exam 1 - unit 4 - chapter 19 Flashcards
what new technologies transformed factory work
electricity and steam engines
why did factories move closer to urban centers and away from rivers
they can get power from electricity now, and not need to rely on water to be power
why was there a massive need for workers in factories
electricity allowed for electric lighting, which allowed for factories to be open all hours of the night
where did workers pour in from
rural areas of the US and from eastern and southern europe
what caused workers to live close to the factories they worked in
factories being open all hours of the night, them working 12 hr shifts
prior to the 1800s, what was the most common form of tranportation
omnibus
what was an ombibus
a large, horse drawn carriage, often placed on iron or steel tracks to provide a smoother ride
what company invented the first electric elevator
the otis elevator company, led by inventor james otis
what year was the first electric elevator insatalled
1889
who spent much of their time in the slums and tenements of NY’s working poor
jacob riis
what was “How the other half lives” by riis about
it was about how the poor live in NY city and how appalled riis was by what he saw
what provided some relief to the challenges of the working class life
churches and civic organizations
what was the concept of the social gospel
that all christians should be as concerned about the conditions of life in the secular world as the afterlife
what did churches begin to include as well as offer evening classes on hygine and health care
gymnasiums and libraries
what other religious organizations began to reach out to cities as well
salvation army and the young mens christian association (ymca)
what was the settlement house movement
a group worked to create settlement houses in urban centers
who was the settlement house movement meant to help
the working class, particularly working class women
what the settlement house movement led by a religion
no
why did aa move away from the south
seeking wages and steady work, vote safely, get away from racial violence
was racial discrimination and violence limited to the south
no
how many aa fled the rural south between the end of civil war and beginning of gd
2 M
where did the vast majority of the great migration move to
northeast and upper midwest
what 8 cities accounted for over 2/3 of the total population of aa migration
NY, chicago, philidelphia, st.louis, detroit, pittsburgh, cleveland, indianapolis
did the flow of southern and eastern european immigrants or northern and western immigrants increase in the 1880s
southern and eastern
most southern and eastern immigrants were…
catholics, different than N and W
most northern and western immigrants were..
protestant
what was opened by the bureau of immigration in NYC to assist in the processing and management of immigrants
ellis island
what year did ellis island open
1892
today nearly _____ of all americans have ancestors who entered through ellis island
half
what was entertainment and leisure-time activities for the working poor
amusement parks and baseball games
what was entertainment for the wealthy
immersion in arts and culture
example of the city beautiful
central park in NY
what did the phrase machine politics mean
it referred to the process by which every citizen of the city was a ward resident with an alderman who spoke on their behalf at city hall
what were everyday challenges
sanitation problems, need of a sidewalk along a muddy road
what would citizens do when a challenge arose
they would contact their alderman
who would aldermen work with to get the problems fixed
the “machine” of local politics
in machine politics, favors were exchanged for
votes
in machine politics, votes were given in exchange for
fast solutions
the price of solutions in machine politics included a
kickback to the boss
what was an example of a machine political system
democratic machine, Tammany Hall in NY
who ran tammany hall
william tweed with assistance from george washington plunkitt
what was the financial kickback provided to city bosses in exchange for political favors
gaft
what was a popular amusement park in brooklyn in 1895
coney island
what was another popular form of entertainment
professional baseball. for a dollar a person could enjoy a double header, two hot dogs, and a beer
fiction writers often used realism to what
paint an accurate portrait of how people were living at the time
popular fiction writer
mark twain
who took darwin’s theory of evolution further
herbert spences
what was darwin’s theory
the belief that we came from animals and the earth, evolution
what was social darwisim
society evolved much like a natural organism, wherein some individuals will succeed due to racially and ethnically inherent traits, and their ability to adapt
