EXAM 2 Reading (N.Ch18)

Question 1

A patient exhibits an end-tidal CO2 that is 5 torr lower than the arterial CO2 on his arterial blood gas. You know that this

Answer 1

The end-tidal CO2 is 2-5 torr lower than the arterial CO2 in a patient with no cardiac or pulmonary pathologies.

Question 2

An upslope in the plateau phase of the capnograph can be the result of

Answer 2

A slope in the plateau represents prolonged exhalation and can result from obstruction of expired gases, COPD, or a V/Q mismatch.

Question 3

Hypothermia is defined as a core temperature below

Answer 3

96.8 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 4

Anything less than_______is considered hypothermia.

Answer 4

36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit) i

Question 5

What is capnometry?

Answer 5

Any and all measurements of carbon dioxide levels

Question 6

A capnogram is a

Answer 6

continuous display of measured CO2 levels.

Question 7

Capnography is the

Answer 7

recording of a CO2 measurement.

Question 8

A decrease in the end-tidal carbon dioxide level could be caused by any of the following conditions except:

Answer 8

Sepsis

Question 9

CO2 and Hypothyroidism and hypothermia. .

Answer 9

decrease metabolism and therefore decrease CO2 production

Question 10

Pulmonary embolism and CO2

Answer 10

decreases the elimination of CO2 and results in a decrease in ETCO2

Question 11

CO2 and Sepsis results in an

Answer 11

Increased metabolism and an increase in CO2 production.

Question 12

Which factor decreases ETCO2 during anesthesia?

Answer 12

Hypothermia

Hypothyrodism

Question 13

When carbon dioxide absorbent is exhausted, what chemical accumulates in the cannister?

Answer 13

Carbonic Acid

Question 14

A chemical carbon dioxide detector contains a pH-

Answer 14

sensitive indicator that changes color when exposed to carbonic acid.

Question 15

Formed as the byproduct of the exposure of water to carbon dioxide.

Answer 15

Carbonic acid

Question 16

When the CO2 absorbent is exhausted, what accumulates?

Answer 16

carbonic acid will accumulate, turning the indicator dye purple.

Question 17

Methemoglobinemia will cause the pulse oximeter

Answer 17

underestimate an oxygen saturation of 95%

Question 18

Methemoglobin absorbs light in a manner equal to.

Answer 18

oxyhemoglobin

Question 19

If the oxygen saturation is over 85%, methemoglobinemia will cause the pulse oximeter to falsely

Answer 19

underestimate the hemoglobin saturation.

Question 20

If the oxygen saturation is under 85%, Methemoglobinemia will cause it to

Answer 20

falsely overestimate it.

Question 21

The administration of methylene blue will

Answer 21

Cause a transient decrease in the pulse oximetry reading

Question 22

Hyperthermia is defined as a core patient temperature above

Answer 22

38 degree Celcius

Question 23

A patient under anesthesia exhibits a lower than expected end-tidal carbon dioxide level. Which of the following are possible causes? (select four)

Answer 23

Hypothermia, hypothyroidism, hyperventilation, hypoperfusion, and pulmonary embolism all result in a decreased ETCO2.

Question 24

Which of the following measures primarily assesses ventilation? Name 2

Answer 24

Auscultation

Observing chest excursion monitor ventilation.

Question 25

Which of the following measures primarily assesses Oxygenation?

Answer 25

Oxygen saturation and arterial blood gases assess oxygenation.

Question 26

An upslope in the plateau phase of the capnograph can be the result of

Answer 26

Obstruction