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Accounting > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic issues of environmental science today

A

Overpopulation

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2
Q

What is green washing

A

A fake pro environmental stance

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3
Q

What is ethnocentrism

A

Judging cultures based upon standards of ones own culture

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4
Q

Anthropocentrisn

A

Belief that human needs are above all else

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5
Q

What are the parts of the scientific method

A

Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, adjust hypothesis, and independent verification

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6
Q

What is Spinoza dictum

A

The physical world explains the physical and cannot be explained by supernatural ideas

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7
Q

What is Occam’s razor

A

The law of parsimony

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8
Q

What is the law of parsimony

A

Do not call upon multiple or complex causes unless nescesarey or the simplest explanation tends to be the right one

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9
Q

Functional monism

A

Physical causes explain physical events

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10
Q

Dualism

A

Science and extraordinary circumstances can be explained

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11
Q

Principles of science

A 
Scientific method 
Rules of parsimony
Knowable universe
Physical causes explain physical event
Induction 
Knowledge >ignorance
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12
Q

Control

A

A subject will all conditions held constant

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13
Q

Dependent variable

A

Is the values that result from the independent variable

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14
Q

Independent variable

A

Values that can be changed in a given model

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15
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Non living components that affect an animal

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16
Q

Roger bacon

A

Outlined scientific method also believed things need to be sensed to be true argued new knowledge can be discovered

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17
Q

William of Ockham

A

Proposed self evidence of science was very religious was a priest

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18
Q

Spinoza

A

Believed in free will rejected dualism believed god created and knowable universe and didn’t control man

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19
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Biologist wrote silent spring explained how DDT killed wildlife sparked 70s social movement and environmental reform

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20
Q

Nixon and carter

A

Imposed pollution standards

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21
Q

Reagan administration

A

Repealed environmental safety public believed we did too much too soon

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22
Q

Organismal ecology

A

Studies how organisms meet challenges met by the environment

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23
Q

Population ecology

A

focus on what prohibits or encourages growth of population

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24
Q

Community ecology

A

Focuses on all the interactions of the different species

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25
Ecosystem ecology
looks at the impact abiotic and biotic factors in a community
26
Primary succession
Occurs on land that has never been inhabited
27
Secondary succession
Occurs when a community replaces an old one
28
Climax community
A community that has been around a very long time
29
How does complexity effect environmental stability
The more complex the more stable
30
Distribution of species
In groups or alone
31
What are dispersal patters
Movement by wind water air biotic to a mating grounds Eg tapeworm
32
Species transplant
Exotic species moving a species to a habitat they are unfamiliar
33
What is competition
A biotic factor competing for similiar resources
34
Mutualism
Two organisms work together and benefit
35
Parasitism
When only one organisms benefits from an encounter
36
Abiotic factors
Loss of land water sunlight wind rocks and soil
37
Principle influence on global climate factors
Input of solar energy Planets movement in space Irregular pattern of heat retention by land and water
38
What is a microclimate
Small area like cliff side or tree
39
Four most common elements in living things
HONC hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon
40
Nitrogen cycle
Plants absorb through air and soil food web happens returned as feces and dead bodies
41
Carbon cycle
plants pull in carbon and we breathe it out excess of carbon in environment
42
Open system
Energy and mass can be gained from environment
43
Closed system
Only energy can be gained from environment and not mass
44
Tropic pyramid
Shows transfer of energy
45
How much energy is lost at each tropic level
About 90%
46
What is a food chain
A small part of a food web
47
What is a food web
Path energy takes through the ecosystem
48
What energy sustains life on earth
Carbohydrates
49
What is a producer
Produces it's own food
50
Primary consumer
Normally herbivores or producer consumers
51
What is a secondary consumer
Consumes primary consumer normally meat eaters and omnivores
52
What determines overpopulation
If a species is putting to much pressure on a limited resource
53
What is ecology
Explains how living systems interact
54
Principle influence on global climate patterns
Input solar energy Planets movement in space The irregular patterns of heat retention by land and water
55
What is a microclimate
An area of climate like a tree or cliff side
56
What are the four most common elements in living
HONK hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon
57
How does carbon and nitrogen cycle through the environment
Nitrogen: plants absorb in air and is returned as feces and bodies Carbon: plants pull in carbon and animals breath out carbon
58
How does energy move through an ecosystem
Starts from plants and algae and consuming through the food web
59
Open system
Energy can be lost or gained from the environment
60
Closed system
Energy cannot be gained or lost from the environment
61
What is a tropic pyramid
Shows the transfer of energy
62
Doubling time
The time it takes for a species birth rates to double
63
Stationary phase
Little or no growth and stable population
64
Exponential phase
Is very high growth
65
Lag phase
Organisms leave limiting conditions
66
Inflection point
Point which growth/death rates start to slow
67
Limiting factor
where on or more resources cease to be abundant
68
What is the irony with increasing living standards
Increasing living standards raised the average consumption
69
Greatest factor of double time
Number of females
70
Sustainability
The ability to supply a resource in deffinetly
71
Parts of a growth curve
Expo growth log growth stationary log death expo death
72
Why can't we depend on technology
Becuase we are encroaching on our carrying capacity
73
Overpopulation=
PxR/I
74
Pop size
Initial pop + B-D+I-E
75
Carrying capacity
Maximum population that can be sustained without losing the population
76
Induction
Rules governing nature in the future will be similiar to the rules governing nature today
77
Empiricism
All answers are derived from self experience
78
Behavioral multiplication
What is done by an individual will be done by all
79
Correlation
Things that happen together no cause and effect
80
Causation
If a happens b happens
81
Landscape ecology
Deals with how ecosystems are arranged in a geographic region
82
Biogeography
Looks at features of the earth
83
Biotic distribution factors
Interactions with other species Predation Competition
84
Commensalism
One benefits the other gains nothing

Accounting (19 decks)

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