Exam 2: Lecture 7

Question 1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 1

progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Initial symptoms of ALS:

Answer 2

muscle weakness in hands, arms, legs, or speech. 60% of patients. 80% die in 2-5 years

Question 3

Which neurons are affected?

Answer 3

Only motor

Question 4

Most common neurological death in Canada?

Answer 4

ALS

Question 5

How is ALS diagnosed?

Answer 5

EMG very important. Other tests such as x-rays, CT scans, blood test

Question 6

Causes of ALS:

Answer 6

Apoptosis- cell death
Viruses or other toxins
Oxidative stress

Question 7

Treatment of ALS:

Answer 7

No cure. Maintain strength and ROM, low impact exercise

Question 8

Guillain Barre

Answer 8

acute inflammation of peripheral nerves, and length is very unpredictable

Question 9

Symptoms of GB?

Answer 9

rapid onset of weakness or paralysis of legs, arms, breathing muscles and face

Question 10

Treatment of GB:

Answer 10

transfuse blood with new blood shortens course of GBS, physio prominent

Question 11

Diagnosed GB ?

Answer 11

Ascending weakness and confirm by lumbar puncture to find fluid protein

Question 12

Myasthenia Gravis:

Answer 12

grave muscular weakness. Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder

Question 13

Symptoms of MG:

Answer 13

Can affect any muscle that is voluntary such as eyelids, chewing, swallowing, coughing

Question 14

Ocular myasthenia

Answer 14

weakness limited to eyelids

Question 15

Cause of MG

Answer 15

80% reduction of ACh receptor sites. This is caused by antibody that blocks or destroys receptor site

Question 16

MG Classifications

Answer 16

Class 1: affects eyelids

2: mild weakness
3: moderate weakness
4: severe
5: ventilator support

Question 17

Diagnosis of MG

Answer 17

Blood test and edeophonium chloride test - if strength is improved means positive diagnosis

Question 18

Post-polio:

Answer 18

Attack after polio virus. New weakening. Wipes out anterior horn cells

Question 19

Symptoms of post-polio:

Answer 19

progressive muscles weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy

Question 20

Cause of post-polio:

Answer 20

unknown, related to degeneration of individual nerve terminals that remain after initial illness

Question 21

Diagnosed polio by?

Answer 21

EMG
history of polio
onset of muscle weakness

Question 22

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Answer 22

very common, compression of nerves particularly brachial plexus

Question 23

Main Causes thoracic outlet:

Answer 23

Anterior scalene tightnness and costcoclavicular approximation ( clavicle pressing down on ribs) and pectoralis minor tightness

Question 24

Symptoms of TOS

Answer 24

Pain in neck, numbess, tingling in fingers or impaired circulation

Question 25

Diagnosed TOS:

Answer 25

Allen or Adson Test
EMG,
pain when overhead
Pinching of the nerves, can cause loss of pulse in certain cases

Question 26

Treatment for TOS

Answer 26

stretches, if don’t respond surgery to take out first rib

Question 27

Carpal Tunnel

Answer 27

painful progressive condition cause by compression of medial nerve in carpal tunnel

Question 28

Symptoms of Carpal tunnel :

Answer 28

pain, weakness, numbness in wrist

Question 29

Some exercises for Carpal tunnel:

Answer 29

tennis ball squeeze

wrist extension and flexion

Question 30

Bell’s palsy

Answer 30

causes facial muscles to weaken or become paralyzed.

Question 31

Cause of bell’s palsy

Answer 31

trauma to 7th cranial nerve

Question 32

Symptoms of Bell’s palsy

Answer 32

No facial movements, happens within several days. Never longer than 2 weeks. Warning sign+ neck pain, or pain behind ear

Question 33

How many recover from Bell’s palsy?

Answer 33

50% complete recoveries, 35% good

Question 34

Treatment for bells:

Answer 34

No immediate exercise
Forcing movement could create long term problems
Rest and wear glasses