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Bio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic issues of environmental science today

A

Overpopulation

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2
Q

What is green washing

A

A fake pro environmental stance

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3
Q

What is ethnocentrism

A

Judging cultures based upon standards of ones own culture

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4
Q

Anthropocentrisn

A

Belief that human needs are above all else

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5
Q

What are the parts of the scientific method

A

Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, adjust hypothesis, and independent verification

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6
Q

What is Spinoza dictum

A

The physical world explains the physical and cannot be explained by supernatural ideas

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7
Q

What is Occam’s razor

A

The law of parsimony

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8
Q

What is the law of parsimony

A

Do not call upon multiple or complex causes unless nescesarey or the simplest explanation tends to be the right one

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9
Q

Functional monism

A

Physical causes explain physical events

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10
Q

Dualism

A

Science and extraordinary circumstances can be explained

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11
Q

Principles of science

A 
Scientific method 
Rules of parsimony
Knowable universe
Physical causes explain physical event
Induction 
Knowledge >ignorance
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12
Q

Control

A

A subject will all conditions held constant

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13
Q

Dependent variable

A

Is the values that result from the independent variable

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14
Q

Independent variable

A

Values that can be changed in a given model

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15
Q

Abiotic factor

A

Non living components that affect an animal

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16
Q

Roger bacon

A

Outlined scientific method also believed things need to be sensed to be true argued new knowledge can be discovered

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17
Q

William of Ockham

A

Proposed self evidence of science was very religious was a priest

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18
Q

Spinoza

A

Believed in free will rejected dualism believed god created and knowable universe and didn’t control man

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19
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Biologist wrote silent spring explained how DDT killed wildlife sparked 70s social movement and environmental reform

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20
Q

Nixon and carter

A

Imposed pollution standards

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21
Q

Reagan administration

A

Repealed environmental safety public believed we did too much too soon

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22
Q

Organismal ecology

A

Studies how organisms meet challenges met by the environment

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23
Q

Population ecology

A

focus on what prohibits or encourages growth of population

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24
Q

Community ecology

A

Focuses on all the interactions of the different species

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25
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

looks at the impact abiotic and biotic factors in a community

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26
Q

Primary succession

A

Occurs on land that has never been inhabited

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27
Q

Secondary succession

A

Occurs when a community replaces an old one

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28
Q

Climax community

A

A community that has been around a very long time

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29
Q

How does complexity effect environmental stability

A

The more complex the more stable

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30
Q

Distribution of species

A

In groups or alone

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31
Q

What are dispersal patters

A

Movement by wind water air biotic to a mating grounds Eg tapeworm

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32
Q

Species transplant

A

Exotic species moving a species to a habitat they are unfamiliar

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33
Q

What is competition

A

A biotic factor competing for similiar resources

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34
Q

Mutualism

A

Two organisms work together and benefit

35
Q

Parasitism

A

When only one organisms benefits from an encounter

36
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Loss of land water sunlight wind rocks and soil

37
Q

Principle influence on global climate factors

A

Input of solar energy
Planets movement in space
Irregular pattern of heat retention by land and water

38
Q

What is a microclimate

A

Small area like cliff side or tree

39
Q

Four most common elements in living things

A

HONC hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon

40
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Plants absorb through air and soil food web happens returned as feces and dead bodies

41
Q

Carbon cycle

A

plants pull in carbon and we breathe it out excess of carbon in environment

42
Q

Open system

A

Energy and mass can be gained from environment

43
Q

Closed system

A

Only energy can be gained from environment and not mass

44
Q

Tropic pyramid

A

Shows transfer of energy

45
Q

How much energy is lost at each tropic level

A

About 90%

46
Q

What is a food chain

A

A small part of a food web

47
Q

What is a food web

A

Path energy takes through the ecosystem

48
Q

What energy sustains life on earth

A

Carbohydrates

49
Q

What is a producer

A

Produces it’s own food

50
Q

Primary consumer

A

Normally herbivores or producer consumers

51
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

Consumes primary consumer normally meat eaters and omnivores

52
Q

What determines overpopulation

A

If a species is putting to much pressure on a limited resource

53
Q

What is ecology

A

Explains how living systems interact

54
Q

Principle influence on global climate patterns

A

Input solar energy
Planets movement in space
The irregular patterns of heat retention by land and water

55
Q

What is a microclimate

A

An area of climate like a tree or cliff side

56
Q

What are the four most common elements in living

A

HONK hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon

57
Q

How does carbon and nitrogen cycle through the environment

A

Nitrogen: plants absorb in air and is returned as feces and bodies

Carbon: plants pull in carbon and animals breath out carbon

58
Q

How does energy move through an ecosystem

A

Starts from plants and algae and consuming through the food web

59
Q

Open system

A

Energy can be lost or gained from the environment

60
Q

Closed system

A

Energy cannot be gained or lost from the environment

61
Q

What is a tropic pyramid

A

Shows the transfer of energy

62
Q

Doubling time

A

The time it takes for a species birth rates to double

63
Q

Stationary phase

A

Little or no growth and stable population

64
Q

Exponential phase

A

Is very high growth

65
Q

Lag phase

A

Organisms leave limiting conditions

66
Q

Inflection point

A

Point which growth/death rates start to slow

67
Q

Limiting factor

A

where on or more resources cease to be abundant

68
Q

What is the irony with increasing living standards

A

Increasing living standards raised the average consumption

69
Q

Greatest factor of double time

A

Number of females

70
Q

Sustainability

A

The ability to supply a resource in deffinetly

71
Q

Parts of a growth curve

A

Expo growth log growth stationary log death expo death

72
Q

Why can’t we depend on technology

A

Becuase we are encroaching on our carrying capacity

73
Q

Overpopulation=

A

PxR/I

74
Q

Pop size

A

Initial pop + B-D+I-E

75
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Maximum population that can be sustained without losing the population

76
Q

Induction

A

Rules governing nature in the future will be similiar to the rules governing nature today

77
Q

Empiricism

A

All answers are derived from self experience

78
Q

Behavioral multiplication

A

What is done by an individual will be done by all

79
Q

Correlation

A

Things that happen together no cause and effect

80
Q

Causation

A

If a happens b happens

81
Q

Landscape ecology

A

Deals with how ecosystems are arranged in a geographic region

82
Q

Biogeography

A

Looks at features of the earth

83
Q

Biotic distribution factors

A

Interactions with other species
Predation
Competition

84
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits the other gains nothing

Accounting (19 decks)

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