Ch. 4

Question 1

The periodic table organizes 118 elements into groups with similar properties and places them in order of increasing ____ ____.

Answer 1

atomic mass

Question 2

Group 1A

Answer 2

Alkali metals

Question 3

Group 2A

Answer 3

Alkali Earth metals

Question 4

Group 3 - 12

Answer 4

Transition elements

Question 5

Group 8A

Answer 5

noble gases

Question 6

Group 7A

Answer 6

Halogens

Question 7

B diagonal down to At; down to TS and up diagonal to Ge

Answer 7

Metalloids

Question 8

Letter A is for

Answer 8

representative elements

Question 9

Letter B is for

Answer 9

transition elements

Question 10

• shiny and ductile (conduct heat and electricity)

- are solids (except Hg mercury)

Answer 10

metals

Question 11

• dull, brittle, and poor conductors, but good insulators

- low densities and melting points

Answer 11

non metals

Question 12

• have properties of metals and nonmetals
• are better conductors than nonmetals
• are used as semiconductors and insulators, because they can be modified

Answer 12

metalloids

Question 13

Densities and melting points are higher for

Answer 13

metals

Question 14

four major elements of the human body that make up 96% of our mass

Answer 14

C, N, O, H

Question 15

most of our hydrogen and oxygen is found as

Answer 15

water; which makes up 55-60% of our mass

Question 16

Ca, P, K, Cl, S, Na, and Mg

Answer 16

Macrominerals

Question 17

the Macrominerals

Answer 17

Ca, P, K, Cl, S, Na, and Mg

Question 18

• the formation of bones and teeth.
• maintenance of heart and blood vessels, muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and acid–base balance of body fluids.
• regulation of cellular metabolism.

Answer 18

Macrominerals

Question 19

of all the elements, ___ are essential for the well-being and survival of the human body

Answer 19

20

Question 20

all atoms of an element have the same number of protons and the same _____ _____

Answer 20

atomic number

Question 21

For neutral atoms, the net charge is zero…. so, __ = ___

Answer 21

number of protons = number of electrons

Question 22

• represents the number of particles in the nucleus.
• is equal to the number of protons + the number of
neutrons.
• is always a whole number.
• the mass of a single atom does not appear in the periodic table.

Answer 22

The mass number

Question 23

only element without a neutron?

Answer 23

hydrogen (atomic # and mass # = 1)

Question 24

Number of protons =

Answer 24

atomic number

Question 25

Number of protons + neutrons =

Answer 25

mass number

Question 26

The energy of an electron is quantized—

Answer 26

electrons can have only specific energy values.

Question 27

• Electrons with the same energy are grouped in the | same energy level.

Answer 27

``` • Energy levels are assigned values called principal quantum numbers (n), (n = 1, n = 2, …). ```

Question 28

The order of sublevels in an energy level is

Answer 28

s - p - d - f

Question 29

The number of sublevels in an energy level is equal to | the _________ of that energy level.

Answer 29

principal quantum number n

Question 30

n=1

Answer 30

s sublevel only

Question 31

n=2

Answer 31

s + p

Question 32

n=3

Answer 32

s+p+d

Question 33

pauli exlusion principle states that

Answer 33

• each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons. • electrons in the same orbital repel each other. • electrons in the same orbital must have their magnetic spins cancel (they must spin in opposite directions).

Question 34

• Each s sublevel has one orbital and can hold a maximum of

Answer 34

two electrons.

Question 35

• Each p sublevel has three orbitals and can hold a | maximum of

Answer 35

six electrons.

Question 36

• Each d sublevel has five orbitals and can hold a | maximum of

Answer 36

10 electrons.

Question 37

• Each f sublevel has 7 orbitals and can hold a maximum | of

Answer 37

14 electrons.

Question 38

Atomic size increases?

Answer 38

Down and Left

Question 39

_____ are the electrons in the outermost | energy level.

Answer 39

Valence electrons

Question 40

electrons in the D or f sub level are not....

Answer 40

valence electrons

Question 41

atomic size is determined by ____ ___, the distance between the nucleus and the ______

Answer 41

atomic radius; outermost electrons.

Question 42

why does atomic size decrease down the period?

Answer 42

increased number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 43

_____ is the energy required to remove one of the outermost electrons.

Answer 43

Ionization energy

Question 44

As the distance from the nucleus to the valence | electrons increases, the ionization energy _____

Answer 44

decreases

Question 45

the ionization energy is ____ for metals and ___ for the nonmetals

Answer 45

low; high

Question 46

ionization energy increases

Answer 46

up and right

Question 47

An element with ____ _____ is one that loses valence electrons easily.

Answer 47

metallic character

Question 48

An element with ____ _____ is one that loses valence electrons easily.

Answer 48

metallic character

Question 49

metallic character ____ down a group

Answer 49

increases (electrons are farther from the group)

Question 50

Metallic character increases

Answer 50

down and left

Question 51

n=4

Answer 51

s+p+d+f

Question 52

an element with little or no luster that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 52

nonmetal

Question 53

an element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 53

metal

Question 54

group number 3 - 12

Answer 54

transition element

Question 55

an arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number

Answer 55

periodic table

Question 56

a one or two letter abbreviation that represents the name of an element

Answer 56

chemical signal

Question 57

the number of protons in a given element

Answer 57

atomic number

Question 58

the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

Answer 58

neutral atom

Question 59

the total number of protons and neutrons

Answer 59

mass number

Question 60

indicates the energy levels

Answer 60

principal quantum numbers (n)

Question 61

contain electrons of similar energies, and increase in order of energy (n = 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 6 < 7 )

Answer 61

principal quantum numbers

Question 62

region around the nucleus in which an electron with a specific energy is most likely to be found. Hint: Each ____ holds a maximum of two electrons

Answer 62

orbital

Question 63

a _ orbital is spherical

Answer 63

s

Question 64

a _ orbital has two lobes along the axis

Answer 64

p

Question 65

complex shapes for orbitals

Answer 65

d and f

Question 66

the group number of a representative element gives

Answer 66

the number of valence electrons in the atoms of that group

Question 67

a list of the number of electrons in each sublevel within an atom, arranged by increasing energy

Answer 67

electron configuration

Question 68

contains electrons of identical energy

Answer 68

sublevel

Question 69

the measure of how easily an element loses a valence electron

Answer 69

ionization energy

Question 70

the electrons in the highest energy level of an atom

Answer 70

valence electrons

Question 71

a region around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found

Answer 71

orbital

Question 72

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Answer 72

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are the same and different from atoms of other elements 3. Atoms of two or more different elements combine to form compounds. A particular compound is always made up of the same kinds of atoms and the same number of each kind of atom. 4. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement, separation, or combination of atoms. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Question 73

smallest particle that retains the characteristics of an element

Answer 73

atom

Question 74

masses of about 1 amu, are found in the nucleus

Answer 74

protons and neutrons

Question 75

masses of electrons compared to protons and neutrons

Answer 75

electron masses are much smaller

Question 76

Is most of the mass inside or outside the nucleus?

Answer 76

Inside