhizopus, a zygomycete,
causes black bread mold.
Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is ____ ______.
Pilobolus, a zygomycete, is dung fungus.
Three main characteristics of fungi:
1) body is a ________ made up of _____,
2) cell walls made of ______ & _____________,
3) all are ____________.
Three main characteristics of fungi:
1) body is a mycelium made up of hyphae,
2) cell walls made of chitin & polysaccharides,
3) all are heterotrophs.
What are the threadlike filaments
that interweave to make a mycelium?
hyphae
How do cell walls differ between plants and fungi?
plants - made of cellulose
fungi - made of chitin & polysaccharides
Fungi are all _________ that obtain nutrition
as __________, __________,
__________, or __________.
Fungi are all heterotrophs that obtain nutrition
as decomposers, parasites,
symbiotes, or predators.
Reproductive _________ and
the presence or lack of _______
are two characteristics used to classify fungi.
Reproductive structures and
the presence or lack of septa
are two characteristics used to classify fungi.
Which group of fungi is the most ancient?
chytrids
Which group of fungi does not have
known sexual reproduction?
glomeromycetes: deuteromycota
Which generation,
according to number of chromosomes,
dominates the fungal life cycle usually?
haploid
What promotes sexual reproduction in fungi?
change & stress
Which 3 groups of fungi have flagellated spores?
chytrids, rumen fungi, & blastoclades
Which group of fungi produces mushrooms
in a circle-like fashion called a fairy ring?
basidiomycetes
What can be inferrred from
the diameter of a fairy ring?
age of the mycelium
_______ are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
Lichens are the result of a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
What do fungi contribute
to the symbiosis of lichens?
fungi provide shelter and protection for algae
What do algae contribute
to the symbiosis of lichens?
algae provide the fungi with food
via photosynthesis
Candida albicans is a _________ fungi that
harms its host by causing _____ infections.
Candida albicans is a parasitic fungi that
harms its host by causing yeast infections.
Saccharomyces __________
is a _____ used to produce beer.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is a yeast used to produce beer.
How are fungi and animals similar?
both are heterotrophs
How is reproduction in fungi different from
reproduction in plants and animals?
fungi produce spores
What is a reproductive adaptation of chytrids?
flagellated swimming spores
What would happen to a lichen
if the cyanobacteria or algae were to die?
The fungi would die.
Increased amounts of acid rain
directly affect the saprophytes.
How would the death of this group
affect an entire ecosystem?
Nutrients would not be recycled and
made available to other organisms.
______ are the most important and pervasive
fungal contributions to the human food supply.
Yeasts are the most important and pervasive
fungal contributions to the human food supply.
_____ are partitions that divide
hyphae into many cells.
Septa are partitions that divide
hyphae into many cells.
T/F:
Fungi cells possess one nuclei each.
False:
Fungi cells can possess one or more nuclei.
What is the function of pores in the septa?
allow cytoplasm to stream between cells
What are the cell walls of fungi composed of?
chitin and polysaccharide
T/F:
The polysaccharide in fungi cell wells
contain nitrogen.
True
Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals
in that the _______ _______ does not
break down, and the _______
forms from _______ _______.
Mitosis in fungi differs from plants and animals
in that the nuclear envelope does not
break down, and the spindle
forms from spindle plaques.
T/F:
Hyphae lacking septa can be elongated
cells containing thousands of nuclei.
True
Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting _______
outside their bodies and absorbing the
__________ nutrients.
Fungi obtain nutrition by secreting enzymes
outside their bodies and absorbing the
digested nutrients.
Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called _______.
Fungi that feed on dead organic material and wastes are decomposers called saprobes.
T/F:
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
True
Fungi produce reproductive spores within
________ ________.
Fungi produce reproductive spores within
fruiting bodies.
Which group of fungi is aquatic?
chytrids
Which group of fungi is anaerobic?
rumen fungi
Blastoclades have a ________ ____
formed by the spores’ ribosomes.
Blastoclades have a nuclear cap
formed by the spores’ ribosomes.
Which group of fungi are
parasitic of plants and aquatic invertebrates
and have spores with a single flagellum?
blastoclades
___________ is a beneficial relationship
between glomeromycetes and plant roots.
Mycorrhiza is a beneficial relationship
between glomeromycetes and plant roots.
_______________ is the
most common group of fungi.
Basidiomycetes is the
most common group of fungi.
______________ produce club-shaped
reproductive structures that contain spores,
and usually reproduce sexually.
Basidiomycetes produce club-shaped
reproductive structures that contain spores,
and usually reproduce sexually.
Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of _______________.
Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, and rusts/smuts are examples of basidiomycetes.
Shelf fungi decompose ________.
Shelf fungi decompose wood.
Ascomycetes are also known as ____ ______.
Ascomycetes are also known as sac fungi.
Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most
food-spoiling fungi are examples of __________.
Morels, truffles, penicillium, yeasts, and most
food-spoiling fungi are examples of ascomycetes.
Zygospores are the thick-walled
spores of ______ ______.
Zygospores are the thick-walled
spores of bread molds.
________ reproduce asexually
by fragmentation or production of soredia,
or sexually, involving the spores of _____
and reproductive cells of _____.
Lichen reproduce asexually
by fragmentation or production of soredia,
or sexually, involving the spores of fungi
and reproductive cells of algae.
_______ are among the oldest living organisms.
Lichens are among the oldest living organisms.
T/F:
80% of plants with roots have mycorrhizae.
True
Endophytes are fungi that live inside
_____ ______ and can be
________ or _________.
Endophytes are fungi that live inside
plant shoots and can be
parasitic or beneficial.
Saprophytes liberate ______, ________,
____________ compounds, and
_________ for reuse by plants.
Saprophytes liberate carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorous compounds, and
minerals for reuse by plants.
What are some human diseases caused by fungi?
athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm,
vaginal yeast infections, and valley fever
Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce ________ - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.
Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that produce aflatoxins - toxic, carcinogenic compounds.
Claviceps purpurea is an _________
that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.
Claviceps purpurea is an ascomycete
that produces toxins that cause ergot disease.
In agriculture, fungi are used to _______ _____.
In agriculture, fungi are used to control pests.
________ and ________ are two types
of fungi used to produce medication.
Penicillin and cyclosporin are two types
of fungi used to produce medication.
In beer production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.
In beer production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is retained and CO2 is retained.
In wine production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.
In wine production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is retained and CO2 is released.
In bread production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is ________ and CO2 is ________.
In bread production using yeast,
ethyl alcohol is released and CO2 is released.
