Exam 2: Special Senses

Question 1

Vestibular Dysfunction

Answer 1

The sensation that ones surroundings are spinning or rotating. Includes vertigo & Nystagmus

Question 2

Nystagmus

Answer 2

rapid involuntary eye movements

Question 3

Conductive Hearing Impairment

Answer 3

Sound is not properly conducted to the cochlea (obstruction, effusion, otosclerosis, ossicular disruption)

Question 4

Sensorineural Hearing Impairment

Answer 4

Dysfunction of the cochlea or cranial nerve VIII (noise, aging, metabolic, trauma)

Question 5

Otosclerosis

Answer 5

hereditary disorder causing progressive deafness , overgrowth of bone in the inner ear

Question 6

Ossicular Disruption

Answer 6

loss of normal alignment between the three middle ear ossicles

Question 7

Ototoxic medications

Answer 7

Aminoglycoside antibiotics/Aspirin (hearing impairment)

Question 8

Barotrauma

Answer 8

noise trauma (hearing impairment)

Question 9

Presbycusis

Answer 9

changes occurring with aging (hearing impairment)

Question 10

Meniere Disease

Answer 10

Tinnitus/Hearing loss/Vertigo (classic triad of hearing impairment)

Question 11

Otitis Media

Answer 11

Middle ear infection: upper respiratory infection, red tympanic membrane, bulging, pain, OME (otitis media effusion -> collection of fluid without infection)

Question 12

Myopia

Answer 12

nearsighted

Question 13

Hyperopia

Answer 13

farsighted

Question 14

Strabismus

Answer 14

cross-eyed, squinting or closing one eye improves vision (age-related visual disorder)

Question 15

Amblyopia

Answer 15

poor vision even with correction (age-related visual disorder)

Question 16

Cataracts

Answer 16

clouding or opacity of the lens, from aging, trauma, or diabetes

Question 17

Age-related Macular Degeneration: Atrophic

Answer 17

“Dry” more common, degeneration of retina, pigmented layer and choroidal layer

Question 18

Age-related Macular Degeneration: Exudative

Answer 18

“Wet” sub-retinal fluid collection

Question 19

Retinopathy

Answer 19

detached retina, damage to blood vessels

Question 20

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 20

disease in blood vessels of the retina causing retinal ischemia

Question 21

Open Angle Glaucoma

Answer 21

obstruction to outflow of aqueous humor in the drainage canals, most common, slow, insidious onset, low level persistent eye pain

Question 22

Close Angle Glaucoma

Answer 22

obstruction to outflow of aqueous humor by the iris root of the dilated pupil, Ophthalmological emergency! sudden severe pain, red eye, N/V, triggered by pupil dilation

Question 23

Retinal Damage: Macula

Answer 23

central blind area

Question 24

Retinal Damage: Localized damage

Answer 24

blind spot corresponding to particular area

Question 25

Retinal Damage: increasing intraocular pressure

Answer 25

decrease in peripheral vision

Question 26

Retinal Damage: retinal detachment

Answer 26

person has diminished vision in one quadrant or one half of visual field

Question 27

Lesion in globe or optic nerve

Answer 27

one blind eye, unilateral blindness

Question 28

Lesion at optic chiasm

Answer 28

injury to crossing fibers, loss of both temporal visual fields, bilateral hemianopsia (blindness over half of visual field)

Question 29

Lesion of outer uncrossed fibers at optic chiasm

Answer 29

left nasal hemianopsia (blindness over half of visual field)

Question 30

Lesion of right optic tract or right optic radiation

Answer 30

visual field loss in right nasal and left temporal fields