Exam 1

Question 1

This denotes the place where the parasite reaches sexual maturity within a parasite’s lifecycle

Answer 1

definitive host

Question 2

When a parasite gets into tissue and causes persistent cell degeneration leading to death, like Trichinella spiralis, this is called

Answer 2

necrosis

Question 3

The tapeworm Hymenolepis nana was found causing lung tumors in a man from Colombia, these rapidly growing masses were not human cells but cells from the tapeworm, what is the name of this scenario?

Answer 3

neoplasia

Question 4

Amebic dysentary can result in pyogenic abscess in a visceral organ. What is this called

Answer 4

Extraintestinal amoebiasis

Question 5

Naegleria fowleri infection is often diagnosed during autopsy. because when it infects a person it can cause

Answer 5

primary amebic meningoenchepalitis PAM

Question 6

What was the first ameba identified from humans

Answer 6

entamoeba gingivlais

Question 7

What are the 2 antibiotics used to treat intestinal and tissue forms of the parasite that causes amoebic dysentery

Answer 7

Paromycin and metronidazole

Question 8

What type of transmission does Trypanosoma brucei have

Answer 8

salivarian

Question 9

What parasite causes villous blunting

Answer 9

Giardia lamblia

Question 10

Which of the follow parasites are mostly commensalistic 
Giardia lambia
Leishmania 
Trypanosoma brucei/ cruzi
Chilomastix mesnili

Answer 10

chilomastix mesnili

Question 11

What organelle causes Trichomonas vaginalis and other species to have energy in aerobic environments

Answer 11

hydrogenosome

Question 12

Which parasite can be sexually transmitted
G lamblia
Entamoeba coli
T vaginalis 
Leishmania

Answer 12

T vaginalis

Question 13

What is the paratenic host for Dientamoeba fragilis

Answer 13

pin worm

Question 14

Liver and cecal lesions are sufficient to diagnose infection of Histomonas meleagridis. When infection can be disgnosed with symptoms this is called

Answer 14

pathognomic

Question 15

This DNA containing organ is associated with the flagellar base within hemoflagellates

Answer 15

kinetoplast

Question 16

After hydration what is the best medicine for Giardiasis

Answer 16

metronidazole

Question 17

Which of the following would be diagnosed with a fecal float
G lamblia 
Leishmania
E coli
T cruzi
Chilomastix mesnili 
T vaginaliss

Answer 17

G lamblia
E coli
Chilomastix mesnili

Question 18

What cell type of the immune system is necessary for Leishmania to proliferate

Answer 18

macrophage

Question 19

What sign is commonly seen in T brucei infection

Answer 19

winterbottom’s

Question 20

What structures make up the apical complex

Answer 20

polar rings
conoid
rhoptries

Question 21

What is the only diploid stage of apicomplexa

Answer 21

oocyts

Question 22

During one merogony cycle how many new merozoites are produced

Answer 22

900

Question 23

What is the definitive host of monocystis lumbrici

Answer 23

earthworm

Question 24

T cruzi can form what at the site of infection

Answer 24

Chagoma

Question 25

Castor canadensis (american beaver) transmits what parasite

Answer 25

giardia lamblia

Question 26

Glossina morsitans transmits what parasite

Answer 26

T brucei

Question 27

The kissing bug or Triatoma infestans transmits what parasite

Answer 27

T cruzi

Question 28

Plebotomus argentipes transmits what parasite

Answer 28

Leishmania donovani

Question 29

Heterakis gallinarum transmits what parasite

Answer 29

Histomonas meleagridis

Question 30

``` What parasites have no cyst stage E histolytica E coli Iodamoeba Endolimax nana Entamoeba gingivalis ```

Answer 30

E gingivalis

Question 31

Which parasite causes amebic dystentary

Answer 31

E histolytica

Question 32

``` Which parasite has no pathology E histolytica E coli Iodamoeba Endolimax nana Entamoeba gingivalis ```

Answer 32

E coli Iodamoeba endolimax

Question 33

What is required for a symbiotic relationship to be mutualistic

Answer 33

2 different species both are benefited could be reproductive, metabolic, nutritional, developmental etc- things necessary for survival

Question 34

What is a viable hypothesis for parasite evolution

Answer 34

parasites determine their own niche they become specialized to specific parts of their hosts evolve to become more commensal need their host to stay alive

Question 35

this parasite is more pathogenic in pigs but also infects humans, it has cosmopolitan distribution but is considered a commensal

Answer 35

Iodamoeba butschlii

Question 36

What are the alternative hosts for E gingivalis which might reservoirs for infection?

Answer 36

dogs, cats, dont kiss your pets

Question 37

Describe the pathology of T vaginalis in M and F humans

Answer 37

F- discharge, painful urination, irritation of the vagina, often asymptomatic if untreated might cause infertility or pregnancy complications. possible abortions M- infects the urethra and seminal vesicles but not very serous usually asymptomatic

Question 38

While Opalina is not pathogenic to humans, their biology has unique aspects, list one of them

Answer 38

the life cycle relies on the reproductive cycle of its host, the bullfrog, it needs the bullfrog to release sex hormones in order to reach sexual maturity

Question 39

How does Giardia lamblia remain undetected by the immune system

Answer 39

it has surface variant proteins

Question 40

What mechanisms does Leishmania use to avoid being phagocytized by immune cells

Answer 40

avoids macrophages by altering the pH in them creating a phagolysosome, the digestive enzymes from the macrophage can't damage it and it can live and reproduce in it

Question 41

compare the ecology of New World and Old World Leishmaniasis

Answer 41

New World- usually transmitted by wild animals that live in tropical forests like sloths and wild dogs Old World- can be urban or suburban and is transmitted by animals that are in close contact with humans like cattle

Question 42

What stage of Apicomplexa is most similar to the cyst stage of G lamblia

Answer 42

oocyst- because it is the transmission stage and not the growth feeding reproduction stage

Question 43

What type of circulatory systems do insects, earthworms and humans have

Answer 43

insects-open, have cavities humans- closed, blood stays in vessels earthworms-closed

Question 44

Draw the 4 life stages found within hemoflagellates

Answer 44

``` Q 49 promastigote epimastigote trypomastigote amastigote ```

Question 45

Draw the apicomplexan lifecycle

Answer 45

Q 50