Exam 3 Flashcards
The term that secrete products INTO DUCTS that empty onto a surface or into a cavity
Exocrine Gland
The term that are DUCTLESS glands and secrete hormones
Endocrine Gland
The term that refers “ Too Little Hormone”
Hyposecretion
the term that refers “Too Much Hormone”
Hypersecretion
which gland is responsible for sweat glands, Salivary glands (Lymp nodes)
Exocrine Gland
what are the two major classes of hormones ?
Non-steroid and Steroid
The FEEDBACK that Reverses the direction in physiological system
(tries to maintain HOMEOSTATIC FEEDBACK
Negative Feedback
The FEEDBACK that Amplifyes physiological changes rather than reverse them
(contractions)
Positive Feedback
the term that is the liquid portion of blood
Plasma
The term with NO nuclei
Erythrocytes
The term that refers to ‘‘HEMATOPOIESIS’’
Myeloid Tissue
The term that refers to “The RBC volume”
Hematocrit
The term with WBCs and Platelets
Buffycoat
The term that refers to Allergy protection
Eosinophils
Abnormally high WBC count
Leukocytosis
Abnormally high RBC count
Polycythemia
Abnormally LOW WBC count
Leukopenia
the term that refers to a “CLUMP”
Agglutinate
what are the 2 primary functions of blood ?
Transportation and Protection
what cavity is the heart located in ?
Thoracic cavity
1/3 of the heart is on the ______ halve
right
2/3 of the heart is on the _______ halve
left
The heart is a _________ organ shape
Triangular
what is the size of the heart ?
size of a closed fists
where is the heart located BETWEEN ?
the lungs and mediastum (sternum)
the _______ system that supplies body transportation needs
( organ system that inlcudes heart and lungs)
cardiovascular system
the _____ system that supplies transportation for the cells of the body
(cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels)
circulatory system
The body’s defense system against disease
Immune system
A system that moves FLUIDS and large molecules from the tissue spaces and lipid nutrients from the digestive system to the blood
Lymphatic system
______ a fluid formed in tissue spaces that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to back to the circulatory system
Lymph
Blood plasma that has filtered out of capillaries into microscopic spaces between cells is called
______
Interstital Fluid
The network of tiny bind-ended tubes distuributed in the tissue spaces
Lymphatic cappillaries
Lymph empties into which 2 terminal vessels ?
right lymphatic duct and thoratic duct
the thoratic duct has an enlarged pouchlike strcuture called _____
cisterna chylia
Lymph is filtered by moving through _____ _______, located in clusters along the pathway of lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
lymph ENTERS the node through _____
“ carry toward”
AFFERENT lymph vessels
lymph EXITS the node through ________
“carry away from”
EFFERENT lymph vessels
type of white blood cells ( B & T)
lymphocyte
largest lymphatic vessel in the body
thoratic duct
spleen, tonsils, thymus and lymph nodes are what _____ organs
Lmphoid
small lymphoid tissue organ located in the mediastinum extending to the midline of neck and largest at puberty
Thymus
- development of T cells
-secretes hormones ( thymosins)
-replaced by fat (involution)
Thymus
located in proctective ring under mucous membrane in the mouth and back of throat
-help protect against bacteria in the nasal and oral cavites
Tonsils
the tonsils on each side ________
palatine tonsils
swollen tonsils that lie in posterior opening of nasal cavity
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
base of the tongue
longual tonsils
enlargement of _______ tonsils cause difficulty breathing
pharyngeal
largest lymphoid organ in the body
serves as a reservior of blood
detroys worn out red blood cells
spleen
general protection against a wide array of pathogens and chemicals “ first reponders”
Nonspecific immunity
The response to threatening organisms and toxins “newly adapted enemies”
adaptive immunity
” immunization’’ vaccination results in activation of immune system and long-term protection
Artifical- Active exposture
substance that is introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it
Antigen
-neutralize toxins
-clump or agglutinate enemy cells
-promote phagocytosis
Antigen
chemicals released from cells to act as direct agents of nonspecific immunity (innate)
cytokines
also known as antibody- mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
process of changing molecule shape slightly to expose binding sites
complement cascade
small protein compound that plays a significant role in producing innate immunity against viral infections
interferon
inactive proteins in blood
complement
the most numerous cells of the immune system are …
lymphocytes
what occurs in the second stage of B cell development
activated B cells
what occurs last in the immune process ?
antibodies
moderate exercise ______
increases wbc
______ is apart of the cell membrane of B cells
antibodies
_______ B cells have one specific kind of defense mechanism on their cell membrane
immature
activation of b cell depends on the B cell coming in contact with____
Antigens
______ cells produce the large numbers of antibodies
Plasma
___ cells function to produce cell- mediated immunity
T
___ cells function indirectly to produce humoral immunity
B
HIV is associated with ___ cells
T
these terms are associated with what term
-neutrophils
-monocytes
-macrophages
-dendritic cells
phagocyte
ingestion and digestion of microorganisms or other small particles
phagocytosis
these terms are associated with what term
- Natural killer cells
-B Lymphocytes
-T Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
short- lived phagocytic cells; most abundant type of immune cell
Neutrophils
develop into phagocytic macrophages and migrate to tissues
Monocytes
often found at or near external surfaces
Dendritic cells
before birth B cells takes place ________
liver and bone marrow
In adults B cells takes place only in _____
bone marrow
release substances that kill infected cells
cytotoxic T cells
invovles T cells inactivating and killing specific pathogens
cell- mediated immunity
involves antibodies produced against specific antigens to activate them
antibody- mediated immunity
suppress/ shut down the immune response after the antigen has been destroyed
regulatory T cells
release compounds that produce antibodies, phagocytosis and promote the inflammatory response ( helps in the process of B cells)
Helper T cells
redness, pain and swelling describe which immune response …
inflammatory
two functions of the lymphatic system ?
fluid balance and immunity
which type of immunity is obtained through immunity ?
adaptive
how much blood volume does adult have ?
4-6 L of blood
what are the formed elements of blood ?
RBC, WBC, Platelet
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is the final step in the ____ formation
clot
what percentage of water is in plasma ?
91%
what areas are myeloid tissue located in ?
-hips
-ribs
-sternum
what substance is responsible for red pigmentation ?
hemoglobin
______ is 95% of dry weight of each red blood cell
Hemoglobin
_____ is the 45% of blood volume
hematocrit
_____ is found in gases, albumin, prothrombin
plasma
which WBC would elevate after a client experiences an allergic reaction ?
Basophils
narrowing of the blood vessel to stop bleeding in the clotting process
Vasoconstriction
a blood clot that travels to the lungs and cause blockage
embolism
-the granulocyte that is most mobile and phagocytic
-numbers increase during bacterial infections
neutrophils
which blood types have the Rh factor ?
A+ , O+ , AB+
Regulation of allergic reactions describe what term
eosinophils
monocyte and neutrophil are associated with _______
phagocytosis
what cell secretes antibodies
lymphocyte
erythocytes is another name for
RBC
leukocytes is another name for
WBC
which WBC
- promotes inflammation
-secrete heparin ( an anticoagulant)
- related to mast cells in tissue spaces
basophils
which WBC
-weak phagocyte
-active against parasites and parasitic worms
-involved in allergic reactions
Eosinophils
what are these cells ?
basophils
eosinphils
neutrophils
Granulocytes
what term are these cells ?
monocytes
lymphotyes
anti-granulocytes
what stem cells are blood forming cells that can be harvested from a donor or transplanted
Hematopoietic stem cells
which disease develops in a mother’s RH antibodies reacting with a RH- positive baby
Erythroblastosis fetalis
blood type is indentified based on what substance ?
antigens on a RED BLOOD CELL
inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body
anemia
normal percentage range of neutrophils in WBC
65- 75 %
a decrease in WBC
Leukopenia
