Exam 2: Blood Flow

Question 1

Describe the Anatomy of the Artery

Answer 1

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia, more smooth muscle in arteries, arteries have more pressure

Question 2

Describe the Anatomy of the Vein

Answer 2

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia, veins have valves to prevent backflow, lower pressure, little smooth muscle

Question 3

What is the Capillary Network?

Answer 3

it is between the transition from artery to vein and helps with diffusion at the tissue level

Question 4

What is the Lymphatic Network?

Answer 4

it picks up excess fluid from the interstitial space, low pressure system

Question 5

What is Ohm’s Law?

Answer 5

P=QR
P= pressure, Q= flow, R= Resistance

Question 6

How does the change in vessel length/radius impact flow?

Answer 6

If length increase flow decrease, if radius increases flow increases

Question 7

What is the Law of Laplace?

Answer 7

P = T/r
P = distending pressure
T = wall tension
r = radius of the blood vessel
We need a certain amount of blood in the vessels to have a certain amount of expandability so they don’t collapse

Question 8

Extrinsic control of blood flow

Answer 8

regulate blood flow throughout the body, neuronal, humoral, reflex, and chemical regulatory mechanisms, baroreceptors

Question 9

Intrinsic control of blood flow

Answer 9

regulate blood flow to specific target tissues, angiotensin II

Question 10

What are examples of obstructions to blood vessels?

Answer 10

thrombus and embolus

Question 11

What are examples of structural alterations to blood vessels?

Answer 11

atherosclerosis, valvular incompetence, AV malformations, Aneurysms

Question 12

Clinical manifestations of arterial vascular insufficiency

Answer 12

claudication, painful ulcers, cool skin, decreased hair, pallor, diminished pulses, blood not going where it needs to go

Question 13

Clinical manifestations of venous vascular insufficiency

Answer 13

aching/cramping pain, was, reddish brown pigmented areas, varicose veins, blood getting stuck and not returning

Question 14

What is Claudication?

Answer 14

muscle pain due to lack of oxygen that’s triggered by activity and relieved by rest

Question 15

What is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 15

plaque builds up inside your arteries

Question 16

What are risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Answer 16

tobacco, hypertension, cholesterol, obesity, stress, sedentary lifestyle, family history, age, gender, ethnicity

Question 17

What is an Aneurysm?

Answer 17

occurs when part of an artery wall weakens, allowing it to abnormally balloon out or widen

Question 18

Clinical manifestations of AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm)

Answer 18

sudden severe chest pain, “ripping or tearing” quality, radiates to the back, asymmetrical pulses

Question 19

What is Lymphatic Obstruction?

Answer 19

blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body, causes lymphedema