Exam 2 review

Question 1

Define grit

Answer 1

Self-discipline, persistence, and passion

Question 2

How does music affect the brain?

Answer 2

Dopamine is released

Question 3

What does the OCEAN acronym for the characteristics of creative people stand for?

Answer 3

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 4

What are some other traits of creative people not mentioned in the OCEAN acronym?

Answer 4

Tolerance of ambiguity and frustration, willingness to restructure problems, and intrinsic motivation

Question 5

What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking?

Answer 5

Convergent thinking takes many ideas and combines them into one solution, whereas divergent thinking takes one idea and uses it to create many solutions

Question 6

What are the 4 research traditions for studying creativity? (4 Ps)

Answer 6

Person, process, press, and product

Question 7

What does the “press” in the 4 Ps of studying creativity mean?

Answer 7

Studying the environmental influences

Question 8

Describe Wallace’s 4 stage theory of the creative process

Answer 8

Preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification

Question 9

Wallace’s theory emphasizes that creativity is mostly a(n) __conscious/ unconscious___ process.

Answer 9

unconscious

Question 10

How much practice time is required to attain a high level of excellence?

Answer 10

10 years or 10K hours. Roughly 1K hours a year, which is about 4 hours a day.

Question 11

Which is more important to success: hard work and grit, or innate talent and ability?

Answer 11

Hard work and grit is a greater indicator of success

Question 12

What are the 5 C’s of positive youth development?

Answer 12

Competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring.

Question 13

How do discrepancies between life goals (ideal self) and actual achievements (real self) change as you age?

Answer 13

There are large discrepancies between life goals and actual achievements during young adulthood. As you get older, you start to narrow down on your life goals and try to achieve as many of them as you can, so that discrepancy gets smaller as you get older.

Question 14

Describe socioemotional selectivity theory

Answer 14

The idea that we can end up selecting our social networks and our emotions as we get older.
By adulthood, most people have smaller social networks because you start to care about the quality of relationships rather than quantity, and because you know more about yourself and others.

Question 15

What 3 factors make up the idea of coherence?

Answer 15

1) Meaningfulness
2) Comprehensibility - being able to make sense of things in a structured, ordered, and consistent way
3) Manageability - the belief that we have personal resources and coping ability to deal with what comes our way/ meeting the demands of life

Question 16

What is post-traumatic growth?

Answer 16

Not just seeing things optimistically in the midst of a crisis, but also taking positive action to find new ways to learn our lessons and apply them so we can make progress in life.

Question 17

What is the best way to increase wellbeing in old age?

Answer 17

Optimal adjustment to aging is accomplished by accepting that certain capacities decline with age and finding ways to compensate for those inevitable losses.

Question 18

What is the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset?

Answer 18

Fixed mindset is the mentality that your skills and abilities cannot change, whereas a growth mindset is optimal because it’s believing that abilities can be developed through persistence

Question 19

When you’re young, your sense of self is very important. What is the disadvantage of that?

Answer 19

It is often accompanied by a lack of emotional regulation

Question 20

What did Laura Carstensen’s research find about age and emotions?

Answer 20

They found that extended “periods of highly positive emotional experience [are] more likely to endure among older
people”; that older people have learned how to recognize more nuances of
emotional experience and how to regulate their emotions in more adaptive
ways.

Question 21

What does generativity have to do with aging?

Answer 21

Helson and Srivastava examined four criteria of maturity: competence, wisdom, ego development, and generativity. They found that achievers scored highest in generativity