Exam 2 - Chapter 15

Question 1

contain several hydroxyl groups attached to a chain of three to eight carbon atoms.

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

Monosaccharides that contain an aldehyde group are classified as

Answer 2

aldoses.

Question 3

Monosaccharides that contain a ketone group

are classified as

Answer 3

ketoses.

Question 4

have hydroxyl groups on all
carbons except the carbonyl
carbon.

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

triose (three C atoms)

tetrose (four C atoms)

pentose (five C atoms)

hexose (six C atoms)

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Draw Glucose, Galactose and Fructose

Answer 6

Well done

Question 7

Draw Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose

Answer 7

Well Done

Question 8

An object whose mirror image is identical to the original and can be superimposed on it is

Answer 8

achiral

Question 9

Objects such as hands that have nonsuperimposable mirror images are

Answer 9

chiral.

Question 10

When stereoisomers cannot be superimposed, they are

called

Answer 10

enantiomers.

Question 11

Where does the most oxidized group go on a Fischer projection?

Answer 11

on top

Question 12

Right Fischer = ?

Left Fischer = ?

Answer 12

Right Fischer = D

Left Fischer = L

Question 13

D vs L are what ?

Answer 13

enantiomer

Question 14

What are the most important monosaccharides?

Answer 14

Glucose, galactose, and fructose

Question 15

chiral carbon farthest from the _____ determines an L or D isomer.

Answer 15

carbonyl group

Question 16

a simple or complex sugar composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 16

carbohydrate

Question 17

chiral carbon

Answer 17

carbon bonded to four different groups

Question 18

a cyclic structure that represents CLOSED-CHAIN form of a monosaccaride

Answer 18

Haworth structure

Question 19

an unbranched polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans

Answer 19

cellulose

Question 20

an aldohexose that is the most prevalent monosaccharide in the diet

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for amylose:

Answer 21

glucose; alpha (1–>4) glycosidic bonds

Question 22

list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for amylopectin:

Answer 22

glucose; alpha (1–>4) alpha (1–>6) glycosidic bonds

Question 23

list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for glycogen:

Answer 23

glucose; alpha (1–>4) and alpha (1–>6) glycosidic bonds

Question 24

list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for cellulose:

Answer 24

glucose; beta (1–>4) glycosidic bonds

Question 25

is called table sugar

Answer 25

sucrose

Question 26

gives glucitol upon reduction

Answer 26

glucose

Question 27

gives galactose upon hydrolysis

Answer 27

lactose

Question 28

table sugar

Answer 28

sucrose

Question 29

the term “carbohydrate” comes from:

Answer 29

carbs contain hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio

Question 30

a carbohydrate that is produced as a storage form of energy in plants

Answer 30

amylopectin

Question 31

a carbohydrate that is used for structural purposes by plants

Answer 31

cellulose

Question 32

a disaccharide that is NOT a reducing sugar

Answer 32

sucrose