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Biochemistry Exam 4 > Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The periodic table organizes 118 elements into groups with similar properties and places them in order of increasing ____ ____.

A

atomic mass

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2
Q

Group 1A

A

Alkali metals

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3
Q

Group 2A

A

Alkali Earth metals

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4
Q

Group 3 - 12

A

Transition elements

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5
Q

Group 8A

A

noble gases

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6
Q

Group 7A

A

Halogens

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7
Q

B diagonal down to At; down to TS and up diagonal to Ge

A

Metalloids

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8
Q

Letter A is for

A

representative elements

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9
Q

Letter B is for

A

transition elements

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10
Q
  • shiny and ductile (conduct heat and electricity)

- are solids (except Hg mercury)

A

metals

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11
Q
  • dull, brittle, and poor conductors, but good insulators

- low densities and melting points

A

non metals

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12
Q
  • have properties of metals and nonmetals
  • are better conductors than nonmetals
  • are used as semiconductors and insulators, because they can be modified
A

metalloids

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13
Q

Densities and melting points are higher for

A

metals

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14
Q

four major elements of the human body that make up 96% of our mass

A

C, N, O, H

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15
Q

most of our hydrogen and oxygen is found as

A

water; which makes up 55-60% of our mass

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16
Q

Ca, P, K, Cl, S, Na, and Mg

A

Macrominerals

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17
Q

the Macrominerals

A

Ca, P, K, Cl, S, Na, and Mg

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18
Q
  • the formation of bones and teeth.
  • maintenance of heart and blood vessels, muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and acid–base balance of body fluids.
  • regulation of cellular metabolism.
A

Macrominerals

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19
Q

of all the elements, ___ are essential for the well-being and survival of the human body

A

20

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20
Q

all atoms of an element have the same number of protons and the same _____ _____

A

atomic number

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21
Q

For neutral atoms, the net charge is zero…. so, __ = ___

A

number of protons = number of electrons

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22
Q

• represents the number of particles in the nucleus.
• is equal to the number of protons + the number of
neutrons.
• is always a whole number.
• the mass of a single atom does not appear in the periodic table.

A

The mass number

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23
Q

only element without a neutron?

A

hydrogen (atomic # and mass # = 1)

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24
Q

Number of protons =

A

atomic number

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25
Q

Number of protons + neutrons =

A

mass number

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26
Q

The energy of an electron is quantized—

A

electrons can have only specific energy values.

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27
Q

• Electrons with the same energy are grouped in the

same energy level.

A 
• Energy levels are assigned values called principal
quantum numbers (n), (n = 1, n = 2,  …).
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28
Q

The order of sublevels in an energy level is

A

s - p - d - f

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29
Q

The number of sublevels in an energy level is equal to

the _________ of that energy level.

A

principal quantum number n

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30
Q

n=1

A

s sublevel only

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31
Q

n=2

A

s + p

32
Q

n=3

A

s+p+d

33
Q

pauli exlusion principle states that

A

• each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.
• electrons in the same orbital repel each other.
• electrons in the same orbital must have their magnetic
spins cancel (they must spin in opposite directions).

34
Q

• Each s sublevel has one orbital and can hold a maximum of

A

two electrons.

35
Q

• Each p sublevel has three orbitals and can hold a

maximum of

A

six electrons.

36
Q

• Each d sublevel has five orbitals and can hold a

maximum of

A

10 electrons.

37
Q

• Each f sublevel has 7 orbitals and can hold a maximum

of

A

14 electrons.

38
Q

Atomic size increases?

A

Down and Left

39
Q

_____ are the electrons in the outermost

energy level.

A

Valence electrons

40
Q

electrons in the D or f sub level are not….

A

valence electrons

41
Q

atomic size is determined by ____ ___, the distance between the nucleus and the ______

A

atomic radius; outermost electrons.

42
Q

why does atomic size decrease down the period?

A

increased number of protons in the nucleus.

43
Q

_____ is the energy required to remove one of the outermost electrons.

A

Ionization energy

44
Q

As the distance from the nucleus to the valence

electrons increases, the ionization energy _____

A

decreases

45
Q

the ionization energy is ____ for metals and ___ for the nonmetals

A

low; high

46
Q

ionization energy increases

A

up and right

47
Q

An element with ____ _____ is one that loses valence electrons easily.

A

metallic character

48
Q

An element with ____ _____ is one that loses valence electrons easily.

A

metallic character

49
Q

metallic character ____ down a group

A

increases (electrons are farther from the group)

50
Q

Metallic character increases

A

down and left

51
Q

n=4

A

s+p+d+f

52
Q

an element with little or no luster that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

A

nonmetal

53
Q

an element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity

A

metal

54
Q

group number 3 - 12

A

transition element

55
Q

an arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number

A

periodic table

56
Q

a one or two letter abbreviation that represents the name of an element

A

chemical signal

57
Q

the number of protons in a given element

A

atomic number

58
Q

the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

A

neutral atom

59
Q

the total number of protons and neutrons

A

mass number

60
Q

indicates the energy levels

A

principal quantum numbers (n)

61
Q

contain electrons of similar energies, and increase in order of energy (n = 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 < 6 < 7 )

A

principal quantum numbers

62
Q

region around the nucleus in which an electron with a specific energy is most likely to be found. Hint: Each ____ holds a maximum of two electrons

A

orbital

63
Q

a _ orbital is spherical

A

s

64
Q

a _ orbital has two lobes along the axis

A

p

65
Q

complex shapes for orbitals

A

d and f

66
Q

the group number of a representative element gives

A

the number of valence electrons in the atoms of that group

67
Q

a list of the number of electrons in each sublevel within an atom, arranged by increasing energy

A

electron configuration

68
Q

contains electrons of identical energy

A

sublevel

69
Q

the measure of how easily an element loses a valence electron

A

ionization energy

70
Q

the electrons in the highest energy level of an atom

A

valence electrons

71
Q

a region around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found

A

orbital

72
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms
  2. All atoms of a given element are the same and different from atoms of other elements
  3. Atoms of two or more different elements combine to form compounds. A particular compound is always made up of the same kinds of atoms and the same number of each kind of atom.
  4. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement, separation, or combination of atoms. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
73
Q

smallest particle that retains the characteristics of an element

A

atom

74
Q

masses of about 1 amu, are found in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

75
Q

masses of electrons compared to protons and neutrons

A

electron masses are much smaller

76
Q

Is most of the mass inside or outside the nucleus?

A

Inside

Biochemistry Exam 4 (19 decks)

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