Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of parasite is plasmodium

A

haemosporidian, produces hemozoin from degraged hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the important characteristics of haemosporidians

A

no conoids, only have sylvatic cycles, wild animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What illness do plasmodium species cause, name them

A

malaria!

p. falciparum,
p. vivax,
p. ovale,
p. malariae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the 4 plasmodium species found and are the tertian or quartan

A

p. vivax- tertian cosmopolitan
p. ovale- tertian West Africa
p. falciparum- tertian or irregular, cosmopolitan
p. malariae- quartan, cosmopolitan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which plasmodium species is pathognomic explain

A

can be diagnosed by quartan symptoms, p. malariae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

most common, most dangerous, creates knobs on RBCs making them stick to endothelial cells, causes blockages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw the life cycle of Apicomplexa

A

slide 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the process of gametogony in Apicomplexa

A

2 trophozoites unite create 1 gamont, gamonts undergo fission and create haploid gametes Micro and Macro, sexual reproduction creates gamonts, fertilization creates zygote,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the process of sporogony in Apicomplexa

A

zygote becomes oocyst/ sporocyst, meiosis and mitosis creates sporozoites, asexual reproduction creates merozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are hypnozoites, what species have this stage

A

p. vivax and ovale, dormant stage in liver can last years, causes relapse. p malariae not often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 structural features of invasive forms of apicomplexa

A
  1. apical complex
  2. thick, 3 layered pellicle
  3. microtubule cytoskeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Briefly summarize the 4 phases of Apicomplexa life cycle

A

4 phases 1 sexual, 3 asexual
end with invasive form
invasive forms have 3 structural features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the parts of the apical complex

A

apical ring, small vesicles, rhoptries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stage of plasmodium does the mosquito inject into the blood stream

A

sporozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens after mosquito injects plasmodium into blood stream

A

sporozoites reach liver, invade cells and become trophozoites-> become schizonts-> lyse and release merozoites-> penetrate RBCs-> schizogony creates more merozoites->

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes symptoms of malaria to be predictable

A

synchronous rupture of RBCs- creates periodic chills and fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes each cycle of symptoms to get worse

A

haemozoin is released when degraded hemoglobin leaves ruptures RBCs, causing fever.

18
Q

how many microgametes does 1 male gametocyte of plasmodium produce

A

8 microgametes

19
Q

How does a zygote become an oocyst in plasmdium life cycle

A

zygote becomes ookinete-> goes through mosquito intestinal tract-> differentiates into diploid genome-> becomes oocyst

20
Q

How can malaria potentially be controlled

A

old mosquitoes can pass it and need high temps, kill mosquitoes before they get older

21
Q

How many sporozoites of plasmodium does one oocyst produce

A

up to 1000

22
Q

How is Malaria treated

A

quinine from cinchona tree bark (fever bark), tree in SA and chloroquine

23
Q

how does Malaria treatment defeat Plasmodium (quinine)

A

blood schizonticide and gametocytocidal activity in p vivax and malariae, it is a weak base, inhibits heme polymerase causing accumulation of toxic heme in parasite

24
Q

How does chloroquine combat malaria

A

alkaline- raises ph in parasite food vacuoles, inhibits heme polymerase

25
Q

What is the name of the Malaria vaccine

A

R21/ Matrix M

26
Q

How does Malaria affect pregnancy

A

birth weight goes down, benign symptoms in pregnant women, can cause miscarriage

27
Q

How does Malaria affect HIV patients

A

increases disease progression, more deadly, stimulates HIV replication. some acquire HIV from blood transfusion to treat Malaria

28
Q

Is Malaria present in the US, was it ever?

A

rural south, eradicated in WW2 with DDT pesticides,

29
Q

What are the symptoms of Babesia

A

fever, chills, sweating, myalgias, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia,

30
Q

How is Babesia treated

A

clindamycin, quinine, atovaquone, azithromycin

31
Q

How does Babesia affect the immunosuppressed

A

more severe, can be fatal if not treated. B divergens is worse than microti, also really bad for splenectomized, elderly

32
Q

How is Babesia Diagnosed

A

microscope with thick and thin smears

33
Q

What does Plasmodium need in its environment to develop

A

drop in temperature and rise in pH

34
Q

Explain ookinete differentiation in Plasmodium

A

ookinete differentiates the diploid genome divides and becomes an oocyst

35
Q

What is the longest phase in the plasmodium life cycle, why is it so variable

A

oocyst can be 8-35 days, because it relies on temp changes

36
Q

How does the oocyst go from the mosquito gut into a human’s blood.

A

oocyst bursts and releases sporozoites into the haemocoel of the mosquito, they migrate to the salivary glands and accumulate in the salivary ducts, mosquito bites human

37
Q

How are pregnant women affected by the resistance to Malaria

A

pregnancy causes resistance to decrease if the female already has it, not strong enough to cause miscarriage. If pregnant and never infected, no immunity exists, could lead to miscarriage

38
Q

What is DDT and what does it have to do with Malaria

A

pesticide that was used to try to eradicate Malaria, banned in the 70s because it was disrupting hormones and shown to be really harmful to humans and animals

39
Q

What vector carries Babesia

A

Ixodes scapularis- tick

40
Q

Explain how Babesia is transmitted

A

could be vertically- transfer to offspring, amplifying effect
could be horizontally- Babesia maintained in single generation, molts into next stage

41
Q

Where in the world can Babesia be found

A

Europe, B divergens

US- B. microti

Parasitology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions