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hist 1493 ruskoski > exam 1 - unit 4 - chapter 19 > Flashcards

exam 1 - unit 4 - chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

what new technologies transformed factory work

A

electricity and steam engines

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2
Q

why did factories move closer to urban centers and away from rivers

A

they can get power from electricity now, and not need to rely on water to be power

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3
Q

why was there a massive need for workers in factories

A

electricity allowed for electric lighting, which allowed for factories to be open all hours of the night

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4
Q

where did workers pour in from

A

rural areas of the US and from eastern and southern europe

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5
Q

what caused workers to live close to the factories they worked in

A

factories being open all hours of the night, them working 12 hr shifts

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6
Q

prior to the 1800s, what was the most common form of tranportation

A

omnibus

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7
Q

what was an ombibus

A

a large, horse drawn carriage, often placed on iron or steel tracks to provide a smoother ride

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8
Q

what company invented the first electric elevator

A

the otis elevator company, led by inventor james otis

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9
Q

what year was the first electric elevator insatalled

A

1889

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10
Q

who spent much of their time in the slums and tenements of NY’s working poor

A

jacob riis

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11
Q

what was “How the other half lives” by riis about

A

it was about how the poor live in NY city and how appalled riis was by what he saw

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12
Q

what provided some relief to the challenges of the working class life

A

churches and civic organizations

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13
Q

what was the concept of the social gospel

A

that all christians should be as concerned about the conditions of life in the secular world as the afterlife

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14
Q

what did churches begin to include as well as offer evening classes on hygine and health care

A

gymnasiums and libraries

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15
Q

what other religious organizations began to reach out to cities as well

A

salvation army and the young mens christian association (ymca)

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16
Q

what was the settlement house movement

A

a group worked to create settlement houses in urban centers

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17
Q

who was the settlement house movement meant to help

A

the working class, particularly working class women

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18
Q

what the settlement house movement led by a religion

A

no

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19
Q

why did aa move away from the south

A

seeking wages and steady work, vote safely, get away from racial violence

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20
Q

was racial discrimination and violence limited to the south

A

no

21
Q

how many aa fled the rural south between the end of civil war and beginning of gd

A

2 M

22
Q

where did the vast majority of the great migration move to

A

northeast and upper midwest

23
Q

what 8 cities accounted for over 2/3 of the total population of aa migration

A

NY, chicago, philidelphia, st.louis, detroit, pittsburgh, cleveland, indianapolis

24
Q

did the flow of southern and eastern european immigrants or northern and western immigrants increase in the 1880s

A

southern and eastern

25
Q

most southern and eastern immigrants were…

A

catholics, different than N and W

26
Q

most northern and western immigrants were..

A

protestant

27
Q

what was opened by the bureau of immigration in NYC to assist in the processing and management of immigrants

A

ellis island

28
Q

what year did ellis island open

A

1892

29
Q

today nearly _____ of all americans have ancestors who entered through ellis island

A

half

30
Q

what was entertainment and leisure-time activities for the working poor

A

amusement parks and baseball games

31
Q

what was entertainment for the wealthy

A

immersion in arts and culture

32
Q

example of the city beautiful

A

central park in NY

33
Q

what did the phrase machine politics mean

A

it referred to the process by which every citizen of the city was a ward resident with an alderman who spoke on their behalf at city hall

34
Q

what were everyday challenges

A

sanitation problems, need of a sidewalk along a muddy road

35
Q

what would citizens do when a challenge arose

A

they would contact their alderman

36
Q

who would aldermen work with to get the problems fixed

A

the “machine” of local politics

37
Q

in machine politics, favors were exchanged for

A

votes

38
Q

in machine politics, votes were given in exchange for

A

fast solutions

39
Q

the price of solutions in machine politics included a

A

kickback to the boss

40
Q

what was an example of a machine political system

A

democratic machine, Tammany Hall in NY

41
Q

who ran tammany hall

A

william tweed with assistance from george washington plunkitt

42
Q

what was the financial kickback provided to city bosses in exchange for political favors

A

gaft

43
Q

what was a popular amusement park in brooklyn in 1895

A

coney island

44
Q

what was another popular form of entertainment

A

professional baseball. for a dollar a person could enjoy a double header, two hot dogs, and a beer

45
Q

fiction writers often used realism to what

A

paint an accurate portrait of how people were living at the time

46
Q

popular fiction writer

A

mark twain

47
Q

who took darwin’s theory of evolution further

A

herbert spences

48
Q

what was darwin’s theory

A

the belief that we came from animals and the earth, evolution

49
Q

what was social darwisim

A

society evolved much like a natural organism, wherein some individuals will succeed due to racially and ethnically inherent traits, and their ability to adapt

hist 1493 ruskoski (8 decks)

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