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Anatomy & Physicology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The term that secrete products INTO DUCTS that empty onto a surface or into a cavity

A

Exocrine Gland

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2
Q

The term that are DUCTLESS glands and secrete hormones

A

Endocrine Gland

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3
Q

The term that refers “ Too Little Hormone”

A

Hyposecretion

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4
Q

the term that refers “Too Much Hormone”

A

Hypersecretion

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5
Q

which gland is responsible for sweat glands, Salivary glands (Lymp nodes)

A

Exocrine Gland

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6
Q

what are the two major classes of hormones ?

A

Non-steroid and Steroid

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7
Q

The FEEDBACK that Reverses the direction in physiological system
(tries to maintain HOMEOSTATIC FEEDBACK

A

Negative Feedback

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8
Q

The FEEDBACK that Amplifyes physiological changes rather than reverse them
(contractions)

A

Positive Feedback

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9
Q

the term that is the liquid portion of blood

A

Plasma

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10
Q

The term with NO nuclei

A

Erythrocytes

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11
Q

The term that refers to ‘‘HEMATOPOIESIS’’

A

Myeloid Tissue

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12
Q

The term that refers to “The RBC volume”

A

Hematocrit

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13
Q

The term with WBCs and Platelets

A

Buffycoat

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14
Q

The term that refers to Allergy protection

A

Eosinophils

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15
Q

Abnormally high WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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16
Q

Abnormally high RBC count

A

Polycythemia

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17
Q

Abnormally LOW WBC count

A

Leukopenia

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18
Q

the term that refers to a “CLUMP”

A

Agglutinate

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19
Q

what are the 2 primary functions of blood ?

A

Transportation and Protection

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20
Q

what cavity is the heart located in ?

A

Thoracic cavity

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21
Q

1/3 of the heart is on the ______ halve

A

right

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22
Q

2/3 of the heart is on the _______ halve

A

left

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23
Q

The heart is a _________ organ shape

A

Triangular

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24
Q

what is the size of the heart ?

A

size of a closed fists

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25
Q

where is the heart located BETWEEN ?

A

the lungs and mediastum (sternum)

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26
Q

the _______ system that supplies body transportation needs
( organ system that inlcudes heart and lungs)

A

cardiovascular system

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27
Q

the _____ system that supplies transportation for the cells of the body
(cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels)

A

circulatory system

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28
Q

The body’s defense system against disease

A

Immune system

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29
Q

A system that moves FLUIDS and large molecules from the tissue spaces and lipid nutrients from the digestive system to the blood

A

Lymphatic system

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30
Q

______ a fluid formed in tissue spaces that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to back to the circulatory system

A

Lymph

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31
Q

Blood plasma that has filtered out of capillaries into microscopic spaces between cells is called
______

A

Interstital Fluid

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32
Q

The network of tiny bind-ended tubes distuributed in the tissue spaces

A

Lymphatic cappillaries

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33
Q

Lymph empties into which 2 terminal vessels ?

A

right lymphatic duct and thoratic duct

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34
Q

the thoratic duct has an enlarged pouchlike strcuture called _____

A

cisterna chylia

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35
Q

Lymph is filtered by moving through _____ _______, located in clusters along the pathway of lymphatic vessels

A

lymph nodes

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36
Q

lymph ENTERS the node through _____
“ carry toward”

A

AFFERENT lymph vessels

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37
Q

lymph EXITS the node through ________
“carry away from”

A

EFFERENT lymph vessels

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38
Q

type of white blood cells ( B & T)

A

lymphocyte

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39
Q

largest lymphatic vessel in the body

A

thoratic duct

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40
Q

spleen, tonsils, thymus and lymph nodes are what _____ organs

A

Lmphoid

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41
Q

small lymphoid tissue organ located in the mediastinum extending to the midline of neck and largest at puberty

A

Thymus

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42
Q
  • development of T cells
    -secretes hormones ( thymosins)
    -replaced by fat (involution)
A

Thymus

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43
Q

located in proctective ring under mucous membrane in the mouth and back of throat
-help protect against bacteria in the nasal and oral cavites

A

Tonsils

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44
Q

the tonsils on each side ________

A

palatine tonsils

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45
Q

swollen tonsils that lie in posterior opening of nasal cavity

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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46
Q

base of the tongue

A

longual tonsils

47
Q

enlargement of _______ tonsils cause difficulty breathing

A

pharyngeal

48
Q

largest lymphoid organ in the body
serves as a reservior of blood
detroys worn out red blood cells

A

spleen

49
Q

general protection against a wide array of pathogens and chemicals “ first reponders”

A

Nonspecific immunity

50
Q

The response to threatening organisms and toxins “newly adapted enemies”

A

adaptive immunity

51
Q

” immunization’’ vaccination results in activation of immune system and long-term protection

A

Artifical- Active exposture

52
Q

substance that is introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it

A

Antigen

53
Q

-neutralize toxins
-clump or agglutinate enemy cells
-promote phagocytosis

A

Antigen

54
Q

chemicals released from cells to act as direct agents of nonspecific immunity (innate)

A

cytokines

55
Q

also known as antibody- mediated immunity

A

Humoral immunity

56
Q

process of changing molecule shape slightly to expose binding sites

A

complement cascade

57
Q

small protein compound that plays a significant role in producing innate immunity against viral infections

A

interferon

58
Q

inactive proteins in blood

A

complement

59
Q

the most numerous cells of the immune system are …

A

lymphocytes

60
Q

what occurs in the second stage of B cell development

A

activated B cells

61
Q

what occurs last in the immune process ?

A

antibodies

62
Q

moderate exercise ______

A

increases wbc

63
Q

______ is apart of the cell membrane of B cells

A

antibodies

64
Q

_______ B cells have one specific kind of defense mechanism on their cell membrane

A

immature

65
Q

activation of b cell depends on the B cell coming in contact with____

A

Antigens

66
Q

______ cells produce the large numbers of antibodies

A

Plasma

67
Q

___ cells function to produce cell- mediated immunity

A

T

68
Q

___ cells function indirectly to produce humoral immunity

A

B

69
Q

HIV is associated with ___ cells

A

T

70
Q

these terms are associated with what term
-neutrophils
-monocytes
-macrophages
-dendritic cells

A

phagocyte

71
Q

ingestion and digestion of microorganisms or other small particles

A

phagocytosis

72
Q

these terms are associated with what term
- Natural killer cells
-B Lymphocytes
-T Lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

73
Q

short- lived phagocytic cells; most abundant type of immune cell

A

Neutrophils

74
Q

develop into phagocytic macrophages and migrate to tissues

A

Monocytes

75
Q

often found at or near external surfaces

A

Dendritic cells

76
Q

before birth B cells takes place ________

A

liver and bone marrow

77
Q

In adults B cells takes place only in _____

A

bone marrow

78
Q

release substances that kill infected cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

79
Q

invovles T cells inactivating and killing specific pathogens

A

cell- mediated immunity

80
Q

involves antibodies produced against specific antigens to activate them

A

antibody- mediated immunity

81
Q

suppress/ shut down the immune response after the antigen has been destroyed

A

regulatory T cells

82
Q

release compounds that produce antibodies, phagocytosis and promote the inflammatory response ( helps in the process of B cells)

A

Helper T cells

83
Q

redness, pain and swelling describe which immune response …

A

inflammatory

84
Q

two functions of the lymphatic system ?

A

fluid balance and immunity

85
Q

which type of immunity is obtained through immunity ?

A

adaptive

86
Q

how much blood volume does adult have ?

A

4-6 L of blood

87
Q

what are the formed elements of blood ?

A

RBC, WBC, Platelet

88
Q

conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is the final step in the ____ formation

A

clot

89
Q

what percentage of water is in plasma ?

A

91%

90
Q

what areas are myeloid tissue located in ?

A

-hips
-ribs
-sternum

91
Q

what substance is responsible for red pigmentation ?

A

hemoglobin

92
Q

______ is 95% of dry weight of each red blood cell

A

Hemoglobin

93
Q

_____ is the 45% of blood volume

A

hematocrit

94
Q

_____ is found in gases, albumin, prothrombin

A

plasma

95
Q

which WBC would elevate after a client experiences an allergic reaction ?

A

Basophils

96
Q

narrowing of the blood vessel to stop bleeding in the clotting process

A

Vasoconstriction

97
Q

a blood clot that travels to the lungs and cause blockage

A

embolism

98
Q

-the granulocyte that is most mobile and phagocytic
-numbers increase during bacterial infections

A

neutrophils

99
Q

which blood types have the Rh factor ?

A

A+ , O+ , AB+

100
Q

Regulation of allergic reactions describe what term

A

eosinophils

101
Q

monocyte and neutrophil are associated with _______

A

phagocytosis

102
Q

what cell secretes antibodies

A

lymphocyte

103
Q

erythocytes is another name for

A

RBC

104
Q

leukocytes is another name for

A

WBC

105
Q

which WBC
- promotes inflammation
-secrete heparin ( an anticoagulant)
- related to mast cells in tissue spaces

A

basophils

106
Q

which WBC
-weak phagocyte
-active against parasites and parasitic worms
-involved in allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

107
Q

what are these cells ?
basophils
eosinphils
neutrophils

A

Granulocytes

108
Q

what term are these cells ?
monocytes
lymphotyes

A

anti-granulocytes

109
Q

what stem cells are blood forming cells that can be harvested from a donor or transplanted

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

110
Q

which disease develops in a mother’s RH antibodies reacting with a RH- positive baby

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

111
Q

blood type is indentified based on what substance ?

A

antigens on a RED BLOOD CELL

112
Q

inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body

A

anemia

113
Q

normal percentage range of neutrophils in WBC

A

65- 75 %

114
Q

a decrease in WBC

A

Leukopenia

Anatomy & Physicology (15 decks)

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