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Positive Psychology > Chapter 7 - Textbook + PPTs > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Textbook + PPTs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 theories of excellence?

A

Innate genius theory, learning excellence, intensive practice,
physical and emotional characteristics, and single domain

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2
Q

Define innate genius theory

A

The theory that some people are just born brilliant

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3
Q

Define learning excellence

A

The idea that you have to learn to be excellent

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4
Q

Define intensive practice

A

The theory that you need 10K hours of practice at something to be brilliant at it

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5
Q

What things contribute to the development of excellence?

A

Large knowledge base of chosen domain, commitment to the domain, extensive and consistent practice, and deliberate practice

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6
Q

True or false: There is no such thing as over-practicing

A

False, over-practicing is a thing and is very harmful

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7
Q

Define resonance

A

A cyclical process that guides development of excellence in many areas of expertise

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8
Q

What does the resonance theory say about obstacles?

A

That you don’t simply overcome the obstacle; because it’s cyclical you end up revisiting your original dream and become reinspired. Lets you reconnect with the positive experiences you first had and embrace the obstacles.

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9
Q

Define passion

A

Intense interest and personal commitment to an activity regarded as central to one’s self

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10
Q

What are the two elements of the dualistic model of passion?

A

Harmonious and obsessive passion

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11
Q

Describe obsessive passion

A

Passion that involves feelings of being controlled, often involves rigid persistence, and may create
conflicts within one’s identity and life, as well as feelings of anxiety and even shame.

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12
Q

Define grit

A

Self-discipline, passion, and persistence

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13
Q

Does grit increase or decrease with age?

A

Increase

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14
Q

What is a better predictor of academic performance than both IQ and SAT scores?

A

Grit

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15
Q

A key element responsible for higher achievement and success is ______

A

Grit

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16
Q

Define aesthetics

A

An appreciation of the beautiful and the sublime

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17
Q

One of the 24 virtues listed in Values in Action (VIA) is what?

A

Aesthetics

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18
Q

The desire to stimulate the aesthetic sense has existed since when?

A

The beginnings of humanity

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19
Q

Ability to recognize distinct emotions in music relates to what?

A

Emotional intelligence

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20
Q

Define excellence

A

The acquisition of extraordinary skill in a specific area of

expertise

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21
Q

Define deliberate practice

A

Practice that is focused, planned, concentrated, and effortful. Deliberate practice is focused on the immediate task with attention at every moment to what one is doing correctly or incorrectly.

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22
Q

What is the 10 year rule?

A

It states that it takes at least a decade of dedicated, consistent practice before one can attain a high level of excellence

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23
Q

What are the 4 stages of the resonance performance model (RPM)?

A

The dream, preparation, obstacles, and revisit the dream

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24
Q

Define harmonious passion

A

Passion that’s the result of autonomous motivation, is freely chosen, seems to “fit” with one’s identity, and is engaged in joyously and effortlessly. Often accompanied by flow

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25
Q

Give two examples of common obsessive passions

A

Gambling and internet addiction

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26
Q

Harmonious passion may exert its greatest effect if it helps meet one’s needs for what four things?

A

Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and achievement

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27
Q

Grit is the combination of what three ideas?

A

Passion, persistence, and self discipline

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28
Q

When does grit increase life satisfaction?

A

When grit is combined with the

satisfaction of one’s needs for autonomy and competence

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29
Q

What is one example of a place with poor aesthetics?

A

Prisons

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30
Q

What are the four attributes of aesthetic experience?

A

Pleasure, absorption, intrinsic interest, and challenge

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31
Q

True or false: Gazing at an attractive object increases our sense of well-being

A

True

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32
Q

According to Dewey, why is an aesthetic sense is necessary for well-being?

A

Because it creates a heightened vitality that is restorative

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33
Q

Interesting objects, intriguing patterns, and unexpected color combinations
can do what?

A

Stimulate our sense of curiosity

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34
Q

What is the Mozart effect?

A

The idea that art can enhance intelligence

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35
Q

What’s a less common use for aesthetics?

A

A pathway to greater personal growth.

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36
Q

What was Sigmund Freud was alluding to when he said,

“Everywhere I go, I find a poet has been there before me.”?

A

The idea that art can challenge us to look deeper within ourselves, to search for new ways to express emotions, and to help us step outside our personal comfort zones to experience life in fresh
ways.

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37
Q

Name a famous case of how changes in aesthetics are not always welcome

A

The first performance of

Stravinsky’s Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) in Paris in 1913

38
Q

What is Seligman’s PERMA model?

A

Positive emotions, engagement in life, positive relationships, meaningfulness, and accomplishments

39
Q

What genres of music can be harmful?

A

Grunge rock and techno

40
Q

Singing increases ____ levels

A

Oxytocin

41
Q

How does music help physical health?

A

It helps the healing process, boosts the immune system, has been shown to improve the well-being of hospitalized children, and music therapy can help people heal

42
Q

How does music help the elderly?

A

Music-making increases well-being and neuroplasticity in older persons

43
Q

Music helps raise what kind of scores?

A

It helps children raise scholastic scores

44
Q

How does music affect the brain?

A

Music leads to increased brain size, and activate the regions associated with pleasure, euphoria, and craving

45
Q

Listening to music stimulates ____ release

A

Dopamine

46
Q

How does art help with dementia and cancer?

A

Creating art helps to deal with emotions associated with cancer, and it helps with the adjustment to dementia or chronic disability through enhanced stress reduction

47
Q

How does creating art help the elderly?

A

It can be a tool for older people to adjust to aging and increase life satisfaction and sense of meaning

48
Q

Artistic expression increases feelings of _____

A

well-being

49
Q

Emotional responses to certain forms and images are a result of what?

A

Innate responses from a deep collective unconscious

50
Q

Aesthetic sense evolved from what?

A

Early attachment between mothers and infants

51
Q

The way you judge what is beautiful is learned from what two things?

A

It’s learned from your culture

and historical period

52
Q

How does art help with tragedy?

A

It can help us experience tragic moments and feel emotions through a substitute

53
Q

Creativity is defined as what?

A

Adaptive originality

54
Q

Development of creativity shares most characteristics of _____ but adds certain cognitive styles

A

excellence

55
Q

What are the two types of creativity?

A

Little-c creativity and Big-C creativity

56
Q

Define little-c creativity

A

Little-c creativity enhances life by finding unique solutions; often referred to as everyday creativity

57
Q

What’s another term for everyday creativity?

A

Little-c creativity

58
Q

Define big-C creativity

A

A type of creativity that often transforms culture and history; associate with genius

59
Q

Creativity in one domain is ______ associated with creativity in a different domain

a) strongly
b) not
c) moderately

A

Creativity in one domain is only moderately associated with creativity in a different domain

60
Q

What is the problem with measuring creativity?

A

It’s hard to measure quantitatively

61
Q

True or false: Artistic excellence in one area translates into excellence in another

A

False; Artistic excellence in one area does not translate into excellence in another

62
Q

One consistent trait that creative people do tend to share is what?

A

Openness to experience

63
Q

What traits are common in creative people?

A

Openness to experience, highly flexible thinking, tolerant of ambiguity, a higher
tolerance for frustration, willingness to restructure problems, intrinsic motivation, independence, receptivity, sensitivity to problems, fluency in thinking, and a willingness to take risks

64
Q

Describe the creative person (3 things)

A

1) An expert in his or her chosen field or artistic medium
2) Possess and utilize cognitive skills and personality characteristics
3) Intrinsically motivated

65
Q

What are the two types of thinking?

A

Convergent and divergent thinking

66
Q

Define convergent thinking

A

Convergent thinking is a process in which various problem-solving strategies converge on a single,
correct answer to a problem.

67
Q

Define divergent thinking

A

The ability to produce many different solutions to the same problem

68
Q

Which is more correlated with creative thinking, convergent or divergent thinking?

A

Neither is particularly associated with creative thinking

69
Q

Define regression in service of the ego

A

An ability to temporarily
submerge the rational and control functions of the ego and tap into cognitive processes that are more allegorical, symbolic, and holistic

70
Q

Creativity is related to ability to tap into _____ processes

A

Creativity is related to the ability to tap into unconscious processes

71
Q

Describe expressive arts therapy

A

Therapists trained in this approach offer people an
opportunity to explore their deepest emotions in a safe, supportive environment that values expression, spontaneity, and intuition over control and conformity.

72
Q

Creativity is regarded as evolving from what?

A

Creativity is regarded as evolving from the tension between the positive and negative tendencies of who we are (according to May)

73
Q

What are the 4 stages of the creative process?

A

Preparation, incubation, illumination, and insight

74
Q

What is the left brain associated with?

A

Logical and rational thinking

75
Q

What is the right brain associated with?

A

Creative, holistic, and artistic

processes

76
Q

True or false: Both hemispheres of the brain are involved in both styles of thinking

A

True; the difference between the two hemispheres is a matter of emphasis

77
Q

Creativity correlates with what?

A

supportive environments

78
Q

True or false: there are little or no genetic influences on creativity

A

True

79
Q

Work environments that encourage what two things foster creativity?

A

Exploration and diversity of thinking

80
Q

What factors can affect creativity?

A

Settings, places, and time periods

81
Q

Describe the product approach to creativity

A

It focuses on the outcomes of creativity, and is objective if products are quantifiable

82
Q

Describe the confluence approach to creativity

A

It states that creativity is a cognitive function composed of
multiple factors. It states that a special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time are needed for creativity to flourish.

83
Q

What factors are involved in the confluence approach to creativity?

A

A special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time

84
Q

What increases cognitive flexibility?

A

A positive mood

85
Q

How can you encourage creativity in yourself?

A

Have a positive mood to increase cognitive flexibility, practice mindfulness, induce alpha/theta hypnagogic states
of relaxation, follow passions, take breaks, exercise, and
explore other cultures

86
Q

Define primary creativity

A

The ability to be inspired, to be taken up by the moment, and to perceive the world in new and
unique way

87
Q

Define emotional creativity

A

The ability to use emotions in creative ways to enhance life and expand potential

88
Q

Define genius

A

Denotes person of extraordinary creativity and inventiveness

89
Q

Describe what Howard Gardner’s study on geniuses found

A

That geniuses are often intensely dedicated and committed, extremely motivated, willing to work long and hard in search for deeper knowledge. However, it also showed geniuses to be loners, arrogant, and ruthless

90
Q

Describe the Faustian bargain that geniuses often make

A

This refers to the
Geniuses “strike a
deal” with themselves: They will sacrifice something important to become creative and famous. Often sacrificed is the quality of their personal relationships in romance and marriage, parenthood, and friendship.

91
Q

Genius-caliber creative people exhibit personality traits associated with what?

A

Poor mental health

Positive Psychology (12 decks)

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