Chapter 7 - Textbook + PPTs Flashcards
What are the 5 theories of excellence?
Innate genius theory, learning excellence, intensive practice,
physical and emotional characteristics, and single domain
Define innate genius theory
The theory that some people are just born brilliant
Define learning excellence
The idea that you have to learn to be excellent
Define intensive practice
The theory that you need 10K hours of practice at something to be brilliant at it
What things contribute to the development of excellence?
Large knowledge base of chosen domain, commitment to the domain, extensive and consistent practice, and deliberate practice
True or false: There is no such thing as over-practicing
False, over-practicing is a thing and is very harmful
Define resonance
A cyclical process that guides development of excellence in many areas of expertise
What does the resonance theory say about obstacles?
That you don’t simply overcome the obstacle; because it’s cyclical you end up revisiting your original dream and become reinspired. Lets you reconnect with the positive experiences you first had and embrace the obstacles.
Define passion
Intense interest and personal commitment to an activity regarded as central to one’s self
What are the two elements of the dualistic model of passion?
Harmonious and obsessive passion
Describe obsessive passion
Passion that involves feelings of being controlled, often involves rigid persistence, and may create
conflicts within one’s identity and life, as well as feelings of anxiety and even shame.
Define grit
Self-discipline, passion, and persistence
Does grit increase or decrease with age?
Increase
What is a better predictor of academic performance than both IQ and SAT scores?
Grit
A key element responsible for higher achievement and success is ______
Grit
Define aesthetics
An appreciation of the beautiful and the sublime
One of the 24 virtues listed in Values in Action (VIA) is what?
Aesthetics
The desire to stimulate the aesthetic sense has existed since when?
The beginnings of humanity
Ability to recognize distinct emotions in music relates to what?
Emotional intelligence
Define excellence
The acquisition of extraordinary skill in a specific area of
expertise
Define deliberate practice
Practice that is focused, planned, concentrated, and effortful. Deliberate practice is focused on the immediate task with attention at every moment to what one is doing correctly or incorrectly.
What is the 10 year rule?
It states that it takes at least a decade of dedicated, consistent practice before one can attain a high level of excellence
What are the 4 stages of the resonance performance model (RPM)?
The dream, preparation, obstacles, and revisit the dream
Define harmonious passion
Passion that’s the result of autonomous motivation, is freely chosen, seems to “fit” with one’s identity, and is engaged in joyously and effortlessly. Often accompanied by flow
Give two examples of common obsessive passions
Gambling and internet addiction
Harmonious passion may exert its greatest effect if it helps meet one’s needs for what four things?
Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and achievement
Grit is the combination of what three ideas?
Passion, persistence, and self discipline
When does grit increase life satisfaction?
When grit is combined with the
satisfaction of one’s needs for autonomy and competence
What is one example of a place with poor aesthetics?
Prisons
What are the four attributes of aesthetic experience?
Pleasure, absorption, intrinsic interest, and challenge
True or false: Gazing at an attractive object increases our sense of well-being
True
According to Dewey, why is an aesthetic sense is necessary for well-being?
Because it creates a heightened vitality that is restorative
Interesting objects, intriguing patterns, and unexpected color combinations
can do what?
Stimulate our sense of curiosity
What is the Mozart effect?
The idea that art can enhance intelligence
What’s a less common use for aesthetics?
A pathway to greater personal growth.
What was Sigmund Freud was alluding to when he said,
“Everywhere I go, I find a poet has been there before me.”?
The idea that art can challenge us to look deeper within ourselves, to search for new ways to express emotions, and to help us step outside our personal comfort zones to experience life in fresh
ways.
Name a famous case of how changes in aesthetics are not always welcome
The first performance of
Stravinsky’s Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) in Paris in 1913
What is Seligman’s PERMA model?
Positive emotions, engagement in life, positive relationships, meaningfulness, and accomplishments
What genres of music can be harmful?
Grunge rock and techno
Singing increases ____ levels
Oxytocin
How does music help physical health?
It helps the healing process, boosts the immune system, has been shown to improve the well-being of hospitalized children, and music therapy can help people heal
How does music help the elderly?
Music-making increases well-being and neuroplasticity in older persons
Music helps raise what kind of scores?
It helps children raise scholastic scores
How does music affect the brain?
Music leads to increased brain size, and activate the regions associated with pleasure, euphoria, and craving
Listening to music stimulates ____ release
Dopamine
How does art help with dementia and cancer?
Creating art helps to deal with emotions associated with cancer, and it helps with the adjustment to dementia or chronic disability through enhanced stress reduction
How does creating art help the elderly?
It can be a tool for older people to adjust to aging and increase life satisfaction and sense of meaning
Artistic expression increases feelings of _____
well-being
Emotional responses to certain forms and images are a result of what?
Innate responses from a deep collective unconscious
Aesthetic sense evolved from what?
Early attachment between mothers and infants
The way you judge what is beautiful is learned from what two things?
It’s learned from your culture
and historical period
How does art help with tragedy?
It can help us experience tragic moments and feel emotions through a substitute
Creativity is defined as what?
Adaptive originality
Development of creativity shares most characteristics of _____ but adds certain cognitive styles
excellence
What are the two types of creativity?
Little-c creativity and Big-C creativity
Define little-c creativity
Little-c creativity enhances life by finding unique solutions; often referred to as everyday creativity
What’s another term for everyday creativity?
Little-c creativity
Define big-C creativity
A type of creativity that often transforms culture and history; associate with genius
Creativity in one domain is ______ associated with creativity in a different domain
a) strongly
b) not
c) moderately
Creativity in one domain is only moderately associated with creativity in a different domain
What is the problem with measuring creativity?
It’s hard to measure quantitatively
True or false: Artistic excellence in one area translates into excellence in another
False; Artistic excellence in one area does not translate into excellence in another
One consistent trait that creative people do tend to share is what?
Openness to experience
What traits are common in creative people?
Openness to experience, highly flexible thinking, tolerant of ambiguity, a higher
tolerance for frustration, willingness to restructure problems, intrinsic motivation, independence, receptivity, sensitivity to problems, fluency in thinking, and a willingness to take risks
Describe the creative person (3 things)
1) An expert in his or her chosen field or artistic medium
2) Possess and utilize cognitive skills and personality characteristics
3) Intrinsically motivated
What are the two types of thinking?
Convergent and divergent thinking
Define convergent thinking
Convergent thinking is a process in which various problem-solving strategies converge on a single,
correct answer to a problem.
Define divergent thinking
The ability to produce many different solutions to the same problem
Which is more correlated with creative thinking, convergent or divergent thinking?
Neither is particularly associated with creative thinking
Define regression in service of the ego
An ability to temporarily
submerge the rational and control functions of the ego and tap into cognitive processes that are more allegorical, symbolic, and holistic
Creativity is related to ability to tap into _____ processes
Creativity is related to the ability to tap into unconscious processes
Describe expressive arts therapy
Therapists trained in this approach offer people an
opportunity to explore their deepest emotions in a safe, supportive environment that values expression, spontaneity, and intuition over control and conformity.
Creativity is regarded as evolving from what?
Creativity is regarded as evolving from the tension between the positive and negative tendencies of who we are (according to May)
What are the 4 stages of the creative process?
Preparation, incubation, illumination, and insight
What is the left brain associated with?
Logical and rational thinking
What is the right brain associated with?
Creative, holistic, and artistic
processes
True or false: Both hemispheres of the brain are involved in both styles of thinking
True; the difference between the two hemispheres is a matter of emphasis
Creativity correlates with what?
supportive environments
True or false: there are little or no genetic influences on creativity
True
Work environments that encourage what two things foster creativity?
Exploration and diversity of thinking
What factors can affect creativity?
Settings, places, and time periods
Describe the product approach to creativity
It focuses on the outcomes of creativity, and is objective if products are quantifiable
Describe the confluence approach to creativity
It states that creativity is a cognitive function composed of
multiple factors. It states that a special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time are needed for creativity to flourish.
What factors are involved in the confluence approach to creativity?
A special synergy of person, environment, culture, and historical time
What increases cognitive flexibility?
A positive mood
How can you encourage creativity in yourself?
Have a positive mood to increase cognitive flexibility, practice mindfulness, induce alpha/theta hypnagogic states
of relaxation, follow passions, take breaks, exercise, and
explore other cultures
Define primary creativity
The ability to be inspired, to be taken up by the moment, and to perceive the world in new and
unique way
Define emotional creativity
The ability to use emotions in creative ways to enhance life and expand potential
Define genius
Denotes person of extraordinary creativity and inventiveness
Describe what Howard Gardner’s study on geniuses found
That geniuses are often intensely dedicated and committed, extremely motivated, willing to work long and hard in search for deeper knowledge. However, it also showed geniuses to be loners, arrogant, and ruthless
Describe the Faustian bargain that geniuses often make
This refers to the
Geniuses “strike a
deal” with themselves: They will sacrifice something important to become creative and famous. Often sacrificed is the quality of their personal relationships in romance and marriage, parenthood, and friendship.
Genius-caliber creative people exhibit personality traits associated with what?
Poor mental health
