exam 2 - unit 7 - ch 22 Flashcards
after the civil war, the us pivoted from a profoundly _____ approach to a _____ _____ for american expansion
isolationist approach
distinct zeal
the nations earlier isolationism origionated from the ____ _____ left by the ____ ____ and its need to recover both _____ and ______ from that event
deep scars
civil war
mentally and economically
american attitudes toward foreign expansion shifted bc
the industrial revolution changed the way the country worked and the american west reached its farthest point
businesses sought new markets to export their
factory-built goods, oil, and tabacco products as well as generous trade agreements to secure access to raw materials
early social reformers saw opportunities to spread ____ _____ and the benefits of ____ ____ to those in less developed nations
christian gospel
american life
what was alfred thayer mahan’s 1980 work
the influence of seapower upon history
in the influence of seapower upon history, he suggested three strategies that would assist the us in both ______ and _______ an empire
constructing and maintaining
what was the first strategy in tiofup
noting the sad state of the us navy, he called for the gov to build a stronger, more powerful version
second strategy of tiofup
establishing a network of naval bases to fuel this expanding fleet. (the new navy)
sewards previous acquisition of the midway islands served this purpose by
providing an essential naval coaling station, which was vital, as the limited reah of steamships and their dependence on coal made naval stations imperative for increasing the navys geo reach. future acquisitions in the pacific and caribbean increased this naval supply network
what was the third strategy of tiosup
the future construction across the isthmus of central america
what would constructing a canal across the isthmus of central america do
decrease by 2/3 the time and power required to move the new navy from the pacific to atlantic oceans
what was the frontier
the encounter between european traditions and the native wilderness
the ____ played a fundamental roll in shaping ____ _____ but it no longer existed
frontier
american character
many found a solution by seeking out new ______ in the creation of an _____ _____
frontiers
american empire
queen liliuokalani tapped into a strong anti-american resentment among native hawaiians over the _____ and ______ power of exploitaive american _____ _____ between 1891-1893
economic and political
sugar companies
what did businessmen do when the queen did the thing with the sugar,
they worked with the american minister to hawaii, john stevens, to stage a quick armed revolt to counter her efforts and seize the islands as an american protectorate
following 5 more years of political wrangling the us annexed _____ in 1898 during the _____-______ war
hawaii
spanish american
in the wake of the civil war, american economis growth combined with the efforts of _____ _____ to push for a greater _____ _____ and ______ _____
evangelist missionaries
international influence
overseas presence
what did the us do to take control of valuable territories in central america and the pacific
confronting spain over it imperial rule in cuba
for the us, the first step towards becoming an empire was a…
decisive military one
what was the us able to do by engaging with spain
gain valuable territories in latin america and asia, and send a message to other global powers.
the untested us navy was superior than the spanish fleet t/f
t
what positioned the us as the predominate world power in the south pacific and caribbean
the annexation of the former spanish colonies of guam, puerto rico, the philippines, and the acquisition of hawaii, samoa, and wake island
in the late 1890s there as a height of
yellow journalism
what newspapers were catagorized in the yellow journalism
the NY journal let by william randolph hearst and the NY world published by josheph pulizer
what was yellow jounalism
in which newspapers competed for readership with sensationalistic stories
these publishers who printed news stories for max drama and effect, knew what
that war would provide sensational copy
what changed in feb of 1898
president mckinleys reticence to involve the us in the cuban rebellion against spain
mckinley ordered one of the newest navy battleships, the USS maine, to drop anchor off the coast of cuba in order to…
observe the situation ans to prepare to evacuate american citizens from cuba if necessary
days after the uss maine arrived, an explosion destroyed it on feb 15, killing over 250 sailors, what happened immediately after
yellow journalists jumped on the headline that the explosion was the result of a spanish attack, and that all americans rally to war.
what was the newspaper battle cry
remember the maine!
what did recent examinations show about the maine,
the explosion was likely due to the storage of gun powder close to the very hot boilers
what were the rough riders and who were they led by
they were an all-volunteer cavalry unit made up of adventure-seeking college graduates, veterans, and cowboys from the southwest. they were led by theodore roosevelt
what did the rough riders do that resulted in american forces surrounding santiago
charged up kettle hill, next to san juan hill
the victories of the rough riders are the best known part of the battles, but several ____ _____ regiments, made up of ____ ____ were apart of their sucess
african american
veteran soldiers
the spanish fleet made a effort to escape to the sea but ran into what
an american naval blockade that resulted in total destruction, with every spanish vessel sunk
why was the newly formed american empire not immediately secure
filipino rebels, led by emilio aguinaldo, fought back against american forces stationed there
how long did the filipinos war last for independence
three years
how many americans died and how many filipinos and the civilian death toll
4 thousand americans, twenty thousand filipino, and 250,000 civilian death toll
pres mckinley appointed _____ ____ ____ as the civil governor of the philippines in an effort to what
william howard taft
effort to disengage the american military from direct confrontations with the filipino people
what did the platt amendment do
secured the right of the united states to interfere in cuban affairs if threats to a stable gov emerged
the platt amendment also guaranteed the us its own ____ and _____ station on the islands southern guantanamo bay
naval and coaling
the amendment prohibited ____ from making treaties with other countries that might eventually threaten their IIIIII
cuba
independence
while cuba was an independent nation on paper, did the us govern cubas foreign policy and economic agreements
yes
the us shifted from isolationism to empire building with what
its involvement and victory in the spanish american war
the country sought to expand its reach through another powerful tool,
economic clout
in 1899, secretary of state ____ ____ made a bold move to acquire chinas vast markets for american access by introducing ___ ____ ____
john hay
open door notes
what were open door notes
a series of circular notes that hay himself drafted as an expression of us interests in the region and sent to the other competing powers
the notes agreed to what
to by the other five nations maintaining spheres of influences in china, would erase all spheres and essentially open all doors to free trade, with no special tariffs or transportation controls that would give unfair advantages to one country over another
when roosevelt succeeded ______ as pres, he implemented a key strategy tor building an american empire,:
the threat, rather than the outright use of military force
mckinley had engaged the us military in several successful ________ and then used the countrys superior industrial power to negotiate ____ _____ ____ agreements
skirmishes
beneficial foreign trade
roosevelt, with his ___ ____ policy was able to keep the us out of military conflicts by what
big stick
employing the legitimate threat of force
what meant that the us would need to tread carefully to maintain its status as a world power
changing alliances, shifting economic needs, and power politics
roosevelt believed that the ____ ____ best interests were also the best interests of the ___ ____
western hemisphere
united states
roosevelt felt that the us had the right and the obligation to be the ______ of the hemisphere
policeman
his belief and his strategy of what shaped much of roosevelts foreign policy
speaking softly and carrying a big stick
roosevelt made it clear the the us would strongly support the ____ people should they choose to revolt agaainst ____ and form their own nation
panamanian
colombia
did r send american battleships to colombia to practice maneuvers as the panamanian revolution unfolded
yes but not to really practice maneuvers
what did the american warships effectively do
blocked columbia from moving additional troops into the region to quell the growing panamaniam uprising
what did roosevelt offer panama after he welcomed them to the world community
10 M plus the annual 250,000 rental fee - what he had previously offered colombia
panama became an american _____ and remaind so until 1939
protectorate
when did the construction on the canal begin
may 1904
what was the roosevelt corollary based on
the origional monroe doctrine of the early 19th century, which warned european nations of the consequences of their interfearence in the caribbean
in the new addition, r states the us would use military force as a ___ ____ ____ to correct any ___ ____ any latin american nation that might threaten the stability in the region
international policy power
chronic wrongdoing
the roosevelt corollary loudly proclaimed the right and obligation of the US to involve itself whenever necessary t/f
t
taft sought to use the us ecomonic might as a
lever in foreign policy
taft relied less on ____ than mckinley of r before him
military action
taft would threaten and use military force when what
economic coercion proved unsuccessful, as it did in his bid to pay off in central americas debts with us dollars
taft became pres in ____ and chose to adapy _____ foreign policy philisophy to one that reflected what
1909
roosevelts
american economic power at the time
in what became known as dollar diplomacy, taft announced his decision to ____ ____ ___ ___ in an effort to use foreign policy to ___ ____ and opportunites for ____ _____
substiture dollars for bullets
secure markets
american businessmen
like r threat of force, taft used the threat of ___ ____ ___ to coerce countrues into agreements to benefit the us
american economic clout
