Ch. 6 Flashcards
Ionic bonds occur when valence electrons of a ___ ___
are transferred to the atom of a nonmetal.
metal atom
Covalent bonds occur when ___ ___ share
electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.
nonmetal atoms
M (metal) to Nm (nonmetal) bond =
ionic bond or TRANSFER of electrons
sharing electrons =
covalent bond
Positive Ions =
loss of electrons
Negative ions =
gaining of electrons
major cations outside the cell
Ca2+ and Mg2+
__ ___ consist of positive and negative charges held together by the strong electrical attractions between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compounds
- consist of positive and negative ions.
- have attractions between positively and negatively charged ions.
- have high melting points.
- are solids at room temperature.
Ionic compounds
in a chemical formula, the ___ = ___
total positive charge = total negative charge
When naming an ionic compound,
• the name of the metal is written ___ and is the same as
the name of the element.
• the name of the ___ is the first syllable of the
nonmetal name + ___ ending and is written second.
• a space is placed between the name of the metal and
nonmetal ion.
first
nonmetal; ide
most transition metals form two or more positive cations;
therefore a Roman numeral equal to ___ is placed ___
to the ion charge is placed in parentheses immediately after the metal name
- Names of most common polyatomic ions end in ate.
SO42− sulfate
PO43− phosphate
NO3− nitrate
- When a related ion has one less oxygen, its name ends in ite.
SO32− sulfite
PO33− phosphite
NO2− nitrite
ate vs ite
polyatomic ions
• are a group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall ionic charge.
• often consist of a nonmetal such as phosphorus, sulfur,
carbon, or nitrogen covalently bonded to oxygen atoms.
- usually have a 1−, 2−, or 3− charge.
- have a negative charge, except for NH4+, ammonium, which has a positive charge,
occur when the valence electrons of atoms of a metal are transferred to atoms of nonmentals
ionic bonds
