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hist 1493 ruskoski > exam 1 - unit 2 - chapter 17 > Flashcards

exam 1 - unit 2 - chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

the “great american desert: was considered a…

A

vast and empty place, unfit for civilized people

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2
Q

the great american desert is now called

A

the bread basket

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3
Q

manifest destiny is

A

their divine right - to explore and settle the western territories in the name of the united states

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4
Q

what were some reasons people moved west

A

in search of riches, cattle, gold, farming, or believed it was their duty to spread protestant ideals to native inhabitants

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5
Q

people headed west on ____ _____ such as the oregon trail

A

wagon trails

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6
Q

european immigrants (especially from nothern europe) settled in close-knit ethnic enclaves out of comfort and familiarity. t/f

A

t

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7
Q

why most african americans move west

A

to escape racism

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8
Q

moving west was a clash of ____ ____ and ______ that defined the emerging new america

A

cultures, races, and traditions

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9
Q

manifest destiny justified in americans minds their right and duty to…

A

govern any other groups they encountered during their expansion, as well as absolved them of any questionable tactics they employed in the process.

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10
Q

was moving west what most people thought it would be…open land waiting for them with no conflict

A

no

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11
Q

what did the homestead act allow

A

it allowed any head of household,or individual over the age of 21, to receive a parcel of 160 acres for only a nominal fee

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12
Q

did the homestead act include women

A

yes, unmarried women over the age of 21

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13
Q

what were recipients of the homestead act required to do

A

“improve the land” withing a period of 5 years of taking possession

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14
Q

were mormans some of the people who moved out west

A

yes

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15
Q

what did the pacific railway act do

A

the law provided each company with ownership of all public lands within 200ft on either side of the track laid

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16
Q

the nations first transcontinental railroad was completed when what two companies connected their tracks

A

the union pacific railroad from Nebraska and the central pacific railroad from california

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17
Q

where was the first railroad completed

A

promontory point, utah in spring of 1869

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18
Q

what was some of the challenges and difficulties to homesteaders who moved west

A

the land was dry and barren- lost crops to hail, droughts, insect swarms - few materials to build with - money was a concern

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19
Q

how many hours did farm wives work a day

A

at least 11 hours

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20
Q

were women more independent in the west

A

yes, they lived more equitably as partners with their husbands

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21
Q

what were the first houses built by western settlers

A

sod houses

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22
Q

what were the downsides of sod houses

A

rain led to mud falling through the roof, vermin, lice

23
Q

why was childbirth a complication in the west

A

often, there were no doctors or midwife. many women died from treatable conditions and so did the babies

24
Q

many of the cattle riders were….

A

mexican american or african american

25
Q

most cattle riders were individuals who…

A

were willing to risk what little they had in order to strike it rich

26
Q

why did mining and cattle industries die out

A

resources for grazing and easily accessed metals disappeared

27
Q

what replaced cattle and mining industries

A

big businesses with the infrastructure and investments to make a profit

28
Q

where did the california gold rush start

A

the discovery of gold at sutters mill in coloma, california

29
Q

who followed the arrival of those who hoped to benefit from the gold

A

a rush of prospectors - saloon keepers, prostitutes, store owners, and criminals, who all arrived in droves

30
Q

how did railroads benefit cattle ranchers

A

the ranchers would round up the wild steers and transport them by rail to be sold in the east

31
Q

how much per head was a wild steer sold for in the east

A

$30-50

32
Q

what part of cowboys were hispanic or aa

A

1/3

33
Q

where did american cowboys get their look from

A

mexican ranchers who used them to great affect before the time of cowboys

34
Q

did native americans charge cowboys for traveling across their land

A

yes

35
Q

for indians, the arrival of settlers means

A

the end of their way of life

36
Q

who started most of the violence between the natives and whites

A

the whites

37
Q

why did the whites have such an advantage

A

they had superior weapons, numbers, and the support of the US gov

38
Q

what did the reformers do to the natives

A

they sent them to boarding schools, asked them to renounce indian gods and culture, and individual land ownership

39
Q

when and what was the last episode of the so-called indian wars

A

1890, at the battle of wounded knee in SD.

40
Q

what did the sioux do to scare the white settlers

A

they begame to perform the “ghost dance” which told of an indian messiah who would deliver the tribe from their hardships

41
Q

the sioux prepared to surrender to the whites after the death of who

A

sitting bull

42
Q

what happened at the battle of wounded knee

A

as the sioux were surrendering, a rifle went off on accident and the US soldiers began to fire indiscriminately at the indians

43
Q

what were indian children taught at the boarding schools they were forced to go to, away from their families

A

they taught them to abandon their tribal traditions and embrace the tools of american modesty, productivity, and sanctity

44
Q

what did the schools provide for males and females

A

vocational training for males and domestic science classes for females

45
Q

who were indian adults targeted by

A

religious reformers, specifically evangelical protestants and catholics

46
Q

what were indian adults taught to do

A

abandon their language, culture, social customs for a more euro-american lifestyle

47
Q

the dawes act was the indian version of the _____ act

A

homestead act

48
Q

what did the dawes act permitt

A

it permitted the federal gov to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres of farmland of 320 acres of grazing land to the head of each family

49
Q

what happened to the remaining tribal lands (80 M acres)

A

it was sold to white american settlers

50
Q

in the 19th century, what other cultures collided with the whites

A

hispanic and chinese

51
Q

white americans believed that they deserved the best ____ and ____the country could afford

A

lands and economic opportunities

52
Q

what did chinese immigrants and hispanic americans do bc they were being assulted on their rights

A

both groups retreated into urban enclaves, where their lang and trad could survive

53
Q

what did the chinese exclusion act of 1882 do

A

forbade further immigration from china for a 10 year period

54
Q

what did the california constitution of 1879 do

A

forbade naturalized chinese citizens the right to vote or hold state employment

hist 1493 ruskoski (8 decks)

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