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Positive Psychology > Chapter 9- Textbook > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

____ is a way of describing optimal well-being

A

Wisdom

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2
Q

____ philosophy says that wisdom is the ultimate goal of life

A

Greek

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3
Q

What does Jewish tradition say about wisdom?

A

That it’s a venerated quality associated with a highly ethical life

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4
Q

What did research psychologists traditionally say about wisdom?

A

Research psychologists traditionally avoided the topic of wisdom

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5
Q

Wisdom implies having a type of knowledge that can be described as what three things?

A

Social, interpersonal, and psychological

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6
Q

True or false: Wisdom is easy for the average person to attain

A

False; it’s difficult

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7
Q

Webster measures wisdom with what 5 components?

A

Openness to experience, emotional regulation, healthy coping with critical life
experiences, reminiscence and reflectiveness, and a self-effacing sense of
humor that recognizes life ironies

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8
Q

What are Wink and Helseon’s two forms of wisdom?

A

Practical wisdom and transcendental wisdom

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9
Q

Define practical wisdom

A

Good interpersonal skills, clarity of thinking, greater tolerance, and generativity

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10
Q

Define transcendental wisdom

A

It deals with the limits of knowledge, the rich complexity of the human
experience, and a sense of transcending the personal and individual aspects
of human experience

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11
Q

Kunzmann and Strange define wisdom as what three things?

A

Mature personality development, as postformal reasoning, and as an
expanded form of pragmatic or practical intelligence.

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12
Q

List Bangen, Meeks, and Jeste’s elements or traits usually associated with wisdom

A

Knowledge of life, prosocial values,

self-understanding, emotional homeostasis, tolerance, openness, self-understanding, and a sense of humor.

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13
Q

Describe wisdom as a stage of cognitive thought

A

Beyond formal operational thinking; the ability to think not just rationally or abstractly, but being able to hold multiple opposing abstract ideas in your mind at the same time.

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14
Q

Researchers describe wisdom by referencing what?

A

Qualities

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15
Q

Wisdom is partially driven by what?

A

A fear of appearing foolish

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16
Q

Describe Bassett’s theory of emergent wisdom

A

The idea that wisdom emerges out of a complex series of interactions among various wisdom-related capacities and
abilities.

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17
Q

Describe Solomon’s paradox

A

The idea that oftentimes people are wiser in dealing with other peoples’ problems than in dealing with their own issues

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18
Q

Wisdom as the “master virtue” was described by whom?

A

Aristotle

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19
Q

Describe wisdom as a master virtue

A

The idea that wisdom is knowing when to use all other virtues

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20
Q

Describe Fowers’ five character types

A

People move from very simple ways to thinking about virtues to more complicated: ignore the virtues (beastly phase), know what the virtues are but have trouble using them (incontinent), when what you know is right matches up with your behavior (virtuous)

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21
Q

Wise people pursue the “good life” by _____ strategies

A

eudaimonic

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22
Q

True or false: Wisdom isn’t the inevitable outcome of aging

A

True

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23
Q

Wisdom is most often seen in what age group?

A

Middle-aged people

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24
Q

How can advanced age hinder wisdom?

A

Certain age-related changes, such as not liking change or new things, may be a hindrance to wisdom unless one actively pursues is development

25
Relationship between age and wisdom is specific to what?
culture
26
Describe the relationship between wisdom and IQ
They're positively correlated, but not the same thing
27
Wisdom is significantly correlated with what 4 factors of wellbeing?
Life satisfaction Sense of mastery Purpose in life Greater physical well-being for both men and women
28
Wise people prefer what kind of conflict-management styles?
Cooperative conflict-management styles
29
What does Erik Erikson say about wisdom?
It’s his last stage of the virtue of life and ego conflict
30
How can you cultivate wisdom?
Practicing dialectical and reflective thinking skills about difficult problems Empathy and compassion are necessary aspects of wisdom Greater emotional regulation
31
True or false: Wisdom is easy to teach
False; it is incredibly difficult
32
How does Adler define social interest?
A feeling of intimate relationship with humanity, empathy with the human condition, and a sense of altruism
33
What are two necessary aspects of wisdom?
Empathy and compassion
34
What does Jung believe about individuation?
That it leads to the development and refinement of what Jung called the self archetype, which is the archetype of inherent wholeness for the personality
35
How does Fromm describe escape | mechanisms?
Unhealthy ways of dealing with fundamental anxiety; attempts to avoid real issues or hide from the necessary struggle of facing one’s fears openly and honestly
36
How does Fromm describe the productive orientation?
The production of the true self; this process entails dealing honestly with life’s basic dichotomies and paradoxes
37
Fromm asserted that | optimal mental health involves an orientation toward what?
Being
38
Define the being orientation according to Fromm
The spontaneous expression of one’s total self when it is created from a position of complete openness to and awareness of experience
39
What is the opposite of the being orientation according to Fromm?
The having orientation
40
Define the having orientation according to Fromm
It hides isolation and anxiety behind possessions, rigid beliefs, and diversions designed to protect people from, rather than reveal the truth
41
What things does From say is necessary to move towards being?
Will one thing, be fully awake, and be aware of psychological experiences, the ability to concentrate, and the ability to meditate
42
How does May define daimonic?
Any emotional response that has the power to take us over completely
43
Frankl, a psychiatrist imprisoned in a concentration camp, came up with the term "will to meaning". How does he define it?
The search for meaning in one’s life; he argues that this is our primary drive
44
Frankl’s ideal of optimal psychological well-being is the self-transcendent person. How does he describe this state?
Someone able to rise above self-focused concerns to obtain higher meaning and purpose. Specifically, meaning is found in three ways: 1) by doing a deed or taking action, 2) by deeply experiencing, or 3) by suffering.
45
How does Wong define the meaning mind-set?
A person’s overarching collection of | motivations, worldviews, purposes, and assumptions about the good life.
46
For Wong, a search for meaning and fulfillment that values both positive and negative emotions and allows a sense of tragic optimism will help create what he calls what?
Mature happiness, also called noetic happiness
47
Define mature happiness according to Wong
A sense of well-being characterized by acceptance, inner serenity, harmony, and contentment, as well as being at peace with oneself, with others, and the world
48
What does Wong's PURE acronym stand for?
The P is purpose or having goals and aspirations, the U is understanding or self-knowledge and finding your place in the world, the R is responsibility or acting in ways that are consistent with your values, and the E is a need for self-evaluation to authenticity and efficacy.
49
Define authenticity
A emphasis on valid knowledge of our | interior lives and psychological realities; involves honest presentation of oneself to other people.
50
Define unbiased processing
An ability to see oneself without undue distortion, bias, or illusions
51
Define illusory mental health
A sense of well-being based on | distorted self-perceptions
52
How does Rogers define the self-actualizing tendency?
The idea that we all have an innate need to develop our potentials
53
How does Rogers describe the fully functioning person?
The fully functioning person exhibits 1) openness to experiences, 2) existential living, and 3) trust in one’s own organismic experiences. This results in 4) a sense of freedom and 5) enhanced creativity
54
Define emodiversity
The emotional ecosystem
55
How does Maslow describe self-actualization?
The full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities
56
How does Bauer describe the quiet ego?
The degree of egocentricity or self-centeredness found in a person’s sense of self, self-concept, or self-identity. A person who has a “quieter” ego interprets one’s own sense of self as more interdependent, internal, complex, and abstract and better able to recognize the subtler qualities of human experience
57
How does Robitschek describe the idea of personal growth initiative?
Active, intentional engagement in the process of personal growth
58
What are the 6 criteria of Jahoda's ideal | mental health?
1) Attitudes toward the self 2) Growth, development, and self-actualization 3) An integrated personality 4) Autonomy 5) Perception of reality 6) Environmental mastery
59
Define Maslow's Jonah Complex
"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure."

Positive Psychology (12 decks)

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