Exam 2

Question 1

How long do cercaria live?

Answer 1

22-26 hours

Question 2

The malaria asexual phase that occur in humans is

Answer 2

schizogony/ merogony

Question 3

What malaria asexual phase occurs in mosquitoes

Answer 3

sporogony

Question 4

What type of reproduction is gametogony

Answer 4

meiosis/ sexual

Question 5

___ schistosomes have a gynocophoric groove

Answer 5

male

Question 6

once the cercaria of Schistosoma enter a definitive host they become

Answer 6

schistosomulum

Question 7

If I were to diet with a tapeworm, what scolex should I avoid?

Answer 7

acetabulate

Question 8

This genus of mosquito vectors plasmodium

Answer 8

anopheles

Question 9

Cestodes can only absorb what carbohydrate

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

The region within a cestode where new proglottids are form is called the

Answer 10

germative region

Question 11

Defining illness for people with AIDs?

Answer 11

Toxoplasma

Question 12

What stimuli causes Schistosoma species to hatch

Answer 12

osmotic changes, light. temperature changes

Question 13

This Plasmodium species stage can remain dormant, it was not discovered until the late 1940s

Answer 13

hypnozoite

Question 14

In this type of asexual reproduction, there is no clear separate nuclear division and the 2 daughter develop internally within the parent

Answer 14

endodyogony

Question 15

I recently had the opportunity to study the Tsetse fly in Zimbabwe. When I returned to campus, I was constipated and had persistent dark urine and abdominal pain, which schistosoma species did I probably contract

Answer 15

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 16

When the cercaria of Schistosoma enters the skin it becomes a

Answer 16

Schistosomulum

Question 17

The outside covering of the organisms chlonorchis is called

Answer 17

tegument

Question 18

Which of these parasites are monoecious and which are dioecious
Nematoparataeniidae
Didymozodae
Pseudophyllidean
Schistosome

Answer 18

Nematoparataeniidae-mono
Didymozodae-dio
Pseudophyllidean-mono
Schistosome-dio

Question 19

Associate the options with the parasites Babesia, Plasmodium and Neospora caninum

Ookinetes
DDT
zoitocyst
ixodes scapularis

Answer 19

Ookinetes-Plasmodium
DDT-Plasmodium
zoitocyst-Neospora
ixodes scapularis-Babesia

Question 20

Associate the following with the stages: egg, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria 
ciliated
germ balls
tail
quiescent 
operculum 
migrate to digestive gland

Answer 20

egg-operculum
miracidium-ciliated
sporocyst-germ balls
redia-migrates to digestive gland
cercaria-tail
metacercaria-quiescent

Question 21

Compare the digestive tract of cestodes with digeneans

Answer 21

Digeneans have cecum, renal gut, some nutrients acquired through feeding
cestodes no not have a gut use digestive enzymes of the host and tegument to absorb nutrients

Question 22

What are the 3 types of scolexes found in cestodes

Answer 22

acetabulate-suckers
bothriate- groove for sucking
bothridiate- 4 leafed outgrowth

Question 23

What are the symptoms of babesiosis

Answer 23

hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, fever

Question 24

Draw and describe a protonephridium

Answer 24

also called flame cells, used for osmoregulation, like a human nephron in the kidney. drawing Q 35

Question 25

Draw and label the lifecycle of Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 25

Q 36

Question 26

List and describe the 3 types of metacercaria

Answer 26

1. only infective after being taken up by host
2. need days to develop and become infective in their environment
3. need weeks to become quiescent/dormant in their hosts

Question 27

The first important step in the control of Malaria was the discovery of the peruvian fever tree known as ___ tree. The chemical isolated from the bark was ___

Answer 27

chinchona, quinine

Question 28

What causes and how does the pathology of Schistosoma infection occur

Answer 28

can penetrate the human skin, travels into circulating blood and eggs can reach the liver, can cause liver failure and granulomas, swimmer’s itch,

Question 29

What is and what causes Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer 29

a side effect of Bactrim treatment, ingredient sulfamethoxazole causes eruptions around the mouth and anus, can cause bone marrow disease and disintegrate the skin

Question 30

Describe the osmolarity of human guts and a tapeworms insides if a large amount of distilled water is consumed

Answer 30

tapeworms- osmoconformers, would become hypertonic, causes it to bloat
human-remains isotonic because the gut lumen helps gut remain the same size

Question 31

What are 4 behaviors that should be used to avoid toxoplasmosis

Answer 31

no changing the litter box while pregnant
no outdoor cats
no cats at all
no uncooked meat especially bird meat

Question 32

Compare action potential in cestodes and humans

Answer 32

action potential in cestodes is caused by calcium ions
humans- action potential caused by sodium ions Na+
result of both is contraction of muscles

Question 33

How does praziquantel kill Platyhelminthes but not mammals

Answer 33

opens Ca+ channels in Platyhelminthes causing contractions that lead to paralysis and death in a contracted state
does not happen to mammals because we use Na+ ion channels for muscle contraction instead of Ca+ ions

Question 34

Explain the WHO effort to eliminate schitosomiasis

Answer 34

controlled through education, chemotherapy, mullosk control and environmental control through chlorination of water

Question 35

What is the difference between tertian and quartan malaria. what species are tertian and which are quartan

Answer 35

rhythmic symptoms occur in Malarial infections because merozoites in RBCs cause them to rupture and release hemozoin, symptoms of fever and chills
tertian- fever. fever. chills
quartan-fever, chills, fever, chills
p. vivax, falciparum and ovale are tertian
p. malaria is quartan