Exam 2: Lecture 5

Question 1

What are the most common levels of injury?

Answer 1

C1, C2 and C5-7

T12-L2

Question 2

Corticospinal tracts:

Answer 2

Motor from cerebral cortex and crosses in lower medulla

Question 3

Spinothalamic

Answer 3

Pain and temp

Question 4

Most common types of forces:

Answer 4

Cervical rotation flex- transection of SC
Hyperflexion:
Cervical hyperextension injuries- ex. fall on chin
Compression injuries- vertical compression

Question 5

Complete SCI:

Answer 5

complete transection of motor and sensory tracts

Question 6

Types of incomplete SCI

Answer 6

central, anterior, posterior, brown sequard

Question 7

Myotomes: C5-T1

Answer 7

C5=deltoid
C6= biceps/ wrist extensors
C7=triceps
C8=thumb extensor/ finger flexors
T1= finger abd/add

Question 8

Myotomes L2-S1

Answer 8

L2= hip flexors 
L3= quads
L4= dorsiflexiors
L5=gret toe extensors
S1=plantarflexion

Question 9

UMN vs. LMN:

Answer 9

Upper: muscle tone increased. Often symmetric
Lower: muscle tone decreased. Often single muscle group

Question 10

Myelopathy:

Answer 10

Spinal cord process ( spasticity, weakness, atrophy, bowel and bladder problems)

Question 11

Radiculopathy:

Answer 11

nerve root process (paresthesias, weakness, decreased DTR)

Question 12

ASIA Scale:

Answer 12

A: Complete
B: Incomplete: sensory no motor function 
C: Incomplete: motor function preserved
D: Incomplete:  
E: Normal

Question 13

Spinal Shock

Answer 13

loss of motor and sensory after trauma

Question 14

Neurogenic shock

Answer 14

Involves sympathetic chain and associated with autonomic instability

Question 15

Symptoms of complete spinal cord:

Answer 15

No sensation, flaccid, hyperreflexia.

Question 16

Central Cord Syndrome

Answer 16

Result of hyperextension injury or tumour affect central cord, plegia in arms or legs.

Question 17

Anterior:

Answer 17

after hyperflexion, motor loss, pain/ temp loss. Autonomic loss

Question 18

Cause of Brown Sequard:

Answer 18

After penetrating trauma or tumour. Ipsilateral motor paralysis (one half of spinal cord affected)

Question 19

Anterior:

Answer 19

after hyperflexion, motor loss, pain/ temp loss. Autonomic loss

Question 20

Brown Sequard:

Answer 20

After penetrating trauma. Ipsilateral motor paralysis (one half of spinal cord affected)

Question 21

Conus Medularis

Answer 21

Very bottom of spinal cord. Bowel and bladder deficits

Question 22

Cauda equina

Answer 22

Spinal cord ends at L2 and impairs sensations, bowel and bladder.

Question 23

Apoptosis

Answer 23

programmed cell death, prevents cells from futhermore dying

Question 24

Morbidity of most cases:

Answer 24

25% pressure ulcers
13% pneumonia
10% DVT

Question 25

What are some of the leading causes of death?

Answer 25

Pneumonia, heart disease, sepsis. (lower life expectancy)

Question 26

Autonomic dysfunction

Answer 26

problems with autonomic nervous system - above T6

Question 27

Autonomic hyperreflexia

Answer 27

blood pressure goes through the roof in response to something painful - above T6

Question 28

Neuropathic spinal pain

Answer 28

Pain in legs, 6-50%. Feels like high temp or electric

Question 29

What is a spasticity medication?

Answer 29

Baclofen

Question 30

Key Motor Scores:

Answer 30

0= total paralysis 
1= palpable
2= active movement 
3= movement against gravity 
4= some resistance
5 active movement against full resistance