Exam 2 - Chapter 15 Flashcards
contain several hydroxyl groups attached to a chain of three to eight carbon atoms.
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides that contain an aldehyde group are classified as
aldoses.
Monosaccharides that contain a ketone group
are classified as
ketoses.
have hydroxyl groups on all
carbons except the carbonyl
carbon.
Monosaccharides
triose (three C atoms)
tetrose (four C atoms)
pentose (five C atoms)
hexose (six C atoms)
True
Draw Glucose, Galactose and Fructose
Well done
Draw Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose
Well Done
An object whose mirror image is identical to the original and can be superimposed on it is
achiral
Objects such as hands that have nonsuperimposable mirror images are
chiral.
When stereoisomers cannot be superimposed, they are
called
enantiomers.
Where does the most oxidized group go on a Fischer projection?
on top
Right Fischer = ?
Left Fischer = ?
Right Fischer = D
Left Fischer = L
D vs L are what ?
enantiomer
What are the most important monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose, and fructose
chiral carbon farthest from the _____ determines an L or D isomer.
carbonyl group
a simple or complex sugar composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrate
chiral carbon
carbon bonded to four different groups
a cyclic structure that represents CLOSED-CHAIN form of a monosaccaride
Haworth structure
an unbranched polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans
cellulose
an aldohexose that is the most prevalent monosaccharide in the diet
glucose
list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for amylose:
glucose; alpha (1–>4) glycosidic bonds
list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for amylopectin:
glucose; alpha (1–>4) alpha (1–>6) glycosidic bonds
list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for glycogen:
glucose; alpha (1–>4) and alpha (1–>6) glycosidic bonds
list the monosaccharides and types of glycoside bonds for cellulose:
glucose; beta (1–>4) glycosidic bonds
is called table sugar
sucrose
gives glucitol upon reduction
glucose
gives galactose upon hydrolysis
lactose
table sugar
sucrose
the term “carbohydrate” comes from:
carbs contain hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio
a carbohydrate that is produced as a storage form of energy in plants
amylopectin
a carbohydrate that is used for structural purposes by plants
cellulose
a disaccharide that is NOT a reducing sugar
sucrose
