Exam 1 Flashcards
This denotes the place where the parasite reaches sexual maturity within a parasite’s lifecycle
definitive host
When a parasite gets into tissue and causes persistent cell degeneration leading to death, like Trichinella spiralis, this is called
necrosis
The tapeworm Hymenolepis nana was found causing lung tumors in a man from Colombia, these rapidly growing masses were not human cells but cells from the tapeworm, what is the name of this scenario?
neoplasia
Amebic dysentary can result in pyogenic abscess in a visceral organ. What is this called
Extraintestinal amoebiasis
Naegleria fowleri infection is often diagnosed during autopsy. because when it infects a person it can cause
primary amebic meningoenchepalitis PAM
What was the first ameba identified from humans
entamoeba gingivlais
What are the 2 antibiotics used to treat intestinal and tissue forms of the parasite that causes amoebic dysentery
Paromycin and metronidazole
What type of transmission does Trypanosoma brucei have
salivarian
What parasite causes villous blunting
Giardia lamblia
Which of the follow parasites are mostly commensalistic Giardia lambia Leishmania Trypanosoma brucei/ cruzi Chilomastix mesnili
chilomastix mesnili
What organelle causes Trichomonas vaginalis and other species to have energy in aerobic environments
hydrogenosome
Which parasite can be sexually transmitted G lamblia Entamoeba coli T vaginalis Leishmania
T vaginalis
What is the paratenic host for Dientamoeba fragilis
pin worm
Liver and cecal lesions are sufficient to diagnose infection of Histomonas meleagridis. When infection can be disgnosed with symptoms this is called
pathognomic
This DNA containing organ is associated with the flagellar base within hemoflagellates
kinetoplast
After hydration what is the best medicine for Giardiasis
metronidazole
Which of the following would be diagnosed with a fecal float G lamblia Leishmania E coli T cruzi Chilomastix mesnili T vaginaliss
G lamblia
E coli
Chilomastix mesnili
What cell type of the immune system is necessary for Leishmania to proliferate
macrophage
What sign is commonly seen in T brucei infection
winterbottom’s
What structures make up the apical complex
polar rings
conoid
rhoptries
What is the only diploid stage of apicomplexa
oocyts
During one merogony cycle how many new merozoites are produced
900
What is the definitive host of monocystis lumbrici
earthworm
T cruzi can form what at the site of infection
Chagoma
Castor canadensis (american beaver) transmits what parasite
giardia lamblia
Glossina morsitans transmits what parasite
T brucei
The kissing bug or Triatoma infestans transmits what parasite
T cruzi
Plebotomus argentipes transmits what parasite
Leishmania donovani
Heterakis gallinarum transmits what parasite
Histomonas meleagridis
What parasites have no cyst stage E histolytica E coli Iodamoeba Endolimax nana Entamoeba gingivalis
E gingivalis
Which parasite causes amebic dystentary
E histolytica
Which parasite has no pathology E histolytica E coli Iodamoeba Endolimax nana Entamoeba gingivalis
E coli
Iodamoeba
endolimax
What is required for a symbiotic relationship to be mutualistic
2 different species
both are benefited
could be reproductive, metabolic, nutritional, developmental etc- things necessary for survival
What is a viable hypothesis for parasite evolution
parasites determine their own niche
they become specialized to specific parts of their hosts
evolve to become more commensal
need their host to stay alive
this parasite is more pathogenic in pigs but also infects humans, it has cosmopolitan distribution but is considered a commensal
Iodamoeba butschlii
What are the alternative hosts for E gingivalis which might reservoirs for infection?
dogs, cats, dont kiss your pets
Describe the pathology of T vaginalis in M and F humans
F- discharge, painful urination, irritation of the vagina, often asymptomatic if untreated might cause infertility or pregnancy complications. possible abortions
M- infects the urethra and seminal vesicles but not very serous usually asymptomatic
While Opalina is not pathogenic to humans, their biology has unique aspects, list one of them
the life cycle relies on the reproductive cycle of its host, the bullfrog, it needs the bullfrog to release sex hormones in order to reach sexual maturity
How does Giardia lamblia remain undetected by the immune system
it has surface variant proteins
What mechanisms does Leishmania use to avoid being phagocytized by immune cells
avoids macrophages by altering the pH in them creating a phagolysosome, the digestive enzymes from the macrophage can’t damage it and it can live and reproduce in it
compare the ecology of New World and Old World Leishmaniasis
New World- usually transmitted by wild animals that live in tropical forests like sloths and wild dogs
Old World- can be urban or suburban and is transmitted by animals that are in close contact with humans like cattle
What stage of Apicomplexa is most similar to the cyst stage of G lamblia
oocyst- because it is the transmission stage and not the growth feeding reproduction stage
What type of circulatory systems do insects, earthworms and humans have
insects-open, have cavities
humans- closed, blood stays in vessels
earthworms-closed
Draw the 4 life stages found within hemoflagellates
Q 49 promastigote epimastigote trypomastigote amastigote
Draw the apicomplexan lifecycle
Q 50
