Exam 2: Lecture 6

Question 1

Parkinsons

Answer 1

Progressive neurodegenerative disease involves loss of cells in substantia nigra (produce dopamine)

Question 2

Percentage of cells left by time of diagnosis

Answer 2

80% already stopped functioning

Question 3

When do parkinsons symptoms appear?

Answer 3

Around age 60

Question 4

First symptom to show in younger people?

Answer 4

Dystonia. Younger diagnosis’s have less cognitive issues

Question 5

Parkinons is classified as what type of disorder?

Answer 5

Extrapyramidal disorders

Question 6

4 basic signs of parkinsons

Answer 6

Tremors, Rigidity, bradyskinesia, poor postural reflexes, festinating gait, mask like face

Question 7

Types of Parkinsonism

Answer 7

idiopathic- unknown cause 
toxic exposure: poisoning or drugs 
arteriosclerotic- mini strokes 
shy-drager syndrome 
drug induced 
trauma

Question 8

Shy- Drager parkinsonism:

Answer 8

Associated with hypotension, frequent urinary incont and fainting

Question 9

Dopamine is what kind of neuro?

Answer 9

It is inhibitory and without this there is over-excitation in basal ganglia

Question 10

Main areas of concern for PT:

Answer 10

extension to work against trunk

Trunk rotation, weight shift, hand dexterity

Question 11

Some activities for clients for parkinsons:

Answer 11

trunk flexion, extension - standing, 
ADLS
balance exercises, 
Active ROM in U/E and ankle 
Sit to stand 
Step turns

Question 12

Multiple Sclerosis:

Answer 12

chronic progressive demyelinating disease of CNS

Question 13

Where are lesions found?

Answer 13

Scar like plague found in basal ganglia, optic nerve, mid brains, pods, spinal cord

Question 14

Measure Progression

Answer 14

0-10.
O Normal

10 Death due to MS

Question 15

3 courses of MS:

Answer 15

Clinically isolated syndrome
Relapsing Remitting MS
Progresssive

Question 16

What are the cells that produce myelin?

Answer 16

Oligodendricytes

Question 17

What is the most common course of MS?

Answer 17

Relapsing- have flares ups every 1-2 years

Question 18

Symptoms of RRMS

Answer 18

Usually first 20 years, one to two flares ups every 1-3 years. Any symptoms of MS or combo that appear suddenly and last a few weeks or months then disappear

Question 19

Bengin MS

Answer 19

sub cat. of RRMS

Symptoms mild- moderate. Stay relatively unimpaired for many years after attack.

Question 20

Most common symptom of Bengin?

Answer 20

sensory, optic neurtis

Question 21

Progressive MS

Answer 21

slowly and continuously increases with or without relapses

Question 22

Primary progressive

Answer 22

10%. nearly continuous worsening. Appears in people in their 40’s

Question 23

Secondary progressive MS

Answer 23

progressive after initial relapsing or remitting phase ( 5-25 years or more)

Question 24

How MS is diagnosed:

Answer 24

1. Experience two separate attacks at least one month apart. Must last 24 hours
2. Detectable damage to myelin. Use MRI to do this

Question 25

Epidemiology of MS:

Answer 25

2-50 year olds
3:2 females to males
greater incidence to Caucasians

Question 26

Symptoms of MS:

Answer 26

numbness and muscle weakness
difficulty in coordination and balance 
speech impairments 
fatigue, tremors 
75% never need w/c

Question 27

Etiology of MS

Answer 27

unknown, there is a genetic link. time of exposure seems important

Question 28

MS management:

Answer 28

graded exercise, aerobic, cold -avoid heat, ROM, muscle tone, gait training