Chapter 7: Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the Functions of the skeletal system ?
- Support
-movement
-Storage
-Hematopoiesis
Skeletal system protects _________ inside bone cavity
Soft tissue
The skull protects what ?
The brain
The ribs and breastbone protect the ________
Heart and lungs
The primary organs of the skeletal system
Bones
The internal frame work of the body
Skeleton
skeletal muscles attach to ________
Bones
______ organs are in the cavities that surround the breast bones and skeletal muscle
internal
The BLOOD forming tissue
Red bone marrow
Red bone marrow ______
- produce red blood cells
- Transport oxygen
- contains white blood cells
When a muscle _________ and _____________ they pull on bones and move them
Contract , shorten
What are the bones important roles
- Homoestasis
- nerve / muscle function
When calcium __________ normal level , calcium moves out of the blood and into the bones for storage
Exceeds
When calcium _______ below normal level, calcium moves from the bones to blood increasing calcium levels
Decreases
Calcium deposits and withdrawls balance is regulated by ________
Hormones
What gland increases mineralization in bone and decrease blood calcium levels
Thyroid gland = calcitonin (CT)
What gland decrease calcium in bone and increases blood calcium
Parathyroid Gland (PTH)
The cavities inside the bone store ______
Fat
What term is “BLOOD CELL FORMATION“ ?
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is carried into _____
Red Bone Marrow
SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUE inside hard walls of the bones
Red Bone Marrow
How many types of major bones ?
4
What are the major bone types ?
Long bong
Short bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones
What shape is a Sesamoid bone ?
Round
Sesamoid bones develop within a _______
Tendon
Example of a sesamoid bone ?
Kneecap (Patella) tendon
Example of a long bone
Humerus ( arm bone)
Example of short bone ?
Carpals (wrist bones)
example of a flat bone
Frontal /skull bone
Example of irregular bone
Vertebrae ( spinal ) bone
______ referes to the SHAFT of a long bone
Diaphysis
___________ cavity refers to YELLOW BONE MARROW or Fatty form marrow inside the Diaphysis bone
Medullary
_______ ends of the long bone
Epiphysis
_________ cartilage is smooth rubber cushion covering the epiphysis
Articular
______ is a strong membrane of fibrous tissue covering a long bone
Periosteum
______ membrane lines the Medullary cavity
Endosteum
What are the two major types of connective tissue ?
Bone and cartilage
What are the two types of bone tissue ?
Compact bone and spongy bone ( cancellous )
_________ bone contains MANY SPACES and is filled with red and yellow marrow
Spongy bone (cancellous)
_______ is a hard bone that DOES NOT contain spaces
Compact Bone
______ made of structural unit of compact bone tissue also referred as the “HAVERSION SYSTEM“
Osteon
Referred to as “BONE FORMING CELL“
Osteoblast
Referred to as “ BONE DISSOLVING CELL“
Osteoclast
Referred to as “ INACTIVE BONE CELL“
Ostecyte
_____ is A bone disease where there is excessive loss of calcified matrix
Osteoporosis
_____ a tubelike passage at the CENTER OF A STRUCTURE
Central canal
______ a ring of calcified matrix surrounding harversian canal
Concentric lamella
______ canal that is referred to as the “ COMMUNICATING CANAL “ aka volkmann canal
Transverse
______ is referred to as “ SPACE/ CAVITY “
Lacunae
____ narrow tubular passage or channel in compact bone
Canaliculi
_____ bone that form “ HARD SHELLS“ of a bone ( chicken bone )
Compact bone
————- “ CYLINDRICAL UNIT “
Osteons
What bone tissue is constructed of thing bony branches
Cancellous (spongy) bone
_____ tissue structure consist of firm gel fibers and flexible firm plastic
Cartilage
_______ is also called cartilage cells
Chrondrocytes
Are there blood vessels in cartilage tissue ?
No
_______ tissue rebuils itself slowly after an injury
Cartilage
__________ ossification is the process where bones are formed from cartilage models
Endrochondral
The “ SOFT SPOTS “ on a newborn baby’s skull are
Fontanels
_________ ossification is a process where FLAT BONES are formed in connective tissue
Intramembranous
_______ is needed for the bone to continue to grow “ GROWTH PLATE“
Epiphyseal Plate
How many cranial bones are there ?
8
how many facial bones are there ?
14
How many tiny bones in the middle ear ?
6
What are the two major divisions of the skeleton ?
Appendicular and axial
What bone parts are in the axial skeleton ?
Skull
Hyoid
Spine
Thorax
what bones form the appendicular skeleton ?
Arms and legs ( upper/ lower extremities )
How many bones are in the skeleton ?
206
Cranial, ear, facial, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and hyoid are in what skeleton division ?
Axial
Wrist, hand, arm, shoulder, pelvic, thigh, ankle and foot bones are in what skeleton division ?
Appendicular
How many axial bones are in the skeleton ?
80
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton ?
126
What are the cranial bones ?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
These are _______ bones
Nasal
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Mandible
Lacrimal
Palatine
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Facial
Malleus, incus and stapes are what kind of bones ?
Ear
What bone does not join with another bone and is “ U shaped “
Hyoid
What skeleton are these terms apart of __________ what part of the skeleton are these…
Clavicle
Scapula
Humorous
Radius
Ulna
Carpal
Metacarpal
Phalanges
Appendicular and upper extremities
These bones apart of which skeleton division and what extremity
Coxal
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Appendicular and Lower
What skeleton division these are apart of and part ?
Sternum
Ribs
Axial and thorax
The vertebrae bones is apart of which skeleton division ?
Cervical
Throracc
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Axial
Paranasal Sinuses are apart of what cavity ?
Frontal
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Spaces/ cavities in cranial bones
Sinuses
Immovable joints are called
Suctures
How many bones are in the vertebrae column ?
24
The axis and atlas is apart of the
Vertebrae
The two terms of the side of the spine
Thoracic and sacral curves
______ curvature rounds outward
Convex
________ this curvature curves inward
Concave
The two terms for the STRAIGHT part of the spine are
Cervical and lumbar
A continuous convex curve is the _________ curvature
Primary
The cervicaland lumbar curvatures are the ________ curatures
Secondary
_______ ribs attatch the sternum
True ribs
———— ribs DO NOT attatch directly to the sternum
False
What are the 4 types of ribs ?
Floating
True
False
Sternum
What are the 3 types of joints ?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Which joints have no movement ?
Synarthrosis
Which joints have slight movement ?
Amphiathrosis
which joints are freely moveable ?
Diarthrosis
What are the 6 types of joints are ___________ joints ?
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
Glinding
Saddle
Condyloid
Diarthrosis
Cords or bands of strong fibrous connective tissue as the JOINT CAPSULE
ligaments
Which joint includes su turns between skull bones ?
Synarthrosis
Which joint is made by cartilage ?
Amphiarthrosis
Which joint type contains the joint capsule, cavity layer ligament and layer of smooth cartilage ?
Diarthrosis
______ fliud acts as lubricant and cushion
Synovial
Bending of the elbow is _____ and _____ the angle joint
Flexion and decrease
______ straightening a bent elbow and ______ the angle joint
Extension and increase
Flexion and extension is an example of what diarthrosis joint ?
Hinge joint
______ Rotating a joint spins at one bone relative to another
Rotation
Rotation is an example of what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Pivot joint
_____ a joint moves the DISTAL end of the bone in a circle while the proximal part is stable
Circumducting
Circumducting is an example of what kind of diadthrosis joint ?
Ball and socket
_____ move a part away from midline and _____ the angle joint
Abduction and increases
Abduction is a ________ diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
_______ move a part towards the midline and ______ the angle joint
Adduction and decreases
Adduction is a _______ diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
_____ the term that goes UP the vertebrae
Acending
______ the term that goes DOWN the vertebrae
Decending
Shoulder and hip are what type of diarthrosis joints ?
Ball and socket
The elbow and knee is what diarthrosis joint
Hinge joint
Head and neck are what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Pivot
Superior and inferior articulating process is what type of diarthrosis joint ?
Glinding
The distal end of the radius / carpal bones (bones that condyle) are an example of which diarthrosis joint ?
Condyloid joint
_______ is the thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis
Articular cartilage
Shin bone is the
Ulna
Bones in the palm of your hands
Carpals
The heel bone
Calcaneus
The bone that runs along forearm
Humerus
Need like threads of spongy bone
Trabeculae
Fibers embedded in a firm gel
Cartilage
Outer covering of bone
Periosteum
Porous bone
Spongy bone
Dense bone tissue
Compact
Ring of bone
Lamellae
Connect lacunae
Canaliculi
The 27 bones in the wrist and hand allow more
Dexterity
In a child there are 5 of these bones that fuse into one as a adult
Sacrum
The spinal cord enters the cranium through a large hole one the _______ bone
Occipital
When a baby learns to stand the ______ are of the spine becomes concave
Lumbar
The mastoid process is a part of the _____ bone
Temporal
