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Positive Psychology > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

Covers all topics mentioned in the in-class review

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1
Q

When the movement of positive psych first began, who was one of the most influential people who started it?

A

Martin Seligman

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2
Q

What did Martin Seligman do for the field of positive psychology?

A

He was elected president of the APA and shifted the focus of psychology towards positive psychology and what makes the good life

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3
Q

Define the dynamic model

A

Positive and negative emotions are independent of each other, unless the person is under extreme stress

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4
Q

Define hedonism

A

Seeking pleasure

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5
Q

In order from best to worst, what are the four states of mental health?

A

Flourishing > struggling > languishing > floundering

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6
Q

Define flourishing

A

High wellbeing, low mental illness (best state)

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7
Q

Define floundering

A

Low wellbeing, high mental illness (worst state)

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8
Q

Define languishing

A

Low wellbeing, low mental illness

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9
Q

Define struggling

A

High well being, high mental illness

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10
Q

What are the 4 major Greek theories?

A

Hedonism, contemplative, the active life, fatalism

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11
Q

Define fatalism

A

Stoicism; that we are at the fate of the universe and we must accept what happens.

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12
Q

Name one of Aristotle’s 12 main virtues

A

Eudemonia

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13
Q

Define divine command theory

A

Follow the will of the creator to live the good life

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14
Q

Who came up with the hierarchy of needs?

A

Abraham Maslow

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15
Q

The hierarchy of needs is a part of ____ psychology

A

humanistic

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16
Q

What did Maslow contribute to psychology?

A

The idea of the hierarchy of needs

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17
Q

What are four of the things on the hierarchy of needs?

A

Basic needs, social needs, psychological needs, self-actualization

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18
Q

True or false: one of the purposes of life is to remove all problems and just be happy.

A

False, you need those negative emotions for growth and it’s impossible to be happy all the time.

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19
Q

What is the ideal ratio of good to bad emotions?

A

3:1 (three good emotions for every one bad emotion)

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20
Q

Our basic primitive emotional reaction to a situation is called what?

A

Core affect

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21
Q

True or false: we are always conscious of our core affect

A

False, you may not even be aware of it

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22
Q

What is the executive control center of the brain?

A

The left prefrontal cortex

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23
Q

Define dopamine

A

The pleasure hormone, directly connected to addiction.

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24
Q

What is the hormone for social bonding?

A

Oxytocin

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25
Q

About ___% of our life in terms of our personality traits, mood, and overall well being is genetic.

A

50%

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26
Q

Define set point

A

An average level of happiness based on what we inherit and which genes are activated

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27
Q

True or false: set points are unchangeable

A

False

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28
Q

People who achieve a lot in life almost always have what in common?

A

Figuring out what they’re good at and capitalizing on that.

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29
Q

Do most people around the world identify themselves as being below average level of happiness, average level of happiness, or above average level of happiness?

A

Above average level of happiness

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30
Q

Define extrinsic motivation

A

External rewards we pursue that may not even be congruent to our personal values

31
Q

Define intrinsic motivation

A

When we pursue rewards because they are congruent to our personal values

32
Q

Define affective forecasting

A

When you predict your happiness level for the future once you reach a certain goal or obtain a certain reward.

33
Q

Is it easy or difficult to predict how happy you’ll be?

A

Difficult

34
Q

What is the broaden and build model?

A

That our positive emotions end up helping us build more positive behaviors to adapt to whatever situation we’re in.

35
Q

Define emotional intelligence

A

People who really understand themselves and others, including their emotions, are emotionally intelligent.

36
Q

What can emotional intelligence help with?

A

High emotional intelligence leads to someone being good with interacting with other people

37
Q

Define self-determination theory

A

Competence, autonomy, relatedness are the three aspects that help people feel the most self-driven and determined to achieve their goals

38
Q

What are the three aspects that help people feel the most self-driven and determined to achieve their goals?

A

Competence, autonomy, relatedness

39
Q

True or false: There are more cross-cultural negative emotions than positive ones

A

True; one evolutionary theory as to why is because in order to survive we need to be able to identify potential threats, and our feelings are our warning signals.

40
Q

Describe bottom-up well being

A

Well-being due to external factors

41
Q

Describe top-down well being

A

Well-being due to internal factors

42
Q

True or false: Our traits affect us our entire lives

A

True

43
Q

Are happiness and money always correlated?

A

No; happiness and money are not correlated once you reach a livable amount of money to meet your basic needs(80-90K max)

44
Q

Explain the hedonic treadmill

A

You set a goal, you reach that goal, you aren’t happy, you set a goal, you reach that goal, you aren’t happy, etc, etc.

45
Q

What’s the best way to spend money to increase happiness?

A

On experiences, especially experiences with friends and family

46
Q

Define time affluence

A

Having enough time to do the things you enjoy

47
Q

Time affluence is correlated with what?

A

Well-being

48
Q

How does watching TV affect happiness?

A

Watching TV can be a good leisure activity, but if you spend too much time watching it can decrease happiness

49
Q

Being in the ‘zone’ and experiencing flow activates what part of the brain?

A

The right hemisphere

50
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for creativity?

A

The right hemisphere

51
Q

Flow has mostly been studied by what research method?

A

Experience sampling

52
Q

Define mindfulness

A

Being aware of the present moment with full acceptance and no judgement

53
Q

What is the goal of mindfulness meditation?

A

There are no specific goals besides mindfulness

54
Q

What is the self-absorption paradox?

A

When you become self-absorbed (perhaps trying to make yourself feel happier) and you make yourself feel worse and more anxious.

55
Q

Define savoring

A

Being aware of different pleasures

56
Q

What are the four types of savoring?

A

Basking, marveling, luxuriating, thanks-giving

57
Q

One of the main components of flow is what?

A

Being highly absorbed in the activity at hand

58
Q

Marriage tends to make people

a) happier
b) sadder
c) no affect

A

Happier

59
Q

What are the 6 types of love?

A

Eros, mania, storge, pragma, agape, ludus

60
Q

Define eros

A

Passionate love

61
Q

Define mania

A

Obsessive love, stressful

62
Q

Define storge

A

Companionate love

63
Q

Define pragma

A

Pragmatic love; based on a partner meeting a certain set of conditions

64
Q

Define agape

A

Selfless love

65
Q

Define ludus

A

Playful love

66
Q

What’s the number one predictor of a good marriage?

A

Communication

67
Q

Define capitalization

A

Sharing the good stuff/ experiences with others

68
Q

If a partner in a healthy relationship doesn’t get what they need from the other, they will most likely blame what?

A

Assuming things

69
Q

The chemical that bonds us to our pets is _____

A

oxytocin

70
Q

Define forest bathing

A

Soaking up nature around you

71
Q

Erik Erikson identified a few things that really help people with peak aging. Name the top two.

A

Insightfulness and playfulness.

72
Q

Focusing on the positive includes what kinds of things?

A

Being a part of a faith-based community, being surrounded by friends/ having a social support system, volunteering (altruism), having a sense of meaning in your life

73
Q

How does having a job you enjoy affect your longevity?

A

Having a job you enjoy can be more beneficial for longevity than not working at all

74
Q

What’s one of the reasons why women typically live longer than men?

A

Most women place more importance on emotional health and relationships/ having more social support

Positive Psychology (12 decks)

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