Exam 2 - Chapter 16

Question 1

The IUPAC for names of carboxylic acids replace the “__” of the corresponding alkane with “___”

Answer 1

replaces “e” with “oic acid”

Question 2

simple carboxylic acids are usually named by the common system using the prefixes “form” 1C, “acet” 2C, “proprion” 3C, or “butyr 4C, followed by “ic acid”

Answer 2

True

Question 3

remember the carboxylic acids and the number associated from the carbonyl group equates to a greek letter

Answer 3

1 away - alpha
2 away - beta
3 away - gamma

Question 4

carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than other polar compounds such as alcohols

Answer 4

true

Question 5

because they have two polar groups, carboxylic acids form ___, which contain ___ sets of hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

dimers

two

Question 6

carboxylic acids with one to _ carbon atoms are soluble in water

Answer 6

5

Question 7

as weak acids, carboxylic acids dissociate slightly in water to form acidic solutions of…

Answer 7

H3O+ and Carboxylate ions

Question 8

when bases neutralize carboxylic acids, the products are…

Answer 8

carboxylate salts and water

Question 9

in the presence of a strong acid, a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce…

Answer 9

an ester and water

Question 10

in the presence of a ____, a carboxylic acid reacts with an ____ to produce an ester and water

Answer 10

strong acid

alcohol

Question 11

the names of esters consist of two words, one from the ___ and the other from the ____

Answer 11

alcohol

carboxylic acid

Question 12

how to name esters:

Answer 12

change “ic acid” and replace with “ate”

Question 13

esters have higher boiling points than alkanes, but lower boiling points than

Answer 13

alcohols and carboxylic acids of similar mass

Question 14

In hydrolysis, ___ are split apart by a reaction with water

Answer 14

esters

Question 15

when the catalyst is an acid, the products of breaking down an ester are…

Answer 15

carboxylic acid and an alcohol

Question 16

is the hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base, which produces a carboxylate salt and an alcohol

Answer 16

saponification

Question 17

saponification is…

Answer 17

hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base to produce a carboyxlate salt and an alcohol

Question 18

the splitting of a molecule such as an ester by the addition of water in the presence of an acid

Answer 18

hydrolysis

Question 19

what is the produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide

Answer 19

carboxylate salt

Question 20

A carboxylic acid contains a…

Answer 20

…carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group —OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group.

Question 21

• the e in the alkane name is replaced with oic acid.

Answer 21

In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids

Question 22

CH4 Methane to COOH ?

CH3—CH3 Ethane to COOH ?

Answer 22

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

Question 23

In carboxylic acids, Substituents are numbered from the…

Answer 23

…carboxyl, which is carbon 1.

Question 24

IUPAC number carbons = 1, 2, 3, 4

Common number carbons = blank, alpha, beta, gamma

Answer 24

IUPAC naming add the: oic and take off the e, but

common naming uses prefixes: form, acet, propion, butyr.

Question 25

What is an AHA?

Answer 25

an Alpha Hydroxy acid:
• are found in fruits, milk, and sugar cane.
• are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the carboxyl group.

Question 26

Are carboxylic acids polar? why or why not?

Answer 26

They are STRONGLY polar because they have two polar groups:

• a hydroxyl group (–OH) and
• a carbonyl group (C = O)