exam 2 - unit 8 - ch 23 Flashcards
did pres wilson have any desire to embroil the us in the bloody and lengthy war that was going on in the us
no
what did wilsons foreign policy through his first term and his campaign for reelection focus on
keeping the us out of the war and involving the country in international affairs only when there was moral imperative to do so
what countries were in the triple entente alliance
france, great britan, and russia
who was in the central powers, or the triple alliance, that was opposite the triple entente alliance
germany, austria-hungary, and the ottoman empire, and initially italy
a series of side treaties likewise entangled the larger european powers to what
the larger powers to protect several smaller ones should war break out
in bosnia’s capital of _____, gavrilo princip and his accomplices assassinated the _____ _____ archduke in their fight for a ___ ____ nation
sarajevo
austro-hungarian
pan-slavic
why did austria-hungary declare war serbia with the confidence that it had the backing of germany
bc serbia failed to accede to austro-hungarian demands in the wake of the archdukes murder
why did austria declaring war on serbia bring russia into the conflict
due to a treaty in which they had agreed to defend serbia
why did germany follow suit and declare war on russia
they feared that russia and france would seize the opportunity to move on germany if they did not take the offense
what drew great britan into war
the german invasion of belgium
what followed britain joining the war
the attack of the ottoman empire on russia
by the end of ____ ____ is seemed as if europe had dragged the entire world into war
august 1914
what were some weapons that both sides used
new artillery, tanks, airplanes, machine guns, barbed wire, and poison gas
what did the new weapons do
strengthened defenses
turned each military offense into barbarous sacrifices of thousands of lives with minimal territorial advances in return
what was the total military death toll by the end of the war
10 M
how many civilian deaths caused by military action
1 M
civilian deaths caused by famine, disease, or other factors
6 M
what was one terrifying new piece of technology warfare did the germans use
the german unterseeboot - and undersea boat or U-boat
by 1918, german u-boats had sunk nearly ________ vessels
5,000
what was the greatest historical note of the u-boats
the attack on the british passenger ship, RMS Lusitania on its way from NY to liverpool on may 7, 1915
what was the cause of the attack on the rms lusitania
the german embassy in the us announced that this ship would be subject to attack for its cargo of ammunition, which later proved accurate
how many people dies in the attack on the rms lusitania
1,200 civilians including 128 americans
what event tested wilsons desire to stay out of what had been a largely euro conflict
the attack on the rms lusitania, which horrified the world and gained support for england and beyond for the war
how did the zimmermann telegram start
the british intercepted and decoded a secret telegram from german foreign minister aurthus zimmerman to the german embassador to mexico
what did the telegram say
it instructed the latter to invite mexico to join the war effort on the german side, if the us declared war on germany
the telegram also encouraged mexico to do what
invade the us if a declaration came to pass, bc mexico’s invasion would create a diversion and permit germany a clear path to victory
what did zimmerman promise mexico in exchange in the telegram
he would return mexico the land they lost to the us in the mexican-american war, including arizona, NM and TX
wilsons last effort to avoid bringing the us into ww1 was captured on what
in a speech he gave to the us senate on jan 22,1917
what was the speech’s name that wilson gave as a last effort
peace without victory
what was wilsons speech about for the last effort
extolled the country to be patient, as the countries involved in the war were nearing peace
did wilson enter the war unwillingly
yes
once the us joined the war, wilson moved quickly to use ____ _____ and ____ _____ to put into place the conditions for the nations success
federal legislation
government oversight
what ensured that americans would either support the war or at least stay silent
aggressive propaganda campaigns combined with a series of restrictive laws to silent dissenters
while some conscientious objectors and others spoke out, the ____ ______ were largely successful in silencing those who favored ______
government efforts
neutrality
to compose a fighting force, congress passed the _____ _____ ____ in 1917
selective service act
what did the selective service acy to in 1917
required all men aged 21-30 to register for the draft
in 1918, what changed about the draft
the ages changed to 18-45
how many men participated in combat operations overseas
2 M men
among the volunteers, houw many woman
20,000
what part of the woman went to france to serve as nurses or in clerical positions
quarter
some school banned the teaching of the ____ ____
german language
what did some restaurants serve instead of frankfurters, sauerkraut, and hamburgers
liberty dogs with liberty cabbage
liberty sandwiches
symphonies refused to preform music written by ______ composers
german
what did the sedition act, passed in 1918 do
prohibited any criticism or disloyal language against the us
what was banned from critisicing from the sedition act
fed gov and its policies, the us constitution, military uniform or the american flag
more than ______ persons were charged with violating these laws, and many received prison sentences of up to ______ years
2,000
20 years
in 1917, roger baldwin formed the ____ _____ _____ _____
national civil liberties bureau
what was the national civil liberties a forerunner of
the american civil liberties union
what did the national civil liberties bureau do
challenged the government’s policies against wartime dissent and conscienctious objection
for what groups did the war provide opportunities for advancement
woman and blacks
how did they gain advancement
they took on jobs that had previously been preserved for white men
in return for a ___ ____ pledge, workers gained the right to organize
no strike
many of these shifts were ______ and the end of the war came with a _____ _____ that the old social order would be ______
temporary
cultural expectation
reinstated
for women, the ______ _____ was complicated by the war
economic situation
why were things complicated for women by the war
the departure of wage-earning men and the higher cost of living pushed many towards less comfortable lives
what happened when the war ended and the men returned home looking for work
women were fired from their jobs and expected to return home and care for their families
blacks served in ______ unites and suffered from the widespread racism in the military _____, often serving in menial or _______ roles
segregated
hierarchy
support
what was the 369th infantry known as
the harlem hellfighters
what did the harlem hellfighters do
served on the frontline of france for 6 months, longer than any other american unit
171 men from the 369 infantry received the _____ of ______ for meritorious service in combat
legion of merit
the 19th amendment passed in ______ ____ and the states ratified if by august ____
june 1919
1920
what did the 19th amendment do
prohibited all efforts to deny the right to vote on the basis of sex: it took effect in time for american women to vote in the pres election of 1920
compared to the incredible carnage endured by europe, the us’s battles were _____ and _______
brief and successful
for wilson, the victory in the fields of france was not followed by triumphs in ______ or ______, where his vision of a new world order was rejected by his allied _____ and then by the us ______
versailles
washington dc
counterparts
congress
the russian revolution toppled the hate regime of
tsar nicholas II
the russian revolution ushered in a ____ ____ from which the bolshevik faction of ______ _______ under the leadership of vladimir linin emerged victorious
civil war
communist revolutionaries
why did the russian delegates agree to sign a generous peace treaty with germany
they were weakened by war and internal strife, eager to build a new soviet union
what was the result of facing civil unrest from the german people in berlin and the loss of support from his military high command
kaiser wilhem abdicated his throne on nov 9, 1918 and immediately fled by train to the netherlands
on nov 11, 1918, germany and allies declared an _____ ____, thus bringing the fighting to a stop and signaling the beginning of the peace process
immediate armistice
what became known as the 14 points
openness in all matters of diplomacy and trade, especially free trade, freedom of seas, and end to secret treaties and negotiations, promotion of self-determination of all nations and more
what was the league of nations
wilsons idea for a group of countries that would promote a new world order and territorial integrity through open discussions rather than the intimidation and war
what officially concluded ww1
the treaty of versallies
from the treaty of versallies, france gained much of the disputed _____ along their border with germany
territory
what else did france gain from the treaty
passage of a “war guilt clause” that demanded germany take public responsibility for starting and prosecuting the war that led to so much deaths and destruction
GB led the charge that resulted in germany agreeing to pay reparation in excess of ____ _____ to the allies
33 billion
americans indicated their desire for a gov that would leave them alone, keep taxes low, and limit social progressivism and international intervention by doing what
voting in pres warren g harding in a landslide election
what was an unexpected and unwanted effect of soldiers returning hom
the emergence of a new strain of influenza that medical professionals had never encountered before
how may americans fell ill from the flu within months of the wars end
20 M
how many americans died from the flu
675,000
when did the disease mysteriously disappear
1919
worldwide, the estimate shows that _____ M people suffered form this flu strain and __ M people died
500 M
50M
during the ____ ____ of 1919, northern cities recorded 25 bloody race riots that killed over 250 people
red summer
what happened at the chicago race riot in 1919
a white mob stoned a young black boy to death because he swam too close to the white beach on lake michigan
did police arrest the perpetrator who threw the rock a the black boy
no
the chicago race riot led to a ____ long riot that left __ blacks and __ whites dead, as well as ___ dollars’ worth of damage to the city
week long
23
15
millions
