Ch. 7 Flashcards
Oxidation is ____ Reduction is ____
lost of electrons; gain of electrons
OILRIG
a ____ must always be accompanied by a reduction
oxidation
the number of electrons lost in the oxidation reduction reaction is equal to….
the number of electrons gained in the reduction reaction
in biological systems, the term oxidation describes….
the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
in biological systems, the term reduction describes….
the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen
a reaction in which electrons are lost from one reactant and gained by another reactant
oxidation-reduction reaction
1 mole = ? particles
Avogadro’s number or 6.02 x 10 to the 23rd power
REMINDER: the subscripts in the formula indicate the number of moles of each element in 1 mole of that compound. For example
1 mole of Mg3N2 = ? moles of Mg atoms
1 mole of Mg3N2 = ? moles of N atoms
3 moles of Mg atoms
2 moles of N atoms
The molar mass (g/mole) of an element is numerically equal to….
its atomic mass in grams
The molar mass (g/mole) of a compound is ….
the sum of the molar mass (grams) for each element multiplied by the subscript in the formula
We always round the molar mass to the…
hundredths place (0.01) or use at least 4 sig figs
in a limiting reactant problem, the availability of one of the reactants limits….
the amount of products
the reactant that is used up is the
limiting reactant
the reactant that remains is the
excess reactant
the limiting reactant produces the….
smaller number of moles of product
theoretical yield is the max amount of product calculated for a given….
amount of reactant
percent yield is the ratio of the actual amount (yield) of product obtained to the
theoretical yield
percent yield =
actual mass produced / theoretical mass X 100%
provides us with energy from food
oxidation reduction
provides electrical energy in batteries
oxidation reduction
occurs when iron rusts
oxidation
when electrons are transferred from one substance to another
oxidation-reduction reaction
in many biochemical oxidation-reduction rxn’s, the transfer of hydrogen atoms is necessary for the production of energy, but the intermediate products are?
toxic
causing headaches and possible death as they interfere with key reactions in cells
Oxidation ALWAYS
may be seen as
ALWAYS loss of electrons
may be addition of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
Reduction ALWAYS
may be seen as
ALWAYS gain of electrons
may be loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen
1 mole = how many items (particles)?
avogadro’s number 6.02 x 10 ^ 23rd
the chemical subscripts specify the
Atoms in 1 molecule
Moles of each element in 1 mole
C9H8O4
1 molecule: _ atoms C, _ atoms of H, _ atoms of O
1 mole: _ moles C, _ moles of H, _ moles of O
C9H8O4
1 molecule: 9 atoms C, 8 atoms of H, 4 atoms of O
1 mole: 9 moles C, 8 moles of H, 4 moles of O
for any element, the quantity called molar mass is teh quantity in grams that equals the ____ ____ of that element
atomic mass
the mass of 1 moles of an element also the atomic mass expressed in grams
molar mass
molar mass of molecule
mass of each individual element added depending on the number of moles of that element in one mole of the molecule
