Exam 1: Lecture 2 Flashcards
3 steps of PT evaluation:
- Observe activities, ADL, rest
- Comparison to normal movements
- Analysis motor control
5 Components of normal movement:
Trunk control Head control Midline orientation Weight bearing Limb movement
5 possible reasons one can’t perform functional activity
Abnormal tone Abnormal movement Poor motor control Poor strength Limitation movement Pain Poor motivation Poor sensation
May might limit outcome of treatment?
Pain Cognition Motor planning Perceptual deficits Tone that won't change
Brunnstroms stages of recovery for U/E:
- Flaccidity *
- Beginning of spasticity
- Active initiation of synergy
- Movements of deviating from synergy
- Independent synergy
- Isolated joint *
How can a therapist aide normal mobility ?
motor control
train motor planning
strength muscles
ROM
Brunnstrom stages for recovery for L/E
- Flaccidity
- Minimal voluntary mvmt
- Hip-knee-flexion
- Sitting knee with foot slide
- standing, knee flexion
- standing abduction
Ashworth scale for spasticity:
0- no increase in tone * 1- slight increase 2-marked increase, but parts still easily flexed 3-passive movement still difficult 4-rigid in flexion/ext. *
Some common neuro impairments (symptoms):
Impaired: strength, muscle tone, ROM, sensation, balance
Common paediatric conditions
down syndrome, cerebral palsy, spinal abifia
What is positioning used for?
Improvement of head and trunk
Postural alignment
Decrease high muscle tone
Continuum of tone
Hpotonia( floppy.flaccid)
Normal
Hypertonia (rigidity, spasticity)
How is normal tone created?
Regulated by the brain and then to the muscle
What is stretch reflex?
when a tendon is stimulated, the cue reaches the muscle spindle which makes the muscle react. Can do with any muscle
Explain corticospinal tract
Descending tract that cross over at medulla (carries signals down spine)
