Exam 2 - Chapter 16 Flashcards
The IUPAC for names of carboxylic acids replace the “__” of the corresponding alkane with “___”
replaces “e” with “oic acid”
simple carboxylic acids are usually named by the common system using the prefixes “form” 1C, “acet” 2C, “proprion” 3C, or “butyr 4C, followed by “ic acid”
True
remember the carboxylic acids and the number associated from the carbonyl group equates to a greek letter
1 away - alpha
2 away - beta
3 away - gamma
carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than other polar compounds such as alcohols
true
because they have two polar groups, carboxylic acids form ___, which contain ___ sets of hydrogen bonds
dimers
two
carboxylic acids with one to _ carbon atoms are soluble in water
5
as weak acids, carboxylic acids dissociate slightly in water to form acidic solutions of…
H3O+ and Carboxylate ions
when bases neutralize carboxylic acids, the products are…
carboxylate salts and water
in the presence of a strong acid, a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce…
an ester and water
in the presence of a ____, a carboxylic acid reacts with an ____ to produce an ester and water
strong acid
alcohol
the names of esters consist of two words, one from the ___ and the other from the ____
alcohol
carboxylic acid
how to name esters:
change “ic acid” and replace with “ate”
esters have higher boiling points than alkanes, but lower boiling points than
alcohols and carboxylic acids of similar mass
In hydrolysis, ___ are split apart by a reaction with water
esters
when the catalyst is an acid, the products of breaking down an ester are…
carboxylic acid and an alcohol
is the hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base, which produces a carboxylate salt and an alcohol
saponification
saponification is…
hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base to produce a carboyxlate salt and an alcohol
the splitting of a molecule such as an ester by the addition of water in the presence of an acid
hydrolysis
what is the produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide
carboxylate salt
A carboxylic acid contains a…
…carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group —OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group.
• the e in the alkane name is replaced with oic acid.
In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids
CH4 Methane to COOH ?
CH3—CH3 Ethane to COOH ?
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
In carboxylic acids, Substituents are numbered from the…
…carboxyl, which is carbon 1.
IUPAC number carbons = 1, 2, 3, 4
Common number carbons = blank, alpha, beta, gamma
IUPAC naming add the: oic and take off the e, but
common naming uses prefixes: form, acet, propion, butyr.
What is an AHA?
an Alpha Hydroxy acid:
• are found in fruits, milk, and sugar cane.
• are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the carboxyl group.
Are carboxylic acids polar? why or why not?
They are STRONGLY polar because they have two polar groups:
- a hydroxyl group (–OH) and
- a carbonyl group (C = O)
