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Parasitology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This denotes the place where the parasite reaches sexual maturity within a parasite’s lifecycle

A

definitive host

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2
Q

When a parasite gets into tissue and causes persistent cell degeneration leading to death, like Trichinella spiralis, this is called

A

necrosis

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3
Q

The tapeworm Hymenolepis nana was found causing lung tumors in a man from Colombia, these rapidly growing masses were not human cells but cells from the tapeworm, what is the name of this scenario?

A

neoplasia

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4
Q

Amebic dysentary can result in pyogenic abscess in a visceral organ. What is this called

A

Extraintestinal amoebiasis

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5
Q

Naegleria fowleri infection is often diagnosed during autopsy. because when it infects a person it can cause

A

primary amebic meningoenchepalitis PAM

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6
Q

What was the first ameba identified from humans

A

entamoeba gingivlais

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7
Q

What are the 2 antibiotics used to treat intestinal and tissue forms of the parasite that causes amoebic dysentery

A

Paromycin and metronidazole

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8
Q

What type of transmission does Trypanosoma brucei have

A

salivarian

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9
Q

What parasite causes villous blunting

A

Giardia lamblia

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10
Q 
Which of the follow parasites are mostly commensalistic 
Giardia lambia
Leishmania 
Trypanosoma brucei/ cruzi
Chilomastix mesnili
A

chilomastix mesnili

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11
Q

What organelle causes Trichomonas vaginalis and other species to have energy in aerobic environments

A

hydrogenosome

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12
Q 
Which parasite can be sexually transmitted
G lamblia
Entamoeba coli
T vaginalis 
Leishmania
A

T vaginalis

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13
Q

What is the paratenic host for Dientamoeba fragilis

A

pin worm

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14
Q

Liver and cecal lesions are sufficient to diagnose infection of Histomonas meleagridis. When infection can be disgnosed with symptoms this is called

A

pathognomic

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15
Q

This DNA containing organ is associated with the flagellar base within hemoflagellates

A

kinetoplast

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16
Q

After hydration what is the best medicine for Giardiasis

A

metronidazole

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17
Q 
Which of the following would be diagnosed with a fecal float
G lamblia 
Leishmania
E coli
T cruzi
Chilomastix mesnili 
T vaginaliss
A

G lamblia
E coli
Chilomastix mesnili

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18
Q

What cell type of the immune system is necessary for Leishmania to proliferate

A

macrophage

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19
Q

What sign is commonly seen in T brucei infection

A

winterbottom’s

20
Q

What structures make up the apical complex

A

polar rings
conoid
rhoptries

21
Q

What is the only diploid stage of apicomplexa

A

oocyts

22
Q

During one merogony cycle how many new merozoites are produced

A

900

23
Q

What is the definitive host of monocystis lumbrici

A

earthworm

24
Q

T cruzi can form what at the site of infection

A

Chagoma

25
Q

Castor canadensis (american beaver) transmits what parasite

A

giardia lamblia

26
Q

Glossina morsitans transmits what parasite

A

T brucei

27
Q

The kissing bug or Triatoma infestans transmits what parasite

A

T cruzi

28
Q

Plebotomus argentipes transmits what parasite

A

Leishmania donovani

29
Q

Heterakis gallinarum transmits what parasite

A

Histomonas meleagridis

30
Q 
What parasites have no cyst stage
E histolytica
E coli
Iodamoeba 
Endolimax nana
Entamoeba gingivalis
A

E gingivalis

31
Q

Which parasite causes amebic dystentary

A

E histolytica

32
Q 
Which parasite has no pathology
E histolytica
E coli
Iodamoeba 
Endolimax nana
Entamoeba gingivalis
A

E coli
Iodamoeba
endolimax

33
Q

What is required for a symbiotic relationship to be mutualistic

A

2 different species
both are benefited
could be reproductive, metabolic, nutritional, developmental etc- things necessary for survival

34
Q

What is a viable hypothesis for parasite evolution

A

parasites determine their own niche
they become specialized to specific parts of their hosts
evolve to become more commensal
need their host to stay alive

35
Q

this parasite is more pathogenic in pigs but also infects humans, it has cosmopolitan distribution but is considered a commensal

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

36
Q

What are the alternative hosts for E gingivalis which might reservoirs for infection?

A

dogs, cats, dont kiss your pets

37
Q

Describe the pathology of T vaginalis in M and F humans

A

F- discharge, painful urination, irritation of the vagina, often asymptomatic if untreated might cause infertility or pregnancy complications. possible abortions
M- infects the urethra and seminal vesicles but not very serous usually asymptomatic

38
Q

While Opalina is not pathogenic to humans, their biology has unique aspects, list one of them

A

the life cycle relies on the reproductive cycle of its host, the bullfrog, it needs the bullfrog to release sex hormones in order to reach sexual maturity

39
Q

How does Giardia lamblia remain undetected by the immune system

A

it has surface variant proteins

40
Q

What mechanisms does Leishmania use to avoid being phagocytized by immune cells

A

avoids macrophages by altering the pH in them creating a phagolysosome, the digestive enzymes from the macrophage can’t damage it and it can live and reproduce in it

41
Q

compare the ecology of New World and Old World Leishmaniasis

A

New World- usually transmitted by wild animals that live in tropical forests like sloths and wild dogs
Old World- can be urban or suburban and is transmitted by animals that are in close contact with humans like cattle

42
Q

What stage of Apicomplexa is most similar to the cyst stage of G lamblia

A

oocyst- because it is the transmission stage and not the growth feeding reproduction stage

43
Q

What type of circulatory systems do insects, earthworms and humans have

A

insects-open, have cavities
humans- closed, blood stays in vessels
earthworms-closed

44
Q

Draw the 4 life stages found within hemoflagellates

A 
Q 49
promastigote
epimastigote
trypomastigote
amastigote
45
Q

Draw the apicomplexan lifecycle

A

Q 50

Parasitology (18 decks)

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