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Anatomy & Physicology > Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis of body fluids, where input and output are balanced

A

fluid balance

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2
Q

the total volume of water in the body have increased or decreased beyond normal amounts

A

fluid imbalance

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3
Q

substances that are electrically charged group of ions

A

electrolytes

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4
Q

a group of atoms

A

ions

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5
Q

homeostasis of normal electrolyte levels in the body fluids

A

electrolyte balance

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6
Q

the most abundant compound in the body

A

water

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7
Q

total water volume for infant

A

75%

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8
Q

total water volume for male

A

60%

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9
Q

total water volume for female

A

50%

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10
Q

a group of seperated spaces in the body that function all in one compartment

A

fliud compartment

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11
Q

extracellular and intracellular are the two major fluid ______

A

compartments

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12
Q

consist mainly of the liquid part of whole blood (plasma) found in blood vessels

A

extracellular

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13
Q

fluid that surrounds the cells

A

interstital fluid

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14
Q

fluid that consist of cerebrospinal fluid, fluids of the eyeball and synovial joint fluids

A

transcellular fluid

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15
Q

the largest volume of body fluid located inside of all cells of the body

A

intracellular fluid

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16
Q

theses are examples of fluid ______
-water in foods we eat
-liquids we drink
-water formed by catabolism of nutrients (cellular respiration)

A

fluid intake

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17
Q

these are examples of water ______
-water evapor lost when we exhale
-sweat that evaporates from the skin
-urine output by the kidney
-water lost in feces

A

output

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18
Q

fluid _____ occurs in the kidney, lungs, skin and intestines

A

output

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19
Q

which organ excrete the most fluid output

A

kidney

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20
Q

antidiueretic hormone released from posterior pitutary gland ______ and the Extracellular fluid ______

A

increases , decreases

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21
Q

which hormone promotes water reabsorption from the kidney tubule back to the blood

A

anti- diueretic (ADH)

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22
Q

which hormones reduces water output

A

anti-diuretic (ADH) and aldosterone

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23
Q

which hormone increases sodium NA+ reaborption from the kidney tubles

A

aldosterone

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24
Q

which hormone increases urine volume

A

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

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25
Q

which hormone is released when blood volume is higher than normal which stretches the atrium, and promotes sodium loss from the kidney tubules

A

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

26
Q

factors that adjust fluid output

A

electrolytes and blood proteins

27
Q

the ____ is the mobile medium that can move fluids around quickly to even out any local fluid imbalances

A

blood plasma

28
Q

______ blood pressure is a “water- pushing” force

A

capillary

29
Q

if capillary blood pressure decreases less ____ filters out of blood into interstital fluid

A

fluid

30
Q

changes blood and interstital fluid volumes

A

fluid shift

31
Q

hold water into the blood and can pull additional water into the blood from interstital fluid “water pulling”

A

plasma proteins

32
Q

abnormally high or low volumes of one or more body fluids

A

fluid imbalances

33
Q

significant loss of only water from the body

A

dehydration

34
Q

hot weather and excercise cause increases in water _____ maily by sweating

A

output

35
Q

diarrhea and vomitting are causes of

A

dehydration

36
Q

a clinical sign of dehydration, of decreased resilency

A

turgor

37
Q

having more water in the body than needed, rapid loss of water in urine

A

overhydration

38
Q

rapidly drinking large volumes of water and not excreting the urine out

A

water intoxication

39
Q

carry a positive or negative electrical charge

A

ions

40
Q

positively charged ions (sodium)

A

cautions

41
Q

negatively chargred ions (chloride)

A

anions

42
Q

these are sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

A

cations

43
Q

these are chloride, bicarbonate, phosphates

A

anions

44
Q

proteins can be anionic when they contain negatively charged amino acids

A
45
Q

in _____ fluid sodium is the dominate postively ion and chloride is the dominate negative ion

A

extracellular fluid

46
Q

in _____ fluid potassium is positive and anionic proteins are negative

A

intracellular fluid

47
Q

____ is required for hemoglobin production

A

iron

48
Q

_____ must be available for synthesis of thyroid hormones

A

iodine

49
Q

____ is required for nerve conduction and muscle contraction

A

electrolytes

50
Q

tissue swelling, abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstital tissue spaces of the body

A

edema

51
Q

swollen subcutaneous tissue that do not rapidly refill after you push down on it

A

pitting edema

52
Q

the _____ acts as the chief regulator of sodium levels in body fluids

A

kidney

53
Q

diruption in levels of normal chemical activity of a particular electrolyte

A

electrolyte imbalance

54
Q

hypernatremia - blood sodium level is more than 145

A

overuse of table salt, dehydration and diarrhea

55
Q

hyponatremia - when the blood sodium level is below 136

A

too much water in extracellular fluid, excessive salt loss resulting from burns or diuretics. causes headaches, confusion, seizures, coma or death

56
Q

normal range for potassium 3.5 - 5.1

A
57
Q

hyperkalemia - blood potassium levels or more than 5.1

A

caused by tissue trauma/ burns, renal failure or inability of the kidneys to excrete excess potassium

58
Q

hypoklameia - low blood potassium below 3.5

A

caused by abuse of laxatives, extreme weight loss, loss of potassium through diarrhea, vomitting and gastric suction

59
Q

normal range for calcium is 4.2 - 5.25
8.4 - 10.5

A
60
Q

hypercalcemia - blood calcium levels is higher than normal more than 5.25

A

fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, impaired cardiac conduction

61
Q

hypocalcemia - blood calcium level is lower than 4.2

A

muscle cramping and twiching of muscles, hyperactive reflexescardiac dysrthymia

62
Q

an abnormal spasm of facial muscles (in hypocalcemic patients)

A

chvostek sign

Anatomy & Physicology (15 decks)

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