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Pathophysiology > Exam 2: Coagulation and Hemostasis > Flashcards

Exam 2: Coagulation and Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Primary Hemostasis

A

immediate vasoconstriction, platelet plug

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2
Q

What is Secondary Hemostasis

A

The coagulation cascade, formation of fibrin clot

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3
Q

What are clinical manifestations of bleeding?

A

Petechiae, purpura, telangiectasia, ecchymosis

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4
Q

What is Petechiae?

A

pinpoint round spots

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5
Q

What is Purpura?

A

purple colored spots of patches

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6
Q

What is Telangiectasia?

A

fiery, stare-shaped mark, widened blood vessels

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7
Q

What is Ecchymosis?

A

bruising

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8
Q

What is Hematochezia?

A

blood passed from rectum

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9
Q

What is Melena?

A

black stools from GI bleeding

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10
Q

What is Hematuria?

A

pinkish or red colored urine from presence of RBC, blood in urine

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11
Q

What is Hemoptysis?

A

coughing up blood from lungs

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12
Q

What is Menorrhagia?

A

abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding during period

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13
Q

What is Epistaxis?

A

nosebleed

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14
Q

What laboratory tests are done to evaluate bleeding?

A

PT/INR (Extrinsic pathway), aPTT (intrinsic pathway), bleeding time (platelet function)

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15
Q

What causes decreased production of Platelet?

A

chemotherapy/ radiation, cancer of the bone marrow, B12/Folate Deficiency

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16
Q

What causes decreased survival of platelets?

A

ITP, HIT, DIC, Medications (thiazides/ digoxin/ heparin)

17
Q

What causes platelet splenic sequestration (too many blood cells stuck in the spleen?

A

splenomegaly, hypothermia

18
Q

What causes dilution leading to decreased platelets?

A

large blood transfusions

19
Q

What is Thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count, symptoms appear when it falls below 100,000, symptoms: easy bruising, mucosal hemorrhage, petechiae, purpura, “deep” bleeding

20
Q

What is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?

A

abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, immune system attacking platelets

21
Q

What is Hemophilia A

A

factor VIII deficiency, coagulation disorder, ability to clot decreases, most common hemophilia

22
Q

What is Hemophilia B

A

Factor IX deficiency, coagulation disorder, ability to clot decreases, “Christmas disease”

23
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hemophilia?

A

spontaneous bleeding, prolonged bleeding after minor procedures, A and B are clinically indistinguishable

24
Q

What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A

proteins that control clotting become overactive causing small clots to form and block small blood vessels. This then consumes clotting factors and platelets leading to excessive bleeding

25
Q

What is hepatic disease?

A

Chronic liver disease (liver is the protein factory)

26
Q

What clotting factors are Vitamin K Dependent?

A

II, VII, IX, X

27
Q

What does Vitamin K Deficiency in Infancy look like?

A

babies need vitamin K supplements, it is associated with breast feeding, rare in developed world

28
Q

What does acquired Vitamin K deficiency look like?

A

malnutrition, malabsorption, may be from antibiotic treatment or anticoagulation therapy?

29
Q

What does Heparin do?

A

anticoagulant, it stimulates the activity of ATIII which inhibits Thrombin

30
Q

What does Coumadin do?

A

anticoagulant, blocks the production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

31
Q

Intrinsic pathway in hemostasis

A

This pathway is the longer pathway of secondary hemostasis. It begins with the activation of Factor XII, which becomes Factor XIIA after exposure to endothelial collagen

32
Q

Extrinsic pathway of hemostasis

A

The extrinsic pathway is the shorter pathway of secondary hemostasis. Once the damage to the vessel is done, the endothelial cells release tissue factor which goes on to activate factor VII to factor VIIa. Factor VIIa goes on to activate factor X into factor Xa

Pathophysiology (13 decks)

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