Ch. 6

Question 1

Ionic bonds occur when valence electrons of a ___ ___

are transferred to the atom of a nonmetal.

Answer 1

metal atom

Question 2

Covalent bonds occur when ___ ___ share

electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement.

Answer 2

nonmetal atoms

Question 3

M (metal) to Nm (nonmetal) bond =

Answer 3

ionic bond or TRANSFER of electrons

Question 4

sharing electrons =

Answer 4

covalent bond

Question 5

Positive Ions =

Answer 5

loss of electrons

Question 6

Negative ions =

Answer 6

gaining of electrons

Question 7

major cations outside the cell

Answer 7

Ca2+ and Mg2+

Question 8

__ ___ consist of positive and negative charges held together by the strong electrical attractions between oppositely charged ions.

Answer 8

Ionic compounds

Question 9

• consist of positive and negative ions.
• have attractions between positively and negatively charged ions.
• have high melting points.
• are solids at room temperature.

Answer 9

Ionic compounds

Question 10

in a chemical formula, the ___ = ___

Answer 10

total positive charge = total negative charge

Question 11

When naming an ionic compound,

• the name of the metal is written ___ and is the same as
the name of the element.

• the name of the ___ is the first syllable of the
nonmetal name + ___ ending and is written second.

• a space is placed between the name of the metal and
nonmetal ion.

Answer 11

first

nonmetal; ide

Question 12

most transition metals form two or more positive cations;

therefore a Roman numeral equal to ___ is placed ___

Answer 12

to the ion charge is placed in parentheses immediately after the metal name

Question 13

1. Names of most common polyatomic ions end in ate.

SO42− sulfate
PO43− phosphate
NO3− nitrate

2. When a related ion has one less oxygen, its name ends in ite.

SO32− sulfite
PO33− phosphite
NO2− nitrite

Answer 13

ate vs ite

Question 14

polyatomic ions

Answer 14

• are a group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall ionic charge.

• often consist of a nonmetal such as phosphorus, sulfur,
carbon, or nitrogen covalently bonded to oxygen atoms.

• usually have a 1−, 2−, or 3− charge.
• have a negative charge, except for NH4+, ammonium, which has a positive charge,

Question 15

occur when the valence electrons of atoms of a metal are transferred to atoms of nonmentals

Answer 15

ionic bonds

Question 16

form when atoms of nonmetals share valence electrons

Answer 16

covalent bonds

Question 17

When an atom loses or gains electrons, it acquires teh electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. For example, Li…

Answer 17

Li+ to gain configuration of helium

Question 18

when two or more ions are needed for charge balance, the number is indicated by ____ in the formula

Answer 18

subscripts

Question 19

A ___ of 1 is understood and not written

Answer 19

subscript

Question 20

How do you name ionic compounds?

Answer 20

positive ion (metal) name first. The nonmetal name is obtained by using the first syllable of its name followed by “ide”

Question 21

How do you name transitional elements that forms ionic bonds?

Answer 21

Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal (except Zinc, Zn, Silver, Ag, and Cadmium Cd)

Question 22

a ____ is a group of nonmetal atoms that carries an electrical charge, usually negative.

Answer 22

polyatomic ion

Question 23

the names of ionic compounds containing polyatomic anions often end with….

Answer 23

ate or ite

Question 24

____ are compounds composed of nonmetals bonded together

Answer 24

molecular compounds

Question 25

naming molecular compounds

Answer 25

(Prefix #) first nonmetal + (Prefix #) first syllable of second nonmetal + “ide”

Question 26

prefixes determine

Answer 26

subscripts for formula of molecular compound