Exam 2 Flashcards
How long do cercaria live?
22-26 hours
The malaria asexual phase that occur in humans is
schizogony/ merogony
What malaria asexual phase occurs in mosquitoes
sporogony
What type of reproduction is gametogony
meiosis/ sexual
___ schistosomes have a gynocophoric groove
male
once the cercaria of Schistosoma enter a definitive host they become
schistosomulum
If I were to diet with a tapeworm, what scolex should I avoid?
acetabulate
This genus of mosquito vectors plasmodium
anopheles
Cestodes can only absorb what carbohydrate
glucose
The region within a cestode where new proglottids are form is called the
germative region
Defining illness for people with AIDs?
Toxoplasma
What stimuli causes Schistosoma species to hatch
osmotic changes, light. temperature changes
This Plasmodium species stage can remain dormant, it was not discovered until the late 1940s
hypnozoite
In this type of asexual reproduction, there is no clear separate nuclear division and the 2 daughter develop internally within the parent
endodyogony
I recently had the opportunity to study the Tsetse fly in Zimbabwe. When I returned to campus, I was constipated and had persistent dark urine and abdominal pain, which schistosoma species did I probably contract
Schistosoma haematobium
When the cercaria of Schistosoma enters the skin it becomes a
Schistosomulum
The outside covering of the organisms chlonorchis is called
tegument
Which of these parasites are monoecious and which are dioecious Nematoparataeniidae Didymozodae Pseudophyllidean Schistosome
Nematoparataeniidae-mono
Didymozodae-dio
Pseudophyllidean-mono
Schistosome-dio
Associate the options with the parasites Babesia, Plasmodium and Neospora caninum
Ookinetes
DDT
zoitocyst
ixodes scapularis
Ookinetes-Plasmodium
DDT-Plasmodium
zoitocyst-Neospora
ixodes scapularis-Babesia
Associate the following with the stages: egg, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria ciliated germ balls tail quiescent operculum migrate to digestive gland
egg-operculum miracidium-ciliated sporocyst-germ balls redia-migrates to digestive gland cercaria-tail metacercaria-quiescent
Compare the digestive tract of cestodes with digeneans
Digeneans have cecum, renal gut, some nutrients acquired through feeding
cestodes no not have a gut use digestive enzymes of the host and tegument to absorb nutrients
What are the 3 types of scolexes found in cestodes
acetabulate-suckers
bothriate- groove for sucking
bothridiate- 4 leafed outgrowth
What are the symptoms of babesiosis
hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, fever
Draw and describe a protonephridium
also called flame cells, used for osmoregulation, like a human nephron in the kidney. drawing Q 35
Draw and label the lifecycle of Cryptosporidium parvum
Q 36
List and describe the 3 types of metacercaria
- only infective after being taken up by host
- need days to develop and become infective in their environment
- need weeks to become quiescent/dormant in their hosts
The first important step in the control of Malaria was the discovery of the peruvian fever tree known as ___ tree. The chemical isolated from the bark was ___
chinchona, quinine
What causes and how does the pathology of Schistosoma infection occur
can penetrate the human skin, travels into circulating blood and eggs can reach the liver, can cause liver failure and granulomas, swimmer’s itch,
What is and what causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome
a side effect of Bactrim treatment, ingredient sulfamethoxazole causes eruptions around the mouth and anus, can cause bone marrow disease and disintegrate the skin
Describe the osmolarity of human guts and a tapeworms insides if a large amount of distilled water is consumed
tapeworms- osmoconformers, would become hypertonic, causes it to bloat
human-remains isotonic because the gut lumen helps gut remain the same size
What are 4 behaviors that should be used to avoid toxoplasmosis
no changing the litter box while pregnant
no outdoor cats
no cats at all
no uncooked meat especially bird meat
Compare action potential in cestodes and humans
action potential in cestodes is caused by calcium ions
humans- action potential caused by sodium ions Na+
result of both is contraction of muscles
How does praziquantel kill Platyhelminthes but not mammals
opens Ca+ channels in Platyhelminthes causing contractions that lead to paralysis and death in a contracted state
does not happen to mammals because we use Na+ ion channels for muscle contraction instead of Ca+ ions
Explain the WHO effort to eliminate schitosomiasis
controlled through education, chemotherapy, mullosk control and environmental control through chlorination of water
What is the difference between tertian and quartan malaria. what species are tertian and which are quartan
rhythmic symptoms occur in Malarial infections because merozoites in RBCs cause them to rupture and release hemozoin, symptoms of fever and chills
tertian- fever. fever. chills
quartan-fever, chills, fever, chills
p. vivax, falciparum and ovale are tertian
p. malaria is quartan
