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Biochemistry Exam 4 > Ch. 9 > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Flashcards

1
Q

a solution is a …..

A

homogenous mixture that forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent

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2
Q

the solvent is

A

the substance that is present in the greater amount

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3
Q

solvents and solutes can be

A

solids, liquids, or gasses. The solution IS the same physical state as the solvent

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4
Q

like dissolves like means….

A

a polar solute is soluble in a polar solvent; a non polar solute is soluble in non polar solvent

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5
Q

water molecules form hydrogen bonds because…

A

the partial positive charge of the hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of oxygen in another water molecule

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6
Q

an ionic solute dissolves in water, a polar solvent, because….

A

the polar water molecules attract and pull the positive and negative ions into solution. In solution, water molecules surround the ions in a process called hydration

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7
Q

hydration?

A

water molecules surrounding ions and pulling apart their negative and positive ions

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8
Q

electrolytes conduct an electrical current because

A

they produce ions in aqueous solutions

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9
Q

strong electrolytes are _____ dissociated into ions, whereas weak electrolytes are _____ dissociated into ions

A

completely;

partially

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10
Q

nonelectrolytes do not form ions in solution but

A

dissolve as molecules

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11
Q

ions are measured as equivalents (Eq), which is the amount of the ion that is equal to

A

1 mole of positive or negative electrical charge

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12
Q

a substance that dissociates as molecules, not ions, when it dissolves in water

A

non electrolyte

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13
Q

the substance that comprises the lesser amount in a solution

A

solute

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14
Q

a solute that dissociates 100% into ions in solution

A

strong electrolyte

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15
Q

the substance that comprises the greater amount in a solution

A

solvent

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16
Q

a homogenous mixture of at least two component called a solute and a solvent

A

solution

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17
Q

the amount of positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electrical charge

A

equivalent

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18
Q

the amount of solute that dissolves depends on the…

A

nature of the solute and solvent

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19
Q

describes the max amount of a solute that dissolves in 100. g of solvent at a given temperature

A

solubility

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20
Q

contains the max amount of dissolved solute at a certain temperature, whereas an unsaturated contains less than this amount

A

a saturated solution

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21
Q

increases the solubility of most solids, but decreases the solubility of gases in water

A

an increase in temperature

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22
Q

states that the solubility of gases in liquids is directly related to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid

A

Henry’s law

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23
Q

describe the kinds of ionic combinations that are soluble or insoluble in water

A

the solubility rules

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24
Q

mass percent (m/m) =

A

mass of solute / mass of solution X 100%

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25
Q

a _____ expresses the ratio of the mass of solute to the mass of solution multiplied by 100%. Mass units must be the same such as grams of solute/grams of solution x 100%

A

mass percent (m/m)

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26
Q

the concentration of a solution is the relationship between the amount of solute to solution

A

true

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27
Q

a _______ expresses the ratio of the volume of solute to volume of solution multiplied by 100%

A

volume percent (v/v)

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28
Q

volume percent (v/v) =

A

volume of solute / volume of solution x 100%

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29
Q

A ______ expresses the ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solution multiplied by 100% (g/mL)

A

mass/volume percent (m/v)

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30
Q

mass/volume percent (m/v) =

A

grams of solute / mL of solution x 100%

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31
Q

concentration term that indicates number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 L (1000 mL) of solution

A

Molarity (M)

32
Q

Molarity (M) =

A

moles of solute / liters of solution

33
Q

the numbers of moles of solute in 1 L of solution

A

molarity

34
Q

the amount of solute dissolved in certain amounts of solution

A

concentration

35
Q

a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temp

A

saturated

36
Q

a solution with less than the max amount of solute that can dissolve

A

unsaturated

37
Q

the concentration of a solution in terms of mass of solute in 100. g of solution

A

mass percent (m/m)

38
Q

the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100. g of solvent at a given temperature

A

solubility

39
Q

mixing a solution with solvent to obtain a solution with a lower concentration

A

dilution

40
Q

for dilutions, use the expression _____ and solve for the unknown value

A

C1V1 = C2V2

41
Q

semipermeable membrane

A

allows smaller particles, not larger like in a colloid solution

42
Q

colloidal particles are

A

large molecules, such as proteins, or groups of molecules or ions

43
Q

colloids similar to solutions are homogenous mixtures that….

A

do not separate or settle out

44
Q

are composed of large particles that settle out of a solution

A

suspensions

45
Q

a solute added to water decreases the ___
decreases the _____
and increases the ____
increases the ___

A 
vapor pressure (decreases)
freezing point (decreases)
boiling point (increases)
osmotic pressure (increases)

Vaping Free Body Odor

46
Q

the pressure that prevents the flow of water into a more concentrate solution

A

osmotic pressure

47
Q

____ solutions have osmotic pressures equal to that of body fluids

lower

higher

A

isotonic

hypotonic

hypertonic

48
Q

in ____, water and small solute particles can pass through a dialyzing membrane, while larger particles such as blood cells cannot

A

dialysis

49
Q

the solute consists of single atoms, ions, or small molecules

A

solution

50
Q

settles out with gravity

A

suspension

51
Q

retained by filters

A

suspension

52
Q

cannot pass through a membrane

A

colloid; suspension

53
Q

contains large particles that are visible

A

suspension

54
Q

used to describe the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

A

solubility

55
Q

usually expressed in grams of solute in 100. g of solvent, is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temperature

A

solubility

56
Q

if a solute dissolves when added to a solvent, the solvent obviously does not or did not have the max amount of solute

A

unsaturated

57
Q

a solution that contains all the solute that can dissolve

A

saturated

58
Q

the reaction of solute + solvent —> saturated solution

how about the other way?

A

solute dissolves

solute recrystallizes

59
Q

the reaction of solute + solvent

A

solute recrystallizes

solute dissolves

60
Q

explain dissolving vs recrystallizing

A

well done hero

61
Q

when a saturated solution is carefully cooled, it becomes

A

a supersaturated solution (contains more solute than solubility allows)

62
Q

what happens if you agitate a supersaturated solution or add a crystal solute?

A

the excess solute recrystallizes to give a saturated solution again

63
Q

what happens to the solubility of a gas in water as you increase temperature?

A

the solubility decrease as temperature increases (the gas escapes the water solution)

64
Q

states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of the gas above that liquid

A

Henry’s law

65
Q

when the pressure of a gas above a solution decreases, the solubility of that gas in the solution

A

also decreases

66
Q

the amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solution

A

concentration

67
Q

in a solution going from what to what causes a dissociation vs a recombination reaction?

A

the forward and reverse reactions of molecules to ions and back again i.e. the dissociation of a compound in water and the charges must balance. Used for electrolytes (9.2)

68
Q

a filter can be used to separate a suspension, but a semipermeable membrane must be used to separate a

A

colloid

69
Q

mass percent =?

A

mass of solute / (mass of solute + mass of solvent) x 100

OR written

mass of solute / (mass of solution) x 100

70
Q

volume percent = ?

A

volume of solute / (volume of solute + volume of solvent) x 100

OR written

volume of solute / (volume of solution) x 100

71
Q

mass / volume percent (m/v) = ?

A

grams of solute (mL of SOLUTION) x 100

72
Q

Molarity (M) = ?

A

moles of solute / Liters of solution

73
Q

an equivalent (Eq) is the amount of an electrolyte or an ion that provides….

A

1 moles of electrical charge

Na1+= 1 Eq
Ca2+ = 2 Eq
74
Q

Equivalents of electrolytes the charge of the positive ions is

A

always balanced by the charge of the negative ions

75
Q

the concentrations of electrolytes in IV fluids are expressed in…

A

mEq/L

76
Q

concentration of electrolytes = ?

A

mEq/L

77
Q

remember in blood plasma typical concentrations of electrolytes have a…

A

charge balance

total number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges

Biochemistry Exam 4 (19 decks)

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