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hist 1493 ruskoski > exam 2 - unit 5 - ch 20 > Flashcards

exam 2 - unit 5 - ch 20 Flashcards

1
Q

in the years following the civil war, american politics were _______, ________, and at the federal lever, largely ________ in terms of addressing the challenges that americans faced

A

disjointed, corrupt, ineffective

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2
Q

who dominated through systematic graft and bribery

A

local and regional politics, and the bosses who ran the political machines

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3
Q

americans realized that the solutions to the mounting problems would not come from D.C. but from

A

their local political leaders

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4
Q

who coined the phase “gilded age”

A

mark twain

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5
Q

who did mark twain co-author “the gilded age: a tale of today” in 1873

A

charles dudley warner

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6
Q

what did the gilded age: a tale of today satirize

A

the corruption of post-civil war society and politics

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7
Q

what only thinly glossed over the stark economic inequalities and various degrees of corruption of the era

A

popular excitement over national growth and industrialization

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8
Q

politicians of the time largely catered into ______ ______ in exchange for _____ ______ and_______

A

business interests
political support
wealth

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9
Q

many politicians participated in ____ and _____-

A

graft and bribery

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10
Q

what excuse did politicians use to justify their actions

A

that corruption was too widespread for a successful politician to resist

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11
Q

what is mark twains real name

A

samuel

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12
Q

very few measures offered direct assistance to americans who continued to struggle with the transformation into an ______ ______

A

industrial society

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13
Q

what made the passage of effective legislation difficult

A

the inefficiency of a patronage-driven federal gov, combined with a growing laissez-faire attitude among the american public

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14
Q

at the heart of each president’s administration was the protection of the

A

spoils system

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15
Q

what is the spoils system

A

the power of the president to practice widespread political patronage

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16
Q

what is patronage, in that case

A

it took the form of the president naming his friends and supporters to various political posts

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17
Q

why was the maintenance of political machinery and repaying favors with patronage important to all presidents, regardless of party affiliation

A

the close calls in presidential elections during the era

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18
Q

what did president jackson do immediately upon assuming office in march 1829

A

he swept employees from over 900 political offices, amounting to 10% of all federal appoitments

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19
Q

who was hit the hardest from jackson

A

us postal service

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20
Q

jackson appointed his supporters and close friends to over 400 positions in the service t/f

A

t

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21
Q

what did president chester a author sign into law in 1883

A

the pendleton civil service act

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22
Q

what was the pendleton civil service act

A

the first significant piece of antipatronage legislation

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23
Q

what did the pendleton civil service act create

A

the civil service commission

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24
Q

what did the civil service commision do

A

listed all government patronage jobs and set aside approximately 10% of the list as appoinments to be determined through a competitive civil service examination process

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25
Q

what else did the law do, specifically to prevent future presidents from undoing this reform

A

the law declared that future presidents could enlarge the list but never shrink it by moving a civil service job back into the patronage column

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26
Q

what factors left the country’s farmers in increasingly desperate straits

A

overproduction and high tariffs

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27
Q

the government’s inability to address their concerns left the farmers….

A

disillusioned and worried

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28
Q

uneven responses from state governments had many farmers seeking…

A

an alternative solution to their problems

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29
Q

farmers took notes from ____ and began to organize into alliances similar to workers unions

A

labor movements growing in industrial cities around the country

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30
Q

what were models of cooperation where larger numbers could offer more bargaining power with major players such as railroads

A

the alliances farmers organized

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31
Q

alliances were able to initiate widespread change for their benefit t/f

A

f

32
Q

what was a major problem for farmers

A

debt

33
Q

drawing from the cohesion of purpose, farmers sought to …

A

create change from the inside: through politics

34
Q

the farmers hoped that the creation of the populist party would lead to a president who…

A

put the people (farmers) first

35
Q

when was the populist party created

A

1891

36
Q

what was the farmers alliance

A

a conglomeration of three regional alliances formed in the mid-1880s

37
Q

the farmers alliance took root in …

A

the wake of the grange movement

38
Q

who led the southern alliance

A

dr. charles macane

39
Q

what was the southern alliance

A

was based in TX and had over 100,000 members by 1886

40
Q

who urged the creation of a national alliance between the northern, southern, and colored alliance

A

dr. charles macane

41
Q

what was the largest aa organization in the US

A

the colored alliance

42
Q

who led the colored alliance

A

tom watson

43
Q

where was the colored alliance founded

A

tx but quickly spread throughout the old south

44
Q

how many members were in the colored alliance

A

1 M

45
Q

aa origionally advocated for self-help t/f

A

t

46
Q

did african americans begin to understand the benefits of political organizations and the unified voice to improve plight

A

yes

47
Q

what kept the alliance splintered among the three component branches

A

racism

48
Q

the farmers alliance brought together over ____ members

A

2.5 M

49
Q

how much of the farmers alliance was black and white

A

1.5M white 1M black

50
Q

who did populists choose to model themselves after as the 1892 pres election approached

A

democratic and republican parties

51
Q

what did the populists write at their national convention the summer of 1892 in nebraska

A

the omaha platform

52
Q

what did the populists hope to do

A

shock the country with a “third-party” victory

53
Q

what did the omaha platform do

A

more fully explain to all americans the goals of the new party

54
Q

who wrote the omaha platform

A

ignatius donnelly

55
Q

who did the platform statement vilify as being part of a widespread conspiracy to control farmers

A

railroad owners, bankers, big businessmen

56
Q

the platform called for adoption of the

A

subtreasury plan

57
Q

what was included in the subtreasury plan

A

gov control over railroads, end to national bank system, creation of federal income tax, direct election of us senators, and more measures.

58
Q

what was the aim of the subtreasury plan

A

a more proactive federal gov that would support the economic and social welfare of all americans

59
Q

the populist movement began to grow bc

A

the federal gov continued to offer few solutions

60
Q

who did democrats chose as their candidate

A

william jennings bryan

61
Q

what politician largely fit the mold of the populist platform

A

william jennings bryan

62
Q

who was born in nebraska and had the avocacy of the silver standard

A

william jennings bryan

63
Q

did the populists support bryan and why or why not

A

yes, bc they hoped to see a candidate in the white house who would embody the populist goals, if not the party name

64
Q

did bryan win the election

A

no, he lost to william mckinley

65
Q

what happened after bryan lost

A

the populist party lost much of its momentum

66
Q

what is the free coinage of silver

A

silver standard

67
Q

what are tariffs

A

taxes on imported goods

68
Q

bryan _____ the importance of a ______-______ monetary system and urged the gov to coin more ______

A

defended
silver-based
silver

69
Q

bryan was very familiar with the _____ _____

A

famers plight

70
Q

bryan saw some merit in the _____ _____ _____

A

subtreasury system proposal

71
Q

did mckinley or bryan run a typical 19th century style front porch campaign

A

mckinley

72
Q

what is the front porch type campaign

A

you would stand on your front porch and people would come to your house and listen to you give speeches

73
Q

who delivered speeches throughout the country , bringing the message to people that republicans “shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold”

A

bryan

74
Q

the result of the election finally saw a pres win a majority of the popular vote for the first time in

A

24 yrs

75
Q

_____ defeated ____ by a popular vote of 7.1M to 6.5M

A

mckinley defeated bryan

76
Q

bryans popular vote exceeded that of any other pres candidate in american history, win or lose t/f

A

t

77
Q

what was the wizard of oz actually about

A

politics and money

hist 1493 ruskoski (8 decks)

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