exam 1 - unit 2 - chapter 17 Flashcards
the “great american desert: was considered a…
vast and empty place, unfit for civilized people
the great american desert is now called
the bread basket
manifest destiny is
their divine right - to explore and settle the western territories in the name of the united states
what were some reasons people moved west
in search of riches, cattle, gold, farming, or believed it was their duty to spread protestant ideals to native inhabitants
people headed west on ____ _____ such as the oregon trail
wagon trails
european immigrants (especially from nothern europe) settled in close-knit ethnic enclaves out of comfort and familiarity. t/f
t
why most african americans move west
to escape racism
moving west was a clash of ____ ____ and ______ that defined the emerging new america
cultures, races, and traditions
manifest destiny justified in americans minds their right and duty to…
govern any other groups they encountered during their expansion, as well as absolved them of any questionable tactics they employed in the process.
was moving west what most people thought it would be…open land waiting for them with no conflict
no
what did the homestead act allow
it allowed any head of household,or individual over the age of 21, to receive a parcel of 160 acres for only a nominal fee
did the homestead act include women
yes, unmarried women over the age of 21
what were recipients of the homestead act required to do
“improve the land” withing a period of 5 years of taking possession
were mormans some of the people who moved out west
yes
what did the pacific railway act do
the law provided each company with ownership of all public lands within 200ft on either side of the track laid
the nations first transcontinental railroad was completed when what two companies connected their tracks
the union pacific railroad from Nebraska and the central pacific railroad from california
where was the first railroad completed
promontory point, utah in spring of 1869
what was some of the challenges and difficulties to homesteaders who moved west
the land was dry and barren- lost crops to hail, droughts, insect swarms - few materials to build with - money was a concern
how many hours did farm wives work a day
at least 11 hours
were women more independent in the west
yes, they lived more equitably as partners with their husbands
what were the first houses built by western settlers
sod houses
what were the downsides of sod houses
rain led to mud falling through the roof, vermin, lice
why was childbirth a complication in the west
often, there were no doctors or midwife. many women died from treatable conditions and so did the babies
many of the cattle riders were….
mexican american or african american
most cattle riders were individuals who…
were willing to risk what little they had in order to strike it rich
why did mining and cattle industries die out
resources for grazing and easily accessed metals disappeared
what replaced cattle and mining industries
big businesses with the infrastructure and investments to make a profit
where did the california gold rush start
the discovery of gold at sutters mill in coloma, california
who followed the arrival of those who hoped to benefit from the gold
a rush of prospectors - saloon keepers, prostitutes, store owners, and criminals, who all arrived in droves
how did railroads benefit cattle ranchers
the ranchers would round up the wild steers and transport them by rail to be sold in the east
how much per head was a wild steer sold for in the east
$30-50
what part of cowboys were hispanic or aa
1/3
where did american cowboys get their look from
mexican ranchers who used them to great affect before the time of cowboys
did native americans charge cowboys for traveling across their land
yes
for indians, the arrival of settlers means
the end of their way of life
who started most of the violence between the natives and whites
the whites
why did the whites have such an advantage
they had superior weapons, numbers, and the support of the US gov
what did the reformers do to the natives
they sent them to boarding schools, asked them to renounce indian gods and culture, and individual land ownership
when and what was the last episode of the so-called indian wars
1890, at the battle of wounded knee in SD.
what did the sioux do to scare the white settlers
they begame to perform the “ghost dance” which told of an indian messiah who would deliver the tribe from their hardships
the sioux prepared to surrender to the whites after the death of who
sitting bull
what happened at the battle of wounded knee
as the sioux were surrendering, a rifle went off on accident and the US soldiers began to fire indiscriminately at the indians
what were indian children taught at the boarding schools they were forced to go to, away from their families
they taught them to abandon their tribal traditions and embrace the tools of american modesty, productivity, and sanctity
what did the schools provide for males and females
vocational training for males and domestic science classes for females
who were indian adults targeted by
religious reformers, specifically evangelical protestants and catholics
what were indian adults taught to do
abandon their language, culture, social customs for a more euro-american lifestyle
the dawes act was the indian version of the _____ act
homestead act
what did the dawes act permitt
it permitted the federal gov to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres of farmland of 320 acres of grazing land to the head of each family
what happened to the remaining tribal lands (80 M acres)
it was sold to white american settlers
in the 19th century, what other cultures collided with the whites
hispanic and chinese
white americans believed that they deserved the best ____ and ____the country could afford
lands and economic opportunities
what did chinese immigrants and hispanic americans do bc they were being assulted on their rights
both groups retreated into urban enclaves, where their lang and trad could survive
what did the chinese exclusion act of 1882 do
forbade further immigration from china for a 10 year period
what did the california constitution of 1879 do
forbade naturalized chinese citizens the right to vote or hold state employment
