Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What does biodiversity measure
A
Measure species in genre phyla or in genetic diversity
2
Q
What is a phylum
A
Cnidaria for example
3
Q
Kingdom
A
Bacteria
4
Q
Arthropoda
A
Bugs that possess exoskeleton and jointed limbs
5
Q
Echinoderm
A
External skeleton under skin like sea stars
6
Q
Genetic drift
A
The idea that evolution will make forward and backward progress until it reaches optimal standArds drunk guy example
7
Q
Domain
A
Eubacteria archae
8
Q
Chordate
A
Has a nervous system that runs part way up the back birds and dinosaurs
9
Q
Platyhelminthes
A
Flat worms solid bodies filled with connective tissues tapeworms
10
Q
Nematoda
A
Very diverse tube within a tube most diseases
11
Q
Nematomorpha
A
Zombie parasite
12
Q
Annelids
A
Earth worms
13
Q
Deuterostomia
A
Us develop anus first then mouth
14
Q
Porifera
A
Sponges
15
Q
Cnidarian
A
Are true tissues jellies make up this group
16
Q
Lophotrocozoa
A
Characterized by their similiar fetuses
17
Q
Niche
A
environmental conditions under which indicidual species can persist or What and organism feeds on and what feeds on them
18
Q
What is the most common measure of biodiversity
A
Variety life forms of different species in an area and variety of genetic types
19
Q
competetive exclusion principle
A
no two species can occupy the same niche
20
Q
what factors affect biodiversity
A
physical diversity of environment the amount of disturbance environmental variation depth of food web presemce of exotic animal
21
Q
fundamental niche
A
all the conditions a species can persis in the absence of competition
22
Q
realized niche
A
conditions a species can persis with competition in the real world
23
Q
what is the gene pool
A
gene pool allows for adaptation of an animal those that are better adapted have a higher chance to have offspring
24
Q
define evolution
A
evolution is modification to gene pool
25
sexual selection
Species will pick out the traits they find most desireable in order to pass it to their offspring
26
eubacteria
Lack nucleus dna is in cytoplasm contain true bacteria mitchodria chloroplast
27
Archae
Organism with no nucleus live in environments that are similiar to early earth
28
eukaryota
are 20+kingdoms of them only one with nucleus
29
what is the simplest and assymetrical animal phylum
porifera
30
what are a radially symmetrical phylum
the Cnidaria
31
What are the three major Billateral Branches
Lophotrocozoa ecydysozoa and deuterostomia
32
lophotrocozoa
animals that share a trocophore larvae squida and slugs earthworms
33
Ecdysozoa
Shed external cuticles as they grow like bugs END OF CHAPTER4
34
what is abiotic energy flow
transfer of energy like heat
35
biomass
drymass of a population or community
36
biotic energy
transfer of energy through consumtion factoring loss by heat and waste
37
why are ecosystems limited in biomass
because biomass can only be sustained by the likes of the lowest member on the food chain
38
how does a plant use photosynthesis to make carbohydrates
C6H12O6 glucose
39
how do it use those carbohydrates
to form ATP
40
what do we do with organic matter taken from plants
use their energy to crea long term structures and ATP
41
Gross production
Long term structures
42
what are the three common measures of energy efficiencyr
biomass energy stored carbon stored
43
carbon storage
How much carbon does a plant sequester from the atmosphere per unit of time
44
energy stored
how many calories are released if we burn source
45
why is biomass important to understand panic grass
because it can be used as a new biofuel
46
what is ATP
is used for cellular respiration ADP metabolism cell division enzymatic reactions catabolic and anabolic reactions
47
gross product
total amount of organic matter stored
48
net product
gross product - cellular respiration
49
newtons to laws
energy can not be created nore destroyed and from order to chaos
50
catabolic
break big molecules to small
51
anabolic
build big from small
52
energy of activation
energy needed for reaction
53
what is an enzyme
lock and key that facilitates these reactions
54
what is energy efficiency
biomass gains from foods
55
why is energy lost
because of waste and heat
56
how much energy gets passed from levels
1%-20%
57
which communities have highest biomas
swamps and marshes due to headwaters
58
eating lower on food chain
is bad only if animals we eat compete with us for those foods like cows and corn
59
how can meat increase the calorie per person
Have to stop making them compete with us for food sources
60
how are fossil fuel and solar energy related
Both create heat
61
how do we reduce fossil fuel
gov needs to + cost of oil and subsidize cost of alternative fuel source
62
Potential energy
unused energy that has the ability to do work
63
Kinetic energy
thermal energy or heat
64
First law energy efficiency
energy need to complete a process 50% wasted
65
second law of efficiency
how well matched energy use is with quality of the energy source 10-15% waste
66
congregation clustering
grabbing waste heat and reusing it
67
conservation
using less energy
68
efficiency
getting more out of energy and minimizing waste
69
hard approach
coal oil and nuclear energy
70
soft approach
hydroelectric tidal solar and wind energy
71
3 R's
reduce consumption reuse materials and recycle garbage+
72
bio mimicry
looks at biological designs like asiatic hornets
73
asiatic hornets
cell pigments allows for harnessing solar energy
| eND OF CHAPTER8
74
Extended phenotype
Propensity for developing culture
75
Ecological determinism
Our ecology shapes our culture
76
terrestrial biome
a large area on the planet that is categorized by its vegetation
77
limit of tolerance
range of temperature and moisture change that a creature can survive
78
how does it impact distribution
species will live within their limit of tolerance
79
what is stratification
distribution of creatures both horizontally and vertically
80
principle terrestrial biomes
desert,savannah,chapparal/scrubland,temperate grassland, temperate broadleaf, the taiga/coniferous/boreal,tundra
81
savannah
semiarid to semihumid grass and small shrub human origin
82
chapparal
is a dry cooler and cold in winter
83
temperate grassland
transition into marshes
84
temperate broadleaf
three layer canopy forest
85
The taiga/coniferous/boreal
largest biome
86
Tundra
Alpine Arctic and antarctic characterized by permafrost
87
why are there many muskeg on the tundra
it is a bog the underlying permafrost
88
Pingo
small mounds of ice covered with dirt and vegetation
89
arctic animals
hair horns are closer to body fur on feet
90
fireweed
grew when people made roads
91
FAP
fixed actions pattern like when duck bring in animals that are not their brood
92
inclusive fitness
the percentage of your genes that are left behind through you or your kin
93
dilusion
predators may grab orphans instead of your offspring
94
lavitical adoptions
adopting a siblings child
95
kin selection
favoring your own kin over others
96
lekking
when males compete for females
97
adaptationist approach
process by which animal become fitted to their environment
98
Maring tribe in new guinea
loves pigs burns villages
99
swidden agriculture
when a crop is burned makes soil rich
100
Kaiko ritual
tree is planted after war after it get so high war start again
101
what is the pig cycle and its effect
eat all pet pigs gave energy appeased ancestors birthrates increased
102
seperation of pigs
caused parasite born illinesses
103
totemism
people tend not to eat totem animals like frog pird pig
104
middle east pig relation
hate them, cant survive well in climate,whiles cows can
105
salem witch hunt
due to crop failures hunger and disease was punishment/curse
106
why did ttobacco increase slave
harsh on land moved often needed more labor
107
positive feedback
an increase in an outcome like death
108
who are pele and heheyaka
pele is fire goddess heheyaka is life/primarysuccesion goddess
109
what other species has slaves
hyenas and wasp
110
why yanommami violence
generally over women and migration of game meat
111
cultural determinism
is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels
112
environmental determinism
is the belief that the physical environment predisposes human social development towards particular trajectories
113
Austrailian experiment
bicultural, using Australian norms at work and Irish or Italian norms at home
114
why is africa so poor and fimine stricken
deserts are expanding outward
115
why was peanut farming so bad
Nitrogen fertilizer
