Exam 2 - Solutions Flashcards
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Define solvent and solute.
Solvent: The major component of the mixture.
Solute: The minority component of the mixture.
What factors affect solubility?
Intermolecular forces (like dissolves like), and entropy (energy dispersal in the system).
What are the types of solutions based on solubility?
Saturated: Holds maximum solute.
Unsaturated: Holds less than the maximum solute.
Supersaturated: Holds more solute than typically possible (unstable).
How is molecular weight calculated for C6H6O6
C: 12.01 × 6 = 72.06 g/mol; H: 1.01 × 6 = 6.06 g/mol; O: 16.00 × 6 = 96.00 g/mol.
Total molecular weight = 174.12 g/mol.
How do you calculate moles from mass?
Moles = Mass (g) / Molecular Weight (g/mol).
Example: 10.00 g of H2O / 18.02 g/mol = 0.555 mol.
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass (g) / Volume (mL). Example: 150.0 g of gold / 19.3 g/mL = 7.77 mL.
Define molarity and provide an example of how to calculate it.
Molarity (M) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Example: 500.0 mL of aqueous solution with 2.00 g of NaCl.
What is molality and how is it different from molarity?
Molality (m) is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Unlike molarity, molality does not change with temperature.
How is weight percent calculated?
Weight Percent = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) × 100.
How do you calculate volume percent for a liquid solute?
Volume Percent = (volume of solute / total volume of solution) × 100.
A solution contains 17.2 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 0.500 kg of water. How would you calculate molarity, molality, mass percent, and volume percent?
What is the maximum amount of a 1% (w/v) lidocaine solution that can be administered to a 180 lb patient?
1kg = 2.205 lbs
max dose of lidocaine at 4.5 mg/kg.
